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Sivak VV, Eickbusch A, Royer B, Singh S, Tsioutsios I, Ganjam S, Miano A, Brock BL, Ding AZ, Frunzio L, Girvin SM, Schoelkopf RJ, Devoret MH. Real-time quantum error correction beyond break-even. Nature 2023; 616:50-55. [PMID: 36949196 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The ambition of harnessing the quantum for computation is at odds with the fundamental phenomenon of decoherence. The purpose of quantum error correction (QEC) is to counteract the natural tendency of a complex system to decohere. This cooperative process, which requires participation of multiple quantum and classical components, creates a special type of dissipation that removes the entropy caused by the errors faster than the rate at which these errors corrupt the stored quantum information. Previous experimental attempts to engineer such a process1-7 faced the generation of an excessive number of errors that overwhelmed the error-correcting capability of the process itself. Whether it is practically possible to utilize QEC for extending quantum coherence thus remains an open question. Here we answer it by demonstrating a fully stabilized and error-corrected logical qubit whose quantum coherence is substantially longer than that of all the imperfect quantum components involved in the QEC process, beating the best of them with a coherence gain of G = 2.27 ± 0.07. We achieve this performance by combining innovations in several domains including the fabrication of superconducting quantum circuits and model-free reinforcement learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Sivak
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Google AI Quantum, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - A Eickbusch
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - B Royer
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institut Quantique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Singh
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - I Tsioutsios
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Ganjam
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Miano
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - B L Brock
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Z Ding
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - L Frunzio
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R J Schoelkopf
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M H Devoret
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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