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Fallati L, Polidori A, Salvatore C, Saponari L, Savini A, Galli P. Anthropogenic Marine Debris assessment with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle imagery and deep learning: A case study along the beaches of the Republic of Maldives. Sci Total Environ 2019; 693:133581. [PMID: 31376751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic Marine Debris (AMD) is one of the major environmental issues of our planet to date, and plastic accounts for 80% of total AMD. Beaches represent one of the main marine compartment where AMD accumulates, but few and scattered regional assessments are available from literature reporting quantitative estimation of AMD distributed on the shorelines. However, accessing information on the AMD accumulation rate on beaches, and the associated spatiotemporal oscillations, would be crucial to refining global estimation on the dispersal mechanisms. In our work, we address this issue by proposing an ad-hoc methodology for monitoring and automatically quantifying AMD, based on the combined use of a commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (equipped with an RGB high-resolution camera) and a deep-learning based software (i.e.: PlasticFinder). Remote areas were monitored by UAV and were inspected by operators on the ground to check and to categorise all AMD dispersed on the beach. The high-resolution images obtained from UAV allowed to visually detect a percentage of the objects on the shores higher than 87.8%, thus providing suitable images to populate training and testing datasets, as well as gold standards to evaluate the software performance. PlasticFinder reached a Sensitivity of 67%, with a Positive Predictive Value of 94%, in the automatic detection of AMD, but a limitation was found, due to reduced sunlight conditions, thus restricting to the use of the software in its present version. We, therefore, confirmed the efficiency of commercial UAVs as tools for AMD monitoring and demonstrated - for the first time - the potential of deep learning for the automatic detection and quantification of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fallati
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island Faafu Atoll, Maldives
| | - A Polidori
- DeepTrace Technologies S.R.L., Milan, Italy
| | | | - L Saponari
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island Faafu Atoll, Maldives
| | - A Savini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island Faafu Atoll, Maldives.
| | - P Galli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island Faafu Atoll, Maldives
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Williams R, Duvall R, Kilaru V, Hagler G, Hassinger L, Benedict K, Rice J, Kaufman A, Judge R, Pierce G, Allen G, Bergin M, Cohen R, Fransioli P, Gerboles M, Habre R, Hannigan M, Jack D, Louie P, Martin N, Penza M, Polidori A, Subramanian R, Ray K, Schauer J, Seto E, Thurston G, Turner J, Wexler A, Ning Z. Deliberating performance targets workshop: Potential paths for emerging PM 2.5 and O 3 air sensor progress. Atmos Environ X 2019; 2:100031. [PMID: 34322666 PMCID: PMC8314253 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency held an international two-day workshop in June 2018 to deliberate possible performance targets for non-regulatory fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) air sensors. The need for a workshop arose from the lack of any market-wide manufacturer requirement for Ozone documented sensor performance evaluations, the lack of any independent third party or government-based sensor performance certification program, and uncertainty among all users as to the general usability of air sensor data. A multi-sector subject matter expert panel was assembled to facilitate an open discussion on these issues with multiple stakeholders. This summary provides an overview of the workshop purpose, key findings from the deliberations, and considerations for future actions specific to sensors. Important findings concerning PM2.5 and O3 sensors included the lack of consistent performance indicators and statistical metrics as well as highly variable data quality requirements depending on the intended use. While the workshop did not attempt to yield consensus on any topic, a key message was that a number of possible future actions would be beneficial to all stakeholders regarding sensor technologies. These included documentation of best practices, sharing quality assurance results along with sensor data, and the development of a common performance target lexicon, performance targets, and test protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Williams
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - R. Duvall
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Corresponding author. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, MD E343-02, Research Triangle Park,
NC 27711, USA. (R. Duvall)
| | - V. Kilaru
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - G. Hagler
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - L. Hassinger
- Former Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
(ORISE) staff assigned to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - K. Benedict
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J. Rice
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - A. Kaufman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - R. Judge
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1, North
Chelmsford, MA, USA
| | - G. Pierce
- Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment,
Denver, CO, USA
| | - G. Allen
- Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Bergin
- Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC,
USA
| | - R.C. Cohen
- College of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley,
Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P. Fransioli
- Clark County Department of Air Quality (Nevada), Las Vegas,
NV, USA
| | - M. Gerboles
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra,
Italy
| | - R. Habre
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M. Hannigan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of
Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D. Jack
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New
York, NY, USA
| | - P. Louie
- Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong,
China
| | - N.A. Martin
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex,
United Kingdom
| | - M. Penza
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and
Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Brindisi Research Center, Brindisi,
Italy
- European Network on New Sensing Technologies for
Air-Pollution Control and Environmental Sustainability (EuNetAir), Brindisi,
Italy
| | - A. Polidori
- South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar,
CA, USA
| | - R. Subramanian
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K. Ray
- Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Nespelem,
WAashington, USA
| | - J. Schauer
- College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison, WI, USA
| | - E. Seto
- School of Public Health, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G. Thurston
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY,
USA
| | - J. Turner
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Washington
University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A.S. Wexler
- Air Quality Research Center, University of
California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Z. Ning
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong,
China
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Astafyeva K, Somaglino L, Desgranges S, Berti R, Patinote C, Langevin D, Lazeyras F, Salomir R, Polidori A, Contino-Pépin C, Urbach W, Taulier N. Perfluorocarbon nanodroplets stabilized by fluorinated surfactants: characterization and potentiality as theranostic agents. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2892-2907. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We aim to produce emulsions that can act as contrast agents and drug carriers for cancer imaging and therapy.
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Polidori A, Fine PM, White V, Kwon PS. Pilot study of high-performance air filtration for classroom applications. Indoor Air 2013; 23:185-195. [PMID: 23137181 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of three air purification systems in reducing the exposure of children to air contaminants inside nine classrooms of three Southern California schools. Continuous and integrated measurements were conducted to monitor the indoor and outdoor concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs), fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10 , respectively), black carbon (BC), and volatile organic compounds. An heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC)-based high-performance panel filter (HP-PF), a register-based air purifier (RS), and a stand-alone air cleaning system (SA) were tested alone and in different combinations for their ability to remove the monitored pollutants. The combination of a RS and a HP-PF was the most effective solution for lowering the indoor concentrations of BC, UFPs, and PM2.5 , with study average reductions between 87% and 96%. When using the HP-PF alone, reductions close to 90% were also achieved. In all cases, air quality conditions were improved substantially with respect to the corresponding baseline (preexisting) conditions. Data on the performance of the gas-absorbing media included in the RS and SA unit were inconclusive, and their effectiveness, lifetime, costs, and benefits must be further assessed before conclusions and recommendations can be made. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The installation of effective air filtration devices in classrooms may be an important mitigation measure to help reduce the exposure of school children to indoor pollutants of outdoor origin including ultrafine particles and diesel particulate matter, especially at schools located near highly trafficked freeways, refineries, and other important sources of air toxics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Polidori
- Planning and Rules Division, South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD), Diamond Bar, CA 91765-4178, USA.
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Polidori A, Kwon J, Turpin B, Weisel C. Source proximity and residential outdoor concentrations of PM(2.5), OC, EC, and PAHs. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2010; 20:457-68. [PMID: 19623217 PMCID: PMC4308952 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2009.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of proximity to specific mobile, area, and point sources on the residential outdoor concentrations of fine particulate matter PM (PM(2.5)) and several of its particle components. Integrated (48-h) PM(2.5) samples were collected outside non-smoking residences in Elizabeth, NJ, between summer 1999 and spring 2001. Samples were analyzed for PM(2.5) mass, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC, respectively), trace elements, particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs), and other important particle species. Information about the proximity of the study homes to potential mobile and area sources of OC, EC, p-PAHs, sulfur (S), and selenium (Se) (including urban interstate highways, local roadways, the Newark International Airport, the Elizabeth seaport, and a nearby refinery in Linden, NJ) were retrieved from a database that included detailed emissions, meteorological, and geographical data for the study area. The dependence of residential outdoor concentrations on source proximity and on various meteorological parameters was then examined for each species by multiple linear regression analysis. As expected, the predicted ambient air concentrations of all particle species (except S, Se) decreased with increasing distance from the sources. Although the enhancement in PM(2.5) and OC levels outside the study homes closest to primary PM sources was modest (e.g., 1.6 and 2.5 times the background levels 37 m from interstate highways), the elevation of EC and p-PAH concentrations was substantial outside the closest study homes (i.e., about 20 times for p-PAHs 37 m from interstate highways and about 14 times for EC 192 m from the refinery in Linden, NJ). The predicted EC concentrations 192 and 500 m from the oil refinery were 22.8 and 3.0 microgC/m(3), compared with an urban background of 1 microgC/m(3). Thus, emissions from this source might dramatically affect EC exposure for residents living in its close proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Polidori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - J. Kwon
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Division, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - B.J. Turpin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - C. Weisel
- Exposure Science Division, RWJMS/UMDNJ, Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Tanguy S, Durand G, Reboul C, Polidori A, Pucci B, Dauzat M, Obert P. Protection Against Reactive Oxygen Species Injuries in Rat Isolated Perfused Hearts: Effect of LPBNAH, a New Amphiphilic Spin-Trap Derived from PBN. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2006; 20:147-9. [PMID: 16534547 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-006-6754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous strategies have been designed to protect the myocardium against reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study was designed to test wether LPBNAH, a new amphiphilic spin-trap derived from PBN is able to protect isolated perfused rat hearts against ROS injuries. Following total glola ischemia (30 min), hearts were reperfused in the presence or not of LPBNAH (10 micromol/l), and left ventricular function was continuously monitored. The addition of LPBNAH led to a significant recovery in left ventricular developped pressure (LVDevP, control: 16.5+/- 7.5, p < 0.05). To conclude, the present results strongly suggest that the modification of previous wellknown molecules in order to facilitate their access to intracellular site of ROS production might be of interest to limit oxidative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tanguy
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Adaptations Cardiovasculaires à l'Exercice, JE 2426, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Avignon, France.
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Durand G, Polidori A, Salles JP, Prost M, Durand P, Pucci B. Synthesis and antioxidant efficiency of a new amphiphilic spin-trap derived from PBN and lipoic acid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2673-6. [PMID: 12873491 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new amphiphilic antioxidant called PBNLP and derived from both alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and lipoic acid was described. Grafting a lactobionamide moiety onto the aromatic group of the PBN provided the water solubility of this compound. In vitro preliminary biological evaluations of its antioxidant capacity were performed using the KRL biological test based on free radical-induced hemolysis. The PBNLP induces a protection of erythrocytes against exogenous free radicals higher than that measured with lipoic acid or PBN alone or with lipoic acid or PBN derivatives in admixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Durand
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et des Systèmes Moléculaire Vectoriels, Faculté des Sciences, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France.
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Geromel V, Kadhom N, Cebalos-Picot I, Ouari O, Polidori A, Munnich A, Rötig A, Rustin P. Superoxide-induced massive apoptosis in cultured skin fibroblasts harboring the neurogenic ataxia retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) mutation in the ATPase-6 gene of the mitochondrial DNA. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:1221-8. [PMID: 11371515 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.11.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress resulting from the neurogenic ataxia retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) mutation in the mitochondrial ATPase 6 gene was investigated in cultured skin fibroblasts from two patients presenting an isolated complex V deficiency. Taken as an index for superoxide overproduction, a huge induction of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in these fibroblasts harboring >90% of mutant mitochondrial DNA. The oxidative stress denoted by the high SOD activity was associated with increased cell death. In glucose-rich medium, apoptosis appeared as the main cell death process associated with complex V deficiency. Complex V-deficient fibroblasts, which showed a high SOD induction and stained positive for all studied apoptosis markers, were successfully rescued by perfluoro-tris-phenyl nitrone, an antioxidant spin-trap molecule. This established that the superoxide production associated with the ATPase deficiency triggered by the NARP mutation could be sufficient to override cell antioxidant defenses and to result in cell commitment to die. The potential participation of superoxides and/or their derivatives in the pathogenic mechanism of specific respiratory chain disorders makes them a promising target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Geromel
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant (INSERM U393) and Unité de Recherches 'Génétique, Chromosome et Cancer' (INSERM U383), Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Coulon J, Thiebault F, Contino C, Polidori A, Bonaly R, Pucci B. Permeability of yeast cell envelope to fluorescent galactosylated telomers derived from THAM. Bioconjug Chem 2000; 11:461-8. [PMID: 10898566 DOI: 10.1021/bc990178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The work reported herein deals with the study of cellular recognition and permeability phenomena in yeasts. Various galactosylated organic telomers derived from trishydroxymethyl-aminomethane (THAM) and bearing fluorescent moieties were synthesized in order to measure their ability to cross the yeast cell envelope. Grafting fluorescent probes on the organic telomer backbone allowed us to study their specific behaviors toward the yeasts by fluorescence microscopy. Yeasts belonging to the genera Kluyveromyces and Saccharomyces were used for this study. With Saccharomyces yeast cells bearing mannose-specific lectins or lectin-like proteins, on their outer surface, all the galactosylated or nongalactosylated organic telomers passed through the cell envelope and invaded the cytoplasm. With Kluyveromyces yeast cells bearing galactose-specific lectins, the galactosylated organic telomers were blocked at the outer surface while the nongalactosylated derivatives crossed the cell envelope. Moreover, preincubation of Kluyveromyces yeasts with galactose or methylgalactose inhibited the cell surface anchorage of the organic telomers and allowed their penetration into the cytoplasm. When assays were performed on spheroplasts of both Kluyveromyces and Saccharomyces yeasts, no fixation on the surface could be observed, and all the derivatives went through the membrane and invaded the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Coulon
- Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy 1, UMR UHP-CNRS 7564, LCPE, Biochimie Microbienne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5, rue A. Lebrun B.P. 403, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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Orsi GB, Branca L, Peragallo M, Polidori A, Fara GM. [Medical waste management in the Italian army]. Ann Ig 1998; 10:173-80. [PMID: 9833342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G B Orsi
- Istituto di Igiene G. Sanarelli Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza
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Coulon J, Bonaly R, Pucci B, Polidori A, Barthelemy P, Contino C. Cell targeting by glycosidic telomers. Specific recognition of the Kb CWL1 lectin by galactosylated telomers. Bioconjug Chem 1998; 9:152-9. [PMID: 9548529 DOI: 10.1021/bc970056r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the synthesis and lectinic recognition ability of galactosylated telomers. To investigate if telomeric carriers could exhibit cellular recognition properties, we have synthesized mono- and polygalactosylated tris(hydroxymethyl)acrylamidomethane (THAM) telomers. The affinity of such macromolecular drug carriers toward a receptor, the yeast Kb CWL1 lectin, was defined, and the influence of mono- or polygalactosylation of THAM units on the recognition phenomenon was assessed. The lectinic affinity of the compounds was estimated by measuring the inhibition of yeast aggregation. The average degree of polymerization as well as the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of such galactosylated telomers affects their recognition ability for the lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Coulon
- Nancy 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Biochemie Microbienne, Université Henri Poincaré, France
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Pucci B, Polidori A, Rakotomanomana N, Chorro M, Pavia A. Synthèse de glycolipides polymérisables Dérivés du Tris(hydroxyméthyl)aminométhane: Préparation de micelles polymérisées. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)60523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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