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Pischke CR, Helmer SM, Pohlabeln H, Muellmann S, Schneider S, Reintjes R, Schmidt-Pokrzywniak A, Girbig M, Krämer A, Icks A, Walter U, Zeeb H. Effects of a Brief Web-Based "Social Norms"-Intervention on Alcohol, Tobacco and Cannabis Use Among German University Students: Results of a Cluster-Controlled Trial Conducted at Eight Universities. Front Public Health 2021; 9:659875. [PMID: 34055723 PMCID: PMC8160121 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.659875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: "Social norms" (SN)-interventions are aimed at changing existing misperceptions regarding peer substance use by providing feedback on actual norms, thereby affecting personal substance use. It is unknown whether SN-intervention effects previously demonstrated in US students can be replicated in German students. The aim of the INSIST-study was to examine the effects of a web-based SN-intervention on substance use. Design: Cluster-controlled trial. Setting: Eight Universities in Germany. Participants and Measurements: Students were recruited at four intervention vs. four delayed intervention control Universities. 4,463 students completed baseline, 1,255 students (59% female) completed both baseline and 5-months follow-up web-based surveys on personal and perceived peer substance use. Intervention participants received feedback contrasting personal and perceived peer use with previously assessed use and perceptions of same-sex, same-university peers. Intervention effects were assessed via multivariable mixed logistic regression models. Findings: Relative to controls, reception of SN-feedback was associated with higher odds for decreased alcohol use (OR: 1.91, 95% CI 1.42-2.56). This effect was most pronounced in students overestimating peer use at baseline and under or accurately estimating it at follow-up (OR: 6.28, 95% CI 2.00-19.8). The OR was 1.33 (95% CI 0.67-2.65) for decreased cannabis use in students at intervention Universities and was statistically significant at 1.70 (95% CI 1.13-2.55) when contrasting unchanged and decreased with increased use. Regarding tobacco use and episodes of drunkenness, no intervention effects were found. Conclusions: This study was the first cluster-controlled trial suggesting beneficial effects of web-based SN-intervention on alcohol and cannabis use in a large sample of German University students. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial registration number of the INSIST-study is DRKS00007635 at the "German Clinical Trials Register."
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Pischke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S. M. Helmer
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Pohlabeln
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - S. Muellmann
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - S. Schneider
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - R. Reintjes
- Department of Health Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - M. Girbig
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Krämer
- Department of Health Sciences, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - A. Icks
- Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - U. Walter
- Institute for Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - H. Zeeb
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty 11 Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Health Sciences, Bremen, Germany
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Heichel J, Bachner F, Schmidt-Pokrzywniak A, Struck HG, Stuhlträger U, Bredehorn-Mayr T. [Treatment of congenital lacrimal duct obstruction: A prospective clinical cohort study]. Ophthalmologe 2015; 112:840-7. [PMID: 26070835 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-015-0067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressurized probing and irrigation is the method of choice for congenital lacrimal duct obstruction after conservative therapeutic strategies have failed. The aim of this study was to evaluate age dependence and success rates of different therapeutic options. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective cohort study of children with congenital lacrimal duct obstruction was performed. All children treated during the period between May 2009 and June 2010 were included. Surgical success was defined as the absence of epiphora and mucous discharge for a postoperative follow-up of 3 months. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of different variables were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 111 children (137 eyes) underwent treatment for congenital lacrimal duct obstruction. The mean age of the children was 7.7 months (range 1-30 months). The success rate of probing under local anesthesia was 85.5 % (n = 100). Probing under general anesthesia without intubation of the lacrimal pathway was successful in 28.6 % (n = 2). Treatment under general anesthesia with intubation of the lacrimal pathway had a success rate of 94.2 %. If the primary treatment was complicated the OR was 1.9 (95 % CI: 0.7-5.1), for males the OR was 1.7 (95 % CI: 0.8-3.5) and in cases of a positive family history the OR was 1.5 (95 % CI: 0.7-3.3). With every increasing month of age the risk not to be treated successfully increased (OR: 1.3, 95 % CI: 1.2-1.5). CONCLUSION Syringing under local anesthesia is an effective therapy. The highest success rates were found at the ages of 1-6 months. Therapy with additional silicone tube intubation was highly successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Heichel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Deutschland.
| | - F Bachner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - A Schmidt-Pokrzywniak
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - H-G Struck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - U Stuhlträger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - T Bredehorn-Mayr
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
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Schmidt-Pokrzywniak A, Kluttig A, Trocchi P, Ruschke K, Holzhausen H, Hauptmann S, Böcker W, Stang A. Reliability of self-reported weight at age of 18 and self-reported age at menarche and menopause. Gesundheitswesen 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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