1
|
Usman M, Naqvi SAA, Anwar S, Nadeem AM. Linking energy-based circularity with environment in high-income economies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:25468-25485. [PMID: 38472577 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A circular economy is a regenerative approach that emphasizes resource efficiency, waste reduction, and the reuse of materials for a sustainable world. By adopting circular practices, we can reduce the negative impact of traditional linear economic models on the environment. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the world is generating only 26% of total energy production from circular practices, which positively impacts environmental health. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the empirical estimation of circular practices regarding energy on the environment. The current study focuses on the association between the circular economic index, economic growth, trade, digitization, energy use, and the financial development index on the environment in 29 high-income countries from 1990 to 2019. The study employs the second-generation econometric technique Driscoll-Kraay to empirically estimate the association among the variables of interest after confirming cross-sectional dependency within the data set. The study findings reveal that circular practices improve high-income countries' environmental conditions. Furthermore, the study confirms the association between economic growth, financial development index, energy use, trade, and digitization on the environment, and it leads to a more sustainable situation. Policies are drawn based on findings for policymakers toward a sustainable world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Riphah School of Leadership, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Asif Ali Naqvi
- Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sofia Anwar
- Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Majeed Nadeem
- Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khan MTI, Anwar S, Sarkodie SA, Yaseen MR, Nadeem AM. Do natural disasters affect economic growth? The role of human capital, foreign direct investment, and infrastructure dynamics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12911. [PMID: 36691548 PMCID: PMC9860296 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural disasters do occur and have become a global problem due to increasing intensity. Developing countries are mostly affected due to natural disasters owing to a poor environment, feeble adaptation, impoverished socioeconomic conditions, poor infrastructure, limited resources, and unstable institutions. The SDG 11.5 target which highlights the mitigation of loss due to natural disasters--remains crucial to achieving sustainable cities and human settlements--but the literature is limited on this scope. Thus, this research contributes to the literature by incorporating an infrastructure index, foreign direct investment (FDI), human capital index, globalization, and capital formation into the disaster-growth debate across four-income groups in 98 countries from 1995 to 2019. We developed infrastructure and human capital indices using a standard procedure across all income groups. The two-step generalized method of moments employed herein confirmed the income reduction effect of natural disasters. While the economic cost of natural disasters is relatively high in low-income countries and mild in high- and upper-middle-income countries. Besides, infrastructural development, FDI, human capital, globalization, and gross fixed capital formation also affect economic growth across income groups. Thus, the enhancement of socio-economic policies could decline economic losses, especially in vulnerable and poor settlements in developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Anwar
- Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Abdul Majeed Nadeem
- Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rafique MZ, Nadeem AM, Xia W, Ikram M, Shoaib HM, Shahzad U. Does economic complexity matter for environmental sustainability? Using ecological footprint as an indicator. Environ Dev Sustain 2022; 24:4623-4640. [PMID: 34230806 PMCID: PMC8249435 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The current decade has witnessed the rise of empirical research in the domain of ecological footprint which has become a major scholarly area among environmental researchers. However, many key factors determining ecological footprint have been inadequately dealt within the existing body of knowledge. The current research aims to explore the association between economic complexity, human capital, renewable energy generation, urbanization, economic growth, export quality, trade and ecological footprint for the top ten economic complex countries. This study applied panel data estimators, for instance, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and the system-GMM long-run estimators from 1980 to 2017. The long-run estimates reveal that economic complexity, economic growth, export quality, trade and urbanization increase ecological footprint. Human capital and renewable energy generation help to mitigate ecological footprint. We conclude that investment in more renewable energy generation and its consumption and efficient use of human capital will improve economic complexity, export quality, and environment in developed and developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Rafique
- Centre for Economic Research, Shandong University, 27-Shanda Nanlu, Jinan Shandong, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Abdul Majeed Nadeem
- Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wanjun Xia
- School of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, 233030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Majid Ikram
- Centre for Economic Research, Shandong University, 27-Shanda Nanlu, Jinan Shandong, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Shoaib
- Centre for Economic Research, Shandong University, 27-Shanda Nanlu, Jinan Shandong, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Umer Shahzad
- School of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, 233030 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shoaib HM, Rafique MZ, Nadeem AM, Huang S. Impact of financial development on CO 2 emissions: A comparative analysis of developing countries (D 8) and developed countries (G 8). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:12461-12475. [PMID: 31997243 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Financial development is one of the key drivers of rapid economic growth as well as CO2 emission in the environment. This study aims to investigate the casual links between financial development and CO2 emission in G8 and D8 countries for the time period from 1999 to 2013. We used PCA to develop financial development index from its five sub-components. Second-generation panel unit root tests are applied to check the stationary level and to tackle the presence of cross-sectional dependence in panels. The empirical results of PMG-panel ARDL technique show that financial development has significant and positive impact on carbon emission at a 1% statistical level in both panels in the long-run. The impact of financial development and energy consumption is more evident in D8 and G8 countries respectively. The energy use and trade openness affect positively while GDP significantly causes to decline the carbon emissions at 1% statistical level. The results of D-H causality test show that majority of the variables have one-way causality towards CO2emission in both panels except the financial development and energy use having two-way causality in G8 panel only. The empirical findings of the present study suggest that through improved financial system, more funds should be invested in clean energy projects to adopt the renewable energy, strict monetary policies should be implemented to reduce the consumption of big ticket items, and adoption of measure to reduce trade embodied emission is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdul Majeed Nadeem
- Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shaoan Huang
- Centre for Economic Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nadeem AM, Muir JMR, Connelly KA, Adamson BT, Metson BJ, Idriss H. Ethanol photo-oxidation on a rutile TiO2(110) single crystal surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:7637-43. [PMID: 21225073 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01896a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of ethanol has been studied on the surface of rutile TiO(2)(110) by Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), online mass spectrometry under UV excitation and photoelectron spectroscopy while the adsorption energies of the molecular and dissociative modes of ethanol were computed using the DFT/GGA method. The most stable configuration is the dissociative adsorption in line with experimental results at room temperature. At 0.5 ML coverage the adsorption energy was found equal to 80 kJ mol(-1) for the dissociative mode (ethoxide, CH(3)CH(2)O(a) + H(a)) followed by the molecular mode (67 kJ mol(-1)). The orientation of the ethoxides along the [001] or [110] direction had minor effect on the adsorption energy although affected differently the Ti and O surface atomic positions. TPD after ethanol adsorption at 300 K indicated two main reactions: dehydration to ethylene and dehydrogenation to acetaldehyde. Pre-dosing the surface with ethanol at 300 K followed by exposure to UV resulted in the formation of acetaldehyde and hydrogen. The amount of acetaldehyde could be directly linked to the presence of gas phase O(2) in the vacuum chamber. The order of this photo-catalytic reaction with respect to O(2) was found to be 0.5. Part of acetaldehyde further reacted with O(2) under UV excitation to give surface acetate species. Because the rate of photo-oxidation of acetates (acetic acid) was slower than that of ethoxides (ethanol), the surface ended up by being covered with large amounts of acetates. A reaction mechanism for acetaldehyde, hydrogen and acetate formation under UV excitation is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen and School of Engineering Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|