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Shenoy MS, Galhotra A. Self-care for Health for All - An Utopian Vision or a Pragmatic Plan? Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:253-254. [PMID: 38665467 PMCID: PMC11042153 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_238_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) identified the importance of self-care interventions in achieving Universal Health Coverage in 2019. It urges every country to include self-care interventions in their policies and guidelines. To guide the countries in this process, it released guidelines in 2019 and revised them in 2022. However, implementation of new interventions is not a path free of thorns. These guidelines have their own set of strengths and limitations that will differ from country to country.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Swathi Shenoy
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Galhotra A, Shukla A, Ganesan MB, Agrawal S. Situational Analysis of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Health-care Facilities of a District in Central India. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2023; 13:204-211. [PMID: 38229725 PMCID: PMC10789470 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_204_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in health-care facilities is fundamental for providing quality, people-centered care and critical to achieving quality and accessible health services. This study aimed to assess the status of the WASH infrastructure in health-care facilities of Raipur district, Chhattisgarh, India. Methodology This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out in all public health-care facilities of Abhanpur block, Raipur district, Chhattisgarh, India, between 2019 and 2020 using an adapted version of joint monitoring program's (JMP) core questions, indicators, and service ladder framework. Results A total of 2 community health centers (CHCs), 7 primary health centers (PHCs), and 34 subhealth centers (SHCs) were included in the present study. All CHCs (100%) had essential water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management services. Among PHCs, 85.7% had water from improved and hygienic sources, only 57.1% had basic sanitation, and 100% had vital essential waste management services. Among SHCs, 55.9% had essential water, 2.9% had basic sanitation, 20.6% had basic hygiene, and 35.3% had necessary waste management services. Overall, it was found that 62.8% of health-care facilities had necessary water services, 16.3% had basic sanitation services, 34.9% had essential hygiene services, and 48.8% had basic waste management services. Conclusion The status of WASH infrastructure in health-care facilities of Raipur district is either limited or not available, especially concerning sanitation services, hygiene, and waste management services. It is the need of the hour to ensure a coordinated response that in all health-care facilities, WASH services are made available and accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Arvind Shukla
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Madhu Balan Ganesan
- Public Health Specialist, Airport Health Organisation, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjana Agrawal
- Health Systems Strengthening, State Health Resource Centre, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Ramasamy S, Galhotra A, Agrawal S. Adverse reactions after Covid-19 vaccination in persons affected by leprosy: A scoping review. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1771-1774. [PMID: 38024943 PMCID: PMC10657070 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_635_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leprosy reactions are the main pathway leading to severe nerve damage and disability. These reactions can occur at any time. The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic led to a catastrophic loss of human life and has had a devastating impact on persons affected by leprosy. Objective To achieve deep insight into the subject of adverse reactions acquired after Covid vaccinations in persons affected by leprosy through a literature review. Materials and Methods A scoping review was conducted in the studies published between July 2021 and June 2022 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Results Using the search strategy, a total of 130 articles were found, of which five were relevant to the study. The adverse reactions were acquired mostly in males [9 (81.8%)]; the majority of them belong to borderline tuberculoid [4 (36.4%)], and most of them were released from treatment (multi-drug therapy) [7 (63.6%)]. Conclusion Surveillance and management of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are essential; even minor AEFI should be reported and documented in a line list.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Krishna E, Pal A, Galhotra A, Shukla AK, Parija PP, Pathak VK, Rajath Rao UR, Naik BN. Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adults in the urban field practice area of AIIMS Raipur: A community-based screening survey. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1540-1546. [PMID: 37767439 PMCID: PMC10521818 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1819_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Undiagnosed hypertension (HTN) increases the risk of severe consequences such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertensive retinopathy, heart failure, and stroke. Population-based screening can be used to expose the hidden diseased mass with active disease. Thus, a screening survey was conducted to estimate the proportion of people with HTN among apparently healthy adults of age ≥30 years residing at the urban field practice area (UHTC) of AIIMS, Raipur, and also determine the predictors of undiagnosed HTN among the study participants. Methodology This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted over 2 months duration in the Ramnagar area, which comes under the urban field practice area of AIIMS Raipur using the STEPS tool is an acronym of study tool provided by WHO i.e. STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance consisting of three steps viz. questionnaire for behavioural risk factors, physical measurements and biochemical measurements. Results In this study, 24.2% (95%, confidence interval [CI]: 20.1-28.2) of participants screened positive for HTN. The proportion of males who screened positive for HTN was 28.8% (95% CI: 22.6-35), whereas the proportion of females who screened positive for HTN was 19.6% (95% CI: 14.3-25). In this study, elderly (>60 years), male gender, daily tobacco use, greater waist circumference (male >90 cm and female >80 cm), and daily salt intake of more than 5 g were found to have higher odds of having HTN. Conclusion The prevalence of undiagnosed HTN in the UHTC of AIIMS Raipur was quite high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Krishna
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Anjali Pal
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Shukla
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Vineet Kumar Pathak
- Department of Community Medicine, SGT Medical College, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - UR Rajath Rao
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Bijaya Nanda Naik
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Agrawal S, Gahwai DK, Dayama S, Galhotra A. An Analysis of COVID-19 Mortality in Chhattisgarh: A Two-Year Study on Demographics, Trends, and Impacts. Cureus 2023; 15:e43155. [PMID: 37692648 PMCID: PMC10484472 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus, has had a profound impact on global health, significantly affecting demographics worldwide. As India's twelfth most affected state, Chhattisgarh has experienced substantial COVID-19-related fatalities. This study aims to analyze the temporal, geographical, and demographic distribution and trends in COVID-19 mortality reported by the Department of Health and Family Welfare, Chhattisgarh, spanning from the onset of the pandemic until March 2022 (two years). Methods Data about all COVID-19 deaths recorded between March 2020 and March 2022 were collected from the State Surveillance Unit, Department of Health and Family Welfare, Chhattisgarh, and subsequently compiled in a Microsoft Excel sheet (Microsoft, Redmond, Washinton) for analysis. Results A comprehensive dataset of 14,038 deaths was examined during the study period. Of these, 24.5% (3446), 72.2% (10141), and 3.3% (451) occurred in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. The top five districts in Chhattisgarh with the highest COVID-19 mortality rates were identified as follows: 1) Raipur (23.5%), 2) Durg (13.4%), 3) Bilaspur (8.9%), 4) Raigarh (7.05%), and 5) Janjgir Champa (6.25%). The mean age of the deceased individuals was determined to be 55.44 years, with a standard deviation of 15.14 years. Furthermore, the impact of the pandemic was found to affect males compared to females in Chhattisgarh disproportionately. Conclusion Over the two-year study period, three distinct waves of COVID-19 were observed, with the second wave being the most devastating, particularly for the elderly population. Understanding the demographic characteristics and trends in COVID-19 mortality is crucial for implementing targeted public health measures and interventions to mitigate the impact of future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dharmendra K Gahwai
- Health Services, Government of Chhattisgarh Raipur Directorate of Health Services, Chhattisgarh, IND
| | - Sonal Dayama
- Community Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College Hyderabad, Telangana, IND
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, IND
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Pal A, Shukla AK, Santra A, Galhotra A, Thakur P, Patel S, Singh S, Rajbhar S. Awareness About Folic Acid Supplementation in First-Trimester Pregnant Women of Rural Raipur District, Chhattisgarh, and Its Determinants: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e40583. [PMID: 37469820 PMCID: PMC10352862 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are supplemented with folic acid (FA) during pregnancy as well as preconceptionally to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) in newborns. To understand the importance of FA supplementation, women need to have awareness about the same, which in turn may be influenced by different factors. It is also known that both FA and vitamin B12 deficiency tend to cause NTDs in newborns and anemia. Very few studies have studied the relationship between hemoglobin, FA, and vitamin B12 levels. In this study, we aim to estimate the level of awareness of FA supplementation among pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy and the factors determining the presence of awareness regarding the same. Also, we aim to estimate any correlation between hemoglobin, FA, and vitamin B12 levels among a subset of pregnant women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Abhanpur Block of Raipur district in Chhattisgarh among 399 pregnant women in their first trimester of pregnancy, in which their knowledge was assessed using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Each participant's knowledge score regarding FA supplementation was calculated and scored based on six indicators and classified as low, intermediate, and high scores. Logistic regression was applied to find out any significant association between knowledge about FA supplementation with any other sociodemographic variables. Scatter plots were used to assess the correlation of FA with hemoglobin, vitamin B12, and knowledge scores among 104 participants. RESULTS The majority (77.9%) of women had low knowledge scores with a mean score of 1.4 (0.15). It was found that only 45.6% of the participants knew the importance of FA supplementation, and the majority (23.1%) were informed by auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) followed by doctors. The majority (41.6%) of the study participants also did not know when to start FA, and only 1.3% knew that FA should be taken preconceptionally. On multivariable logistic regression, women who lived in joint families had significantly higher odds of having intermediate knowledge compared to those who lived in nuclear families. Although not statistically significant, there was a positive correlation between serum vitamin B12 and FA levels and also between hemoglobin and serum FA levels. However, a significant positive correlation was found between serum FA levels and the knowledge scores of the study participants. CONCLUSION The majority of study participants had poor knowledge and awareness regarding FA supplementation. So, health education, as well as information, education, and communication (IEC) activities, is required to improve the knowledge about FA supplementation among women of reproductive age in the community. A better understanding of FA supplementation can lead to adherence to FA consumption and prevent NTDs among newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Pal
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Arvind K Shukla
- Community and Family Medicine/Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Archismita Santra
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Pushpawati Thakur
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Suprava Patel
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Sunita Singh
- Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Raebareli, IND
| | - Sarita Rajbhar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
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Vaishnav K, Galhotra A, Jindal A, Parhad P. Profile and predictors of babies admitted to SNCUs of two tribal districts of Chhattisgarh. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1165-1171. [PMID: 37636189 PMCID: PMC10451588 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2309_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The neonatal period is the crucial and vulnerable period of the human life cycle. Various research has been conducted worldwide that provide the baseline data on clinical profiles and predictors of outcomes of babies admitted to sick newborn care units (SNCUs). Nonetheless, studies on tribal areas and community outreach areas are rare. In the present study, predictors and profiles of patients admitted to SNCU, in the Dantewada and Bijapur districts of Chhattisgarh, India, were evaluated which shall help prioritize patient care and preventive approaches. Methods This retrospective study was undertaken from January 2019 to December 2020 in the SNCUs of Dantewada and Bijapur. Neonatal and maternal characteristics, course during labor, treatment given to the neonates, and outcome data were obtained and analysed. Results In total, 1,531 neonates were enrolled in the study. Mothers had a mean age of 25.6 years (standard deviation [SD] ±4.9) with birth spacing less than 2 years (60.3%) and antenatal care (ANC) visits less than 4 (50.4%). Neonates were low birth weight (43.75%) and were home-delivered (15.8%). One hundred forty-nine neonates died. In the multivariate regression model, extremely low birth weight babies, less than 1 kg (odds ratio [OR]: 11.59 confidence interval [CI] 4.625-31.58), gestational age less than 34 weeks (OR: 2.13 CI 1.291-3.532), central cyanosis (OR: 10.40 CI: 3.269-32.35), duration of IV fluid > 3 days (OR: 2.16 CI 0.793-0.880), duration of antibiotic >3 days (OR 0.63 CI 0.408-0.979) were found to be independent predictors of mortality among neonates. Conclusion The prevalence of newborns aged less than 12 h is higher among the study population. Birth asphyxia, prematurity, neonatal jaundice, and sepsis were fundamental and leading causes of morbidity. Preterm birth and low birth weight babies had significantly high mortality. The government needs to focus on marginalized communities with target-based interventions and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atul Jindal
- Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Krishnan A, Kumar R, Amarchand R, Mohan A, Kant R, Agarwal A, Kulshreshtha P, Panda PK, Bhadoria AS, Agarwal N, Biswas B, Nair R, Wig N, Malhotra R, Bhatnagar S, Aggarwal R, Soni KD, Madan N, Trikha A, Tiwari P, Singh AR, Wyawahare M, Gunasekaran V, Sekar D, Misra S, Bhardwaj P, Goel AD, Dutt N, Kumar D, Nagarkar NM, Galhotra A, Jindal A, Raj U, Behera A, Siddiqui S, Kokane A, Joshi R, Pakhare A, Farooque F, Pawan S, Deshmukh P, Solanki R, Rathod B, Dutta V, Mohapatra PR, Panigrahi MK, Barik S, Guleria R. Predictors of Mortality among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 during the First Wave in India: A Multisite Case-Control Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:727-733. [PMID: 36913920 PMCID: PMC10077017 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) has caused more than 6 million deaths globally. Understanding predictors of mortality will help in prioritizing patient care and preventive approaches. This was a multicentric, unmatched, hospital-based case-control study conducted in nine teaching hospitals in India. Cases were microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 patients who died in the hospital during the period of study and controls were microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 patients who were discharged from the same hospital after recovery. Cases were recruited sequentially from March 2020 until December-March 2021. All information regarding cases and controls was extracted retrospectively from the medical records of patients by trained physicians. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was done to assess the association between various predictor variables and deaths due to COVID-19. A total of 2,431 patients (1,137 cases and 1,294 controls) were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 52.8 years (SD: 16.5 years), and 32.1% were females. Breathlessness was the most common symptom at the time of admission (53.2%). Increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 46-59 years, 3.4 [95% CI: 1.5-7.7]; 60-74 years, 4.1 [95% CI: 1.7-9.5]; and ≥ 75 years, 11.0 [95% CI: 4.0-30.6]); preexisting diabetes mellitus (aOR: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.2-2.9]); malignancy (aOR: 3.1 [95% CI: 1.3-7.8]); pulmonary tuberculosis (aOR: 3.3 [95% CI: 1.2-8.8]); breathlessness at the time of admission (aOR: 2.2 [95% CI: 1.4-3.5]); high quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at the time of admission (aOR: 5.6 [95% CI: 2.7-11.4]); and oxygen saturation < 94% at the time of admission (aOR: 2.5 [95% CI: 1.6-3.9]) were associated with mortality due to COVID-19. These results can be used to prioritize patients who are at increased risk of death and to rationalize therapy to reduce mortality due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ritvik Amarchand
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, AIIMS, Patna, India
| | - Bijit Biswas
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, AIIMS, Patna, India
| | | | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Malhotra
- Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Bhatnagar
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia, BRAIRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Aggarwal
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Dev Soni
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupam Madan
- Department of Hospital Administration, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjan Trikha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Tiwari
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mukta Wyawahare
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), India
| | | | - Dineshbabu Sekar
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), India
| | | | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, AIIMS, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Naveen Dutt
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, Jodhpur, India
| | | | | | | | - Atul Jindal
- Department of Paediatrics, AIIMS, Raipur, India
| | - Utsav Raj
- National Tuberculosis Elimination Program, AIIMS, Raipur, India
| | - Ajoy Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, Raipur, India
| | | | - Arun Kokane
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Abhijit Pakhare
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, India
| | - Farhan Farooque
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, India
| | - Sai Pawan
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Ranjan Solanki
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, AIIMS, Nagpur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Sadananda Barik
- Department of Trauma & Emergency Medicine, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, India
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Arora RD, Jati M, Nagarkar NM, Galhotra A, Agrawal S, Mehta R, Naik T. Experience, Challenges and Outcome of Implementing Universal New Born Hearing Screening in a Medical College Hospital Set Up. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:3841-3846. [PMID: 36742634 PMCID: PMC9895630 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In India, newborn hearing screening programs have been implemented as a part of research studies since early 1970s. Amongst the previously reported programs most are from the southern region and very few are from the west and the northern region of the country. There is a lack of evidence of such program in other region of the country. 1. To study the outcome, experience, and challenges faced during the implementation of the universal newborn hearing screening program in a medical college set up of Raipur, Chhattisgarh. 2. To determine the prevalence of hearing impairment with a two tier screening protocol with Otoacoustic emission and Auditory Brainstem Response. The Prospective Non randomised study was carried out between December 2017 and December 2019. A total of 1200 neonates delivered at the medical college, Raipur were screened using the two tier screening protocol. In our study, the prevalence of hearing loss was 2 per 1000 live births for bilateral hearing loss and 1 per 1000 live births for unilateral hearing loss. Implementing universal newborn screening in a vast country like India is a challenging task because of a high birth rate, diverse socio-economic and cultural background with limited resources. Though several hospitals and clinics have implemented the UNHS program, yet there is a dearth of literature regarding the program outcome, success, challenges, and lessons learnt. Therefore best practices of such evolved programs should be in public domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ripu Daman Arora
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492099 India
| | - Monalisa Jati
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492099 India
| | - Nitin M. Nagarkar
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492099 India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of CFM, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492099 India
| | - Sarita Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492099 India
| | - Rupa Mehta
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492099 India
| | - Tripty Naik
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492099 India
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Agrawal S, Dayama S, Galhotra A. COVID-19 mental health challenges: A scoping review. J Educ Health Promot 2022; 11:375. [PMID: 36618463 PMCID: PMC9818617 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_426_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disordered the lives of millions in an unprecedented way. A state of mental health crisis has emerged across the globe. The lifestyle and well-being of the individual and social integrity have been adversely affected. One-third of US citizens and one in five Indian citizens suffer from depression due to this pandemic. This scoping review aimed to estimate the mental health challenges and their possible solutions in the recent two years (2020-2021). Our search strategy used search engines such as Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed. The search strategy used the MeSH keywords "Mental Health AND Covid-19". The findings emerged in the following key points: anxiety and depression, social isolation and quarantine, and vulnerable or high-risk groups. Out of 216 articles screened, 20 were found eligible to meet the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies focused on psychological anxiety, stress and mental disorder during the pandemic. Psychosocial assessment and monitoring in the context of COVID-19 should include inquiries about stressors related to COVID-19, like exposure to infected sources, infected family members, loss of loved ones, physical distance; secondary adverse events like economic loss, psychosocial effects like depression, anxiety, psychosomatic preoccupations, insomnia, increased substance use, domestic violence; and indicators of vulnerability like pre-existing physical or psychological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Agrawal
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sonal Dayama
- School of Public Health, Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Kumar V, Nayak S, Rathore V, Bhat S, jindal A, Siddiqui S, Dola J, sahu A, Galhotra A, nagarkar N, Behera A. POS-027 COMPARISON OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD WAVES OF COVID19 AMONG CKD PATIENTS REQUIRING RRT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN CENTRAL INDIA. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [PMCID: PMC9475100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Parhad P, Galhotra A, Jindal A, Nagarkar NM, Behera AK. An Assessment of the Profile and Predictors of Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in a Tertiary Care Institute in Central India. Cureus 2022; 14:e26909. [PMID: 35983383 PMCID: PMC9376217 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the largest pandemic that has affected people around the globe. Various researches have been conducted worldwide, but there is a scarcity of data from Central India on the relationship between several risk factors for infection and mortality. Our study assessed the predictors and patient profiles of those with COVID-19, which will aid in prioritizing patient treatment and preventive measures. Methods A retrospective study was done between March and December 2020. The study included 5,552 COVID-19 patients admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur. A validated questionnaire form provided by the WHO was used. Data for multiple clinical and nonclinical parameters were collected, and analysis was done using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and STATA version 12 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA). Mortality and risk assessment of patients was done using multivariate logistic regression. Result In our study cohort of 5,552 COVID-19 patients, the median age was found to be 47 years (interquartile range (IQR): 31-60 years; range: 14-100 years), and 3,557 (64%) were male. Predominantly, patients presented with fever (41.30%), cough (40.20%), and dyspnea (29.29%). The major comorbidities were hypertension (29.70%), diabetes (25.40%), and chronic cardiac disease (5.79%). The common complications were liver dysfunction (26.83%), viral pneumonitis (23.66%), acute renal injury (15.25%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (13.41%). In multivariate analysis, age (more than 40 years) (odds ratio (OR): 2.63; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.531-4.512; p<0.001), diabetes (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.088-2.399; p=0.017), obesity (OR: 6.88; 95% CI: 2.188-12.153; p=0.004), leukocytosis (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.422-2.422; p<0.001), lymphocytopenia (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.718-3.826; p<0.001), thrombocytopenia (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.777-8.700; p=0.001), and ferritin concentration > 1,000 ng/mL (OR: 4.67; 95% CI: 1.991-10.975; p<0.001) were the independent predictors of mortality among COVID-19 patients. Conclusion The leading comorbidities in our study were hypertension, followed by diabetes. Patients who were 40 years or older, obese patients, and diabetic patients have a higher mortality risk. The poor prognostic predictors in COVID-19 patients were high ferritin levels (>1,000 ng/mL), leukocytosis, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
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Dayama S, Agrawal S, Galhotra A. “Vaccinate every child against COVID-19”: A scientific or socioeconomic need? J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:1658-1663. [PMID: 35800521 PMCID: PMC9254759 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1808_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has created havoc worldwide. By the first week of December 2021, 0.26 billion COVID-19 infected cases and 5.2 million deaths have been reported globally.[1] United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) reports that more than 10,000 children and adolescents have died from COVID-19, with a case fatality rate of 0.3%. Out of 299 vaccine candidates, 28 are available to the general population in less than 1 year.[2] For children, WHO permitted vaccine Pfizer/BioNTech, Sinovac, and Sinopharm, Drug Controller General of India’s approved ZyCov–D and Covaxin, and the Cuban government approved Soberna 2, and Soberna plus are available.[3] Italy, Germany, France, Norway, Switzerland, Israel, Dubai, Japan, Canada, and the US have already started vaccinating their children. This step may decrease the transmissibility and mutations of the virus and thus restore normalcy. For India, it is a question of “To be or not to be?” Indian researchers have warned of the long-term impact of the pandemic on the health, development, learning, and behavior of children, thus pushing the agenda of vaccination and opening of schools. All attempts at opening schools have failed in the last 2 years. Vaccinating children is not easy as it has taken nearly 1 year to vaccinate half of the adult Indian population. In these circumstances, rather than “vaccine for all,” “vaccine for (chronically) ill” is the only feasible solution for children.
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Padhan S, T P, Chandrakar R, Galhotra A, Borkar NB. Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 on Drug Store Management in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Central India. Cureus 2021; 13:e19723. [PMID: 34934586 PMCID: PMC8684361 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: One-third of the annual hospital budget is spent on the purchase of medicines, materials, and supplies. Drug store management is a complex but critical process within the healthcare delivery system. Health supply chains, the import of active pharmaceutical ingredients, transportation, procurement, finished products have been disrupted by COVID-19. Materials & methods: A retrospective, observational study was carried out at the Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur. Quantitative data about the pattern of consumption of 20 most commonly used drugs (10 antibiotics, three analgesics, three antipyretics, two anticoagulants, and two steroids), and 20 most frequently used consumables were sourced from existing records of the Central Pharmacy for 24 months between 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020. Results: A significant rise in the consumption pattern was seen in 25 drugs and consumables out of 40 total selected drugs and consumables. The maximum increase was observed in antibiotics followed by antipyretics, and the least increase was observed in analgesics followed by anticoagulants. Tablet Azithromycin 500 mg was the most frequently used antibiotic during the COVID-19 Period as compared to the Pre-COVID-19 period followed by injection Piperacillin + Tazobactam. The only antibiotic having a decline in consumption and also with the lowest consumption was tablet Metronidazole 400 mg. The highest increase in consumables occurs by 10088% in N95 Masks, followed by 573% in shoe covers, and 153% in face masks (three-layers), respectively. Conclusion: This study will enhance education to the pharmaceutical industries, policymakers to the Government, and other hospitals on how to better manage drug stores in future pandemic-like situations. Proper drug store management played a crucial role in medication usage that improved patient outcomes and prevented the misuse of medications. The pattern of changes in the consumption of drugs and consumables in the present study can be utilized by other hospitals in the third wave of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Padhan
- Epidemiology and Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, IND
| | - Pugazhenthan T
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, IND
| | - Ramesh Chandrakar
- Tranfusion Medicine and Blood Banking, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, IND
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Epidemiology and Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, IND
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Krishnan A, Mathur P, Kulothungan V, Salve HR, Leburu S, Amarchand R, Nongkynrih B, Chaturvedi HK, Ganeshkumar P, K S VU, Laxmaiah A, Boruah M, Kumar S, Patro BK, Raghav PR, Rajkumar P, Sarma PS, Sharma R, Tambe M, Arlappa N, Mahanta TG, Bhuyan PJ, Joshi RP, Pakhare AP, Galhotra A, Kumar D, Behera BK, Topno RK, Gupta MK, Rustagi N, Trivedi AV, Thankappan KR, Gupta S, Garg S, Shelke SC. Preparedness of primary and secondary health facilities in India to address major noncommunicable diseases: results of a National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS). BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:757. [PMID: 34332569 PMCID: PMC8325187 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The monitoring framework for evaluating health system response to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) include indicators to assess availability of affordable basic technologies and essential medicines to treat them in both public and private primary care facilities. The Government of India launched the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) in 2010 to strengthen health systems. We assessed availability of trained human resources, essential medicines and technologies for diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases as one of the components of the National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS - 2017-18). METHODS NNMS was a cross-sectional survey. Health facility survey component covered three public [Primary health centre (PHC), Community health centre (CHC) and District hospital (DH)] and one private primary in each of the 600 primary sampling units (PSUs) selected by stratified multistage random sampling to be nationally representative. Survey teams interviewed medical officers, laboratory technicians, and pharmacists using an adapted World Health Organization (WHO) - Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool on handhelds with Open Data Kit (ODK) technology. List of essential medicines and technology was according to WHO - Package of Essential Medicines and Technologies for NCDs (PEN) and NPCDCS guidelines for primary and secondary facilities, respectively. Availability was defined as reported to be generally available within facility premises. RESULTS Total of 537 public and 512 private primary facilities, 386 CHCs and 334 DHs across India were covered. NPCDCS was being implemented in 72.8% of CHCs and 86.8% of DHs. All essential technologies and medicines available to manage three NCDs in primary care varied between 1.1% (95% CI; 0.3-3.3) in rural public to 9.0% (95% CI; 6.2-13.0) in urban private facilities. In NPCDCS implementing districts, 0.4% of CHCs and 14.5% of the DHs were fully equipped. DHs were well staffed, CHCs had deficits in physiotherapist and specialist positions, whereas PHCs reported shortage of nurse-midwives and health assistants. Training under NPCDCS was uniformly poor across all facilities. CONCLUSION Both private and public primary care facilities and public secondary facilities are currently not adequately prepared to comprehensively address the burden of NCDs in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Mathur
- Indian Council Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India.
| | - Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan
- Indian Council Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Harshal Ramesh Salve
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sravya Leburu
- Indian Council Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Ritvik Amarchand
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Baridalyne Nongkynrih
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - P Ganeshkumar
- Indian Council Medical Research - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinay Urs K S
- Indian Council Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Avula Laxmaiah
- Division of Public Health Nutrition, Indian Council Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manjit Boruah
- Department of Community Medicine, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Binod Kumar Patro
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Pankaja Ravi Raghav
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabu Rajkumar
- Indian Council Medical Research - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Sankara Sarma
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Rinku Sharma
- Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi, India
| | - Muralidhar Tambe
- Department of Community Medicine, B J Govt. Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Arlappa
- Division of Public Health Nutrition, Indian Council Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tulika Goswami Mahanta
- Department of Community Medicine / Prevention & Social Medicine, Tezpur Medical College, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Pranab Jyoti Bhuyan
- Regional Director Office, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rajnish P Joshi
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit P Pakhare
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Dewesh Kumar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Binod Kumar Behera
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Roshan K Topno
- Department of Epidemiology, Indian Council Medical Research - Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neeti Rustagi
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Atulkumar V Trivedi
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - K R Thankappan
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Sonia Gupta
- Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi, India
| | - Suneela Garg
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
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Mathur P, Kulothungan V, Leburu S, Krishnan A, Chaturvedi HK, Salve HR, Amarchand R, Nongkynrih B, Ganeshkumar P, Urs K S V, Laxmaiah A, Boruah M, Kumar S, Patro BK, Raghav PR, Rajkumar P, Sarma PS, Sharma R, Tambe M, Arlappa N, Mahanta TG, Bhuyan PJ, Joshi RP, Pakhare A, Galhotra A, Kumar D, Behera BK, Topno RK, Gupta MK, Rustagi N, Trivedi AV, Thankappan KR, Gupta S, Garg S, Shelke SC. Baseline risk factor prevalence among adolescents aged 15-17 years old: findings from National Non-communicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS) of India. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044066. [PMID: 34187814 PMCID: PMC8245441 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To generate national estimates of key non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors for adolescents (15-17 years) identified in the National NCD Monitoring Framework and, study the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards NCD risk behaviours among school-going adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING A community-based, national, cross-sectional survey conducted during 2017-2018. The survey was coordinated by the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research with 10 reputed implementing research institutes/organisations across India in urban and rural areas. PARTICIPANTS A multistage sampling design was adopted covering ages between 15 and 69 years-adolescents (15-17 years) and adults (18-69 years). The sample included 12 000 households drawn from 600 primary sampling units. All available adolescents (15-17 years) from the selected households were included in the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Key NCD risk factors for adolescents (15-17 years)-current tobacco and alcohol use, dietary behaviours, insufficient physical activity, overweight and obesity. RESULTS Overall, 1402 households and 1531 adolescents completed the survey. Prevalence of current daily use of tobacco was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.0% to 4.7%), 25.2% (95% CI: 22.2% to 28.5%) adolescents showed insufficient levels of physical activity, 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9% to 7.9%) were overweight and 1.8% (95% CI: 1.0% to 2.9%) were obese. Two-thirds reported being imparted health education on NCD risk factors in their schools/colleges. CONCLUSION The survey provides baseline data on NCD-related key risk factors among 15-17 years in India. These national-level data fill information gaps for this age group and help assess India's progress towards NCD targets set for 2025 comprehensively. Though the prevalence of select risk factors is much lower than in many developed countries, this study offers national evidence for revisiting and framing appropriate policies, strategies for prevention and control of NCDs in younger age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Mathur
- National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sravya Leburu
- National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Harshal Ramesh Salve
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ritvik Amarchand
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Baridalyne Nongkynrih
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Vinay Urs K S
- National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A Laxmaiah
- Division of Public Health Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manjit Boruah
- Department of Community Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Binod Kumar Patro
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Pankaja Ravi Raghav
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodphur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabu Rajkumar
- Division of Health Systems Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Sankara Sarma
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Rinku Sharma
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Muralidhar Tambe
- Department of Community Medicine, BJ Government Medical College and Sasoon General Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Arlappa
- Division of Public Health Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tulika Goswami Mahanta
- Department of Community Medicine/Prevention and Social Medicine, Tezpur Medical College, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Pranab Jyoti Bhuyan
- Regional Director Office, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rajnish P Joshi
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Abhijit Pakhare
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Dewesh Kumar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Binod Kumar Behera
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Roshan K Topno
- Department of Epidemiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodphur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neeti Rustagi
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodphur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Atulkumar V Trivedi
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College Bhavnagar, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - K R Thankappan
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod Town, Kerala, India
| | - Sonia Gupta
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suneela Garg
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangita Chandrakant Shelke
- Department of Community Medicine, BJ Government Medical College and Sasoon General Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Panigrahi SK, Majumdar S, Galhotra A, Kadle SC, John AS. Community Based Management of COVID-19 as a Way Forward for Pandemic Response. Front Public Health 2021; 8:589772. [PMID: 33520913 PMCID: PMC7838456 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.589772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Sagarika Majumdar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | | | - Ashis Samuel John
- Regional Technical Research Centre for Health Technology Assessment, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Chowdhary P, Rathore V, Jain K, Galhotra A, Verma N, Kale SA, Nagarkar NM, Jha V. CKD of Unknown Origin in Supebeda, Chhattisgarh, India. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 6:210-214. [PMID: 33426399 PMCID: PMC7783575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinay Rathore
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Kamlesh Jain
- Department of Community Medicine, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Raipur, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Nirmal Verma
- Department of Community Medicine, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Raipur, India
| | | | | | - Vivekanand Jha
- George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India.,School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Verma M, Sharma P, Ranjan S, Sahoo SS, Aggarwal R, Mehta K, Tariq R, Kanwale S, Sk SK, Mittal A, Das A, Galhotra A. The perspective of our future doctors towards organ donation: a national representative study from India. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:197-204. [PMID: 32866116 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2020-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Timely donation of organs has helped many get a new life. But in India, the pace of Organ Donation and Transplant (ODT) has been disturbingly sluggish. There is a wide gap between patients who need transplants and the organs that are available in India. Doctors can play a pertinent role in decreasing this gap. Therefore, the present study was done to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of the medical students in India regarding Organ Donation (OD). Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among the undergraduate students (n=1463) in 10 different medical colleges across the country. Data were collected electronically through Google forms by using a pre-designed, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Results About 65% of students had a positive attitude regarding ODT. Most of the students acknowledged that Internet sources (57.7%) and print media (46.5%) played a significant role in their awareness. 83% of the students felt that there is a need for effective laws to regulate the process of ODT. It was encouraging that most of the students (69.6%) were not biased for the type of recipients for the organ. Conclusion In the face of acute shortage of donated organs in India, the medical students can be the torchbearers of a positive change. Topics on ODT should be stressed in the initial years and during the early clinical exposure through rapid implementation of the revised Medical curriculum. They can motivate the general public and patients during their routine interactions to make this idea more accessible and acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Verma
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, India.,Department of Community Medicine, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneha Ranjan
- Department of Community Medicine, ESI Medical college, Faridabad, India
| | - Soumya Swaroop Sahoo
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, India
| | - Ramnika Aggarwal
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, India
| | - Kedar Mehta
- Department of Community Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Vadodara, India
| | | | - Suchita Kanwale
- Department of Community Medicine, Mallareddy Institute of Medical College, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Kantha Sk
- Department of Community Medicine and RNTCP Nodal Officer, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, India
| | - Anshu Mittal
- Department of Community Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Ambala, India
| | - Anupi Das
- Department of Physiology, Jorhat Medical College, Jorhat, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhatisgarh, India
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Pal R, Rathore V, Galhotra A, Mamidi V. Chronic kidney diseases: A realm for preventive nephrology. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3810-3814. [PMID: 33110772 PMCID: PMC7586563 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1264_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is emerging as a major public health priority worldwide. It is a chronic condition influenced by lifestyle and behavior. The risk factors for CKD are highly prevalent among the Indian population, and the number of Indians at risk is increasing. Preventive measures focusing on reducing the prevalence of CKD by limiting exposure to risk factors could be cost effective in a country like India. Kidney diseases disproportionally affect disadvantaged populations and reduce the number of productive years of life. Furthermore, the prospect of financial burden discourages many patients from undergoing treatment, thereby leading to preventable morbidity and death. The management of patients with CKD is focused on early detection or prevention, treatment of the underlying cause (if possible) to curb progression and attention to secondary processes that contribute to ongoing nephron loss. Blood pressure control, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system and disease-specific interventions are the cornerstones of therapy. Health literacy and self-management are critical to improving the outcomes of chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease. Primary Care and Family physicians act as a bridge between the nephrologist specialist and the CKD patients; which will help in improving the quality of life, reduce physical and psychologic limitations and complications associated with CRF, and help patients return to their families, jobs, and social lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pal
- Senior Resident Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Vinay Rathore
- Assistant Professor Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Additional Professor, Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Varun Mamidi
- Assistant Professor Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
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Sahu P, Galhotra A, Raj U, Ranjan RV. A study of self-reported health problems of the people living near railway tracks in Raipur city. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:740-744. [PMID: 32318412 PMCID: PMC7114011 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1029_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise is pervasive in everyday life and can cause both auditory and nonauditory health effects. Noise-induced hearing loss remains highly prevalent in occupational settings. Nonauditory effects of noise can cause tinnitus, headache, auricular plenitude, dizziness, and gastric, visual, sleep, and mood disorders, endocrine imbalance, and cardiovascular disorders. A cross-sectional study among resident above the age of 18 years of the selected urban slum near railway track of Raipur City with a sample size of 400 was conducted. 23.0% of the study subjects responded of facing auditory fatigue, followed by 11.5% of the study subjects reported of hearing loss, 6% of the study participants perceived that the surrounding noise led to an increase in their blood pressure. Loss of sleep/insomnia was reported by 6% of resident in our study. Health effects of environmental noise are manifold, serious and, because of the widespread exposure, very prevalent. These factors stress the need to regulate and reduce environmental noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sahu
- ICMR NTF on Hearing Impairment, AIIMS Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Utsav Raj
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Roja V Ranjan
- ICMR NTF on Hearing Impairment, AIIMS Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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22
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RATHORE V, Pal R, Galhotra A, Patel S, Nagarkar M N. SUN-114 A CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY ATTENDING AIIMS, RAIPUR, CHHATTISGARH. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
The severe respiratory disease COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was first reported in late December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. Soon thereafter, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared it a pandemic. The adult population is highly affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, infants and children are also not spared. Transmission in the pediatric population appears to be primarily from COVID-19-positive adults, largely from family contacts through droplets, direct contacts, and aerosols. There is also evidence of fecal-oral route of transmission. The incubation period of COVID-19 in children ranges from 2 to 10 days. Most children are asymptomatic. The most common symptoms amongst symptomatic children are fever and cough. Shortness of breath, sore throat, rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis, fatigue, and headache are other common symptoms. Diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are the common gastrointestinal symptoms that may be present with or without respiratory symptoms. Very few children are likely to develop severe disease.Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment. Though data are limited, antiviral therapies such as remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and other drugs like hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine have been used for severe COVID-19 cases, with remdesivir showing the greatest promise. A few children may develop an exaggerated immune response, characterized by exaggerated cytokine release and manifests with features similar to Kawasaki disease. The syndrome has been referred to by many names including pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) and more recently, as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); this life-threatening condition often requires a multidisciplinary team effort and use of immunomodulators.
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Abstract
Leprosy or Hansen's disease despite having achieved the elimination target across the world, the decrease in detection of new cases has almost stagnated for the last 10 years. Southeast Asia is having the highest prevalence of leprosy among all regions in the world. The review focuses on the programmatic laggards’ post-achievement of elimination target in India, the most significant contributors to leprosy caseload in the world, and a way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Anjali Pal
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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25
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Abstract
Background Hygienic sanitation facilities are crucial for public health. Investment on sanitation brings the single greatest return for any development intervention. Poor sanitation, open defecation and lack of awareness about hygiene have detrimental effect on the health of women and children living in slums. Objective The objective of this study was to perceive/assess the barriers to access of hygienic sanitary facilities for adolescent girls in an urban slum. Methodology This study included 98 adolescent females (10-19years) living in urban slums Ward no 19 Raipur. Simple random sampling by 'note method' was used to select one administrative division of this area. Result Mean age of adolescent girls in the present study was 15.44 ±2.2years (Range: 12 to 19 years) and a majority of them were in High School 60 (60.2%). About half (42%) of the study subjects were living in Semi pucca house and only 38% had access to an independent toilet facility, 9% were practicing open defecation and remaining (51%) were using public toilets. Conclusion The availability of sanitation facility and latrine utilization rate of the households were satisfactory. Privacy is a concern in public toilet, uses of sanitary pad was also less and changing of absorbent material in toilets was also a matter of concern for the girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Raj
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - V R Roja
- ICMR NTF HI Project, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Abstract
Hearing is the key to learning spoken language, performing academically, and engaging socially for children. Degree of hearing loss quantifies the hearing ability from mild to profound, based on the audiometric findings for an individual across certain frequencies or pitches. Early identification and appropriate intervention is the prime need. A probable strategy is to ensure that every newborn is screened for possible hearing loss at the birth in the hospital. In India, hearing screening facility is mostly available to newborns brought into tertiary hospitals. Some of the key issues in the implementation of the program identified are lack of human resources, inadequate infrastructure, equipment-related shortcomings, and low priority for hearing impairment (HI) prevention. The Government of India initiated efforts toward prevention and control of HI, i.e., National Program for Prevention and Control of deafness and Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram which are significant milestones in the implementation of systematic nationwide hearing screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Preeti Sahu
- Department of ENT and HNS, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Jonathan PT, Thakur H, Galhotra A, Galhotra V, Gupta N. Maxillary labial frenum morphology and midline diastema among 3 to 12-year-old schoolgoing children in Sri Ganganagar city: A cross-sectional study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2018; 36:234-239. [PMID: 30246742 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_51_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dentofacial aesthetics plays an important role in social interaction and psychological well-being because it affects how people perceive themselves and how they are perceived by society. The maxillary labial frenum is a fold of tissue, usually triangular in shape, extending from the maxillary midline area of the gingiva into the vestibule and mid portion of the upper lip. Maxillary anterior spacing or diastema is a common aesthetic complaint of patients and is frequently seen in children especially in the mixed dentition stage. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1. To estimate the prevalence of different morphologic types of maxillary labial frenum among children of age 3 - 12 years. 2. To find out the relationship between the level of insertion of the frenum and age of the child.3. To evaluate the correlation between frenum morphology, insertion and midline diastema in children. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY The direct visual method under natural light was used and the upper lip was lifted with the index finger and thumb of both hands which allowed for the observation and classification of the labial frenum morphology according to Sewerin's typology and its attachment according to Placek et al. The midline diastema was determined by measuring the distance between the midpoints of the mesial surfaces of both central incisors with the help of divider and ruler. The values were recorded in the prepared schedule. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The presence of an abnormal frenum can be a cause in persistent midline diastemas. Tooth movement usually is deferred until eruption of the permanent canines but can begin early in certain cases with very large diastemas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Jonathan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Himani Thakur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Virat Galhotra
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neha Gupta
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
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Abstract
Mental health is different from general health as in certain circumstances mentally ill people may not be in a position to make decisions on their own. Those who suffer rarely get access to appropriate medical treatment as their families try to hide their condition out of a sense of shame. Over 300 million people are estimated to suffer from depression, equivalent to 4.4% of the world's total population. According to a study conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, 1 in 40 and 1 in 20 people are suffering from the past and current episodes of depression in India. In spite of this big burden of mental health issues, unfortunately, it continues to be misunderstood in developing countries like India. The new Mental Healthcare Act 2017 rescinds/revoked the existing Mental Healthcare Act 1987 which had been widely criticized for not recognizing the rights of a mentally ill person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Mishra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Galhotra A, Padhy G, Pal A, Giri A, Nagarkar N. Mapping the health indicators of Chhattisgarh: A public health perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/2230-8598.127117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Goel NK, Pathak R, Galhotra A, Dankal C, Swami HM. Status of cold-chain maintenance in Chandigarh. Indian J Public Health 2008; 52:37-39. [PMID: 18700720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective cold chain maintenance system is the backbone of success of any immunization program. This study compares the state of cold chain maintenance during intensive pulse polio immunization campaign in union territory of Chandigarh in the year 2001 with that of 2006. The study was conducted during pulse polio rounds of December 2001 and January 2002 and another in April and May 2006 by Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Chandigarh. Data was collected from different levels of cold chain maintenance; OPV vials were also collected and sent for potency testing at Central Research Institute, Kasauli in all the rounds. Cold chain sickness rate has decreased from 9.8% in year 2001 to 6% in year 2006. Icepacks were neatly stacked in all the deep freezers (DF) and ice-lined refrigerators (ILR). 94.71% DF's & ILR's were defrosted periodically, 95.36% temperature charts were up-to-date and signed by supervisors and no day carriers were being used in 2006 round. Whereas in 2001, the periodicity of defrosting ILR & DFs was 76.9%, vaccines were stacked neatly in only 38.46% and day carriers were being used. All the randomly selected vaccine samples were reported potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Goel
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32-A, Chandigarh, India.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the maintenance of cold chain system in the Intensive Pulse Polio Immunization (IPPI) campaign in the Union Territory, Chandigarh. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in 18 designated vaccine sub-depots, where OPV vials were stored prior to IPPI and 25 IPPI booths out of the designated 406 IPPI booths in U.T, Chandigarh. The booths were selected by stratified random sampling technique. 25 Vaccine vials, one from each booth were selected and sent for potency testing at Central Research Institute (CRI)-Kasauli. RESULTS All the randomly selected vaccine samples were reported portent, as per the reports provided by CRI-Kasauli. Cold chain maintenance and temperature charting was found satisfactory. CONCLUSION There are some avoidable errors which leaves room for improvement, which can be in the form of provision of adequate number of exhaust fan, voltage stabilizers, etc. Uninterrupted power supply should be ensured. Lastly, more emphasis is to be given on maintenance of cold chain system in reorientation training program of all health functionaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32-A, Chandigarh, India
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