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Yuan C, Kim J, Wang QL, Lee AA, Babic A, Amundadottir LT, Klein AP, Li D, McCullough ML, Petersen GM, Risch HA, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Perez K, Ng K, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, Kraft P, Wolpin BM. The age-dependent association of risk factors with pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:693-701. [PMID: 35398288 PMCID: PMC9233063 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer presents as advanced disease in >80% of patients; yet, appropriate ages to consider prevention and early detection strategies are poorly defined. We investigated age-specific associations and attributable risks of pancreatic cancer for established modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 167 483 participants from two prospective US cohort studies with 1190 incident cases of pancreatic cancer during >30 years of follow-up; 5107 pancreatic cancer cases and 8845 control participants of European ancestry from a completed multicenter genome-wide association study (GWAS); and 248 893 pancreatic cancer cases documented in the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Across different age categories, we investigated cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes, height, and non-O blood group in the prospective cohorts; weighted polygenic risk score of 22 previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the GWAS; and male sex and black race in the SEER Program. RESULTS In the prospective cohorts, all five risk factors were more strongly associated with pancreatic cancer risk among younger participants, with associations attenuated among those aged >70 years. The hazard ratios comparing participants with three to five risk factors with those with no risk factors were 9.24 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.11-20.77] among those aged ≤60 years, 3.00 (95% CI 1.85-4.86) among those aged 61-70 years, and 1.46 (95% CI 1.10-1.94) among those aged >70 years (Pheterogeneity = 3×10-5). These factors together were related to 65.6%, 49.7%, and 17.2% of incident pancreatic cancers in these age groups, respectively. In the GWAS and the SEER Program, the associations with the polygenic risk score, male sex, and black race were all stronger among younger individuals (Pheterogeneity ≤0.01). CONCLUSIONS Established risk factors are more strongly associated with earlier-onset pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the importance of age at initiation for cancer prevention and control programs targeting this highly lethal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - J Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Q L Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - A A Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - A Babic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - L T Amundadottir
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - A P Klein
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - D Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - M L McCullough
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - G M Petersen
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, USA
| | - H A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | | | - K Perez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - K Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - E L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - M J Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - P Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - B M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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2
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Klein AP, Yarbrough K, Cole JW. Stroke, Smoking and Vaping: The No-Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Ann Public Health Res 2021; 8:1104. [PMID: 34322688 PMCID: PMC8315328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Both stroke and smoking continue to be major public health crises in the United States, with stroke being the third and fourth leading cause of death among women and men, respectively. The goal of this review will be to provide clinicians a succinct overview regarding the epidemiology, economics, and biology of stroke in the setting of smoking and electronic cigarette use. Special attention will be given to the escalating public health crisis of electronic cigarette use, emphasizing mechanistic relationships of stroke and lung injury. Readers will be made aware of the need for continued scientific advancement and study regarding these relationships, as well as the need for improved governmental and public health efforts to curb these ongoing public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Klein
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Karen Yarbrough
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - John W Cole
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System and the University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
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3
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Schneble E, Lack C, Zapadka M, Pfeifer CM, Bardo DME, Cagley J, Acharya J, Klein AP, Bhalla M, Obayashi JT, Ross D, Pettersson DR, Pollock JM. Increased Notching of the Corpus Callosum in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Callosal Misunderstanding? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:725-728. [PMID: 32193189 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the medicolegal literature, notching of the corpus callosum has been reported to be associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Our purpose was to analyze the prevalence of notching of the corpus callosum in a fetal alcohol spectrum disorders group and a healthy population to determine whether notching occurs with increased frequency in the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a multicenter search for cases of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and included all patients who had a sagittal T1-weighted brain MR imaging. Patients with concomitant intracranial pathology were excluded. The corpus callosum was examined for notches using previously published methods. A χ2 test was used to compare the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and healthy groups. RESULTS Thirty-three of 59 patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (0-44 years of age) identified across all centers had corpus callosum notching. Of these, 8 had an anterior corpus callosum notch (prevalence, 13.6%), 23 had a posterior corpus callosum notch (prevalence, 39%), and 2 patients demonstrated undulated morphology (prevalence, 3.4%). In the healthy population, the anterior notch prevalence was 139/875 (15.8%), posterior notch prevalence was 378/875 (43.2%), and undulating prevalence was 37/875 (4.2%). There was no significant difference among the anterior (P = .635), posterior (P = .526), and undulating (P = .755) notch prevalence in the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and healthy groups. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in notching of the corpus callosum between patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and the healthy population. Although reported to be a marker of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, notching of the corpus callosum should not be viewed as a specific finding associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schneble
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.S., D.R.P., J.M.P.), and
| | - C Lack
- Department of Radiology (C.L., M.Z.), Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - M Zapadka
- Department of Radiology (C.L., M.Z.), Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - C M Pfeifer
- Department of Radiology (C.M.P.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - D M E Bardo
- Department of Radiology (D.M.E.B.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - J Cagley
- Department of Radiology (J.C.), Legacy Emanuel, Portland, Oregon
| | - J Acharya
- Department of Radiology (J.A.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - A P Klein
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - M Bhalla
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - J T Obayashi
- Neurological Surgery (J.T.O., D.R.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - D Ross
- Neurological Surgery (J.T.O., D.R.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Operative Care Division (D.R.), Portland Veterans Administration Hospital, Portland, Oregon
| | - D R Pettersson
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.S., D.R.P., J.M.P.), and
| | - J M Pollock
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.S., D.R.P., J.M.P.), and
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4
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Julián-Serrano S, Yuan F, Benyamin B, Wheeler W, Amundadottir L, Jacobs E, Kraft P, Li D, Petersen GM, Risch HA, Wolpin B, Yu K, Klein AP, Stolzenberg-Solomon R. Hepcidin-regulating Iron-metabolism Genes and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Pathway Analysis of Genome-wide Association Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal cancer, and epidemiological studies have suggested positive associations with iron and red meat intake. Rare mutations in genes involved in the hepcidin-regulating pathway are known to cause iron overload and hemochromatosis. We hypothesize that the hepcidin-regulating pathway as characterized by common variants from genome-wide association studies will be associated with PDAC. Methods: We conducted a large pathway-based meta-analysis of the hepcidin-regulating genes using the summary based adaptive rank truncated product (sARTP) method in 9,253 PDAC cases and 12,525 controls of European descent from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort (PanScan) and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control (PANC4) consortia. Our analysis included 11 hepcidin-regulating genes (BMP2, BMP6, FTH1, FTL, HAMP, HFE, HJV, NRF2, SLC40A1, TFR1, TFR2) and adjacent genomic regions (20 kb upstream and downstream) with a total of 412 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also conducted the sARTP with four iron status biomarkers (serum iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin, n = 23,986) using summary statistics from previous GWAS studies (Benyamin, et al. 2014) to examine if the hepcidin-regulating genes were also associated with these iron traits. The sARTP method combines SNP-level associations across variants in a gene or a pathway. Signals from up to five of the most associated SNPs for each gene studied were accumulated. Results: The hepcidin-regulating pathway was significantly associated with PDAC (P-value = 0.002) with the HJV, TFR2, and TFR1 genes contributing the most to the association (gene level P-values = 0.001, 0.014, and 0.019, respectively). The pathway associations were more significant in women than men. This pathway was also significantly associated with the four biomarkers of iron metabolism (P-values <1.5 × 10–7). Conclusions: Our results support that genetic susceptibility related to the hepcidin-regulating pathway is associated with PDAC and a potential role of iron metabolism in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the modifying effect of iron-rich foods and genetic susceptibility of this pathway and PDAC risk.
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Klein
- From the Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - J L Ulmer
- From the Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - S A Quinet
- From the Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - V Mathews
- From the Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - L P Mark
- From the Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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6
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Raslau FD, Augustinack JC, Klein AP, Ulmer JL, Mathews VP, Mark LP. Memory Part 3: The Role of the Fornix and Clinical Cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1604-8. [PMID: 26045575 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F D Raslau
- From the Department of Radiology (F.D.R.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - J C Augustinack
- Department of Radiology (J.C.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.C.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A P Klein
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.P.M., L.P.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - J L Ulmer
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.P.M., L.P.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - V P Mathews
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.P.M., L.P.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - L P Mark
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.P.M., L.P.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Raslau
- From the Department of Radiology (F.D.R.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - I T Mark
- Morsani College of Medicine (I.T.M.), University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - A P Klein
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.M., L.P.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - J L Ulmer
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.M., L.P.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - V Mathews
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.M., L.P.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - L P Mark
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.M., L.P.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Raslau
- From the University of Kentucky (F.D.R.), Lexington, Kentucky
| | - A P Klein
- Medical College of Wisconsin (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.M., L.P.M.), Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - J L Ulmer
- Medical College of Wisconsin (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.M., L.P.M.), Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - V Mathews
- Medical College of Wisconsin (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.M., L.P.M.), Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - L P Mark
- Medical College of Wisconsin (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.M., L.P.M.), Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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9
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Etchegaray JI, Timmons AK, Klein AP, Pritchett TL, Welch E, Meehan TL, Li C, McCall K. Draper acts through the JNK pathway to control synchronous engulfment of dying germline cells by follicular epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.124966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Etchegaray JI, Timmons AK, Klein AP, Pritchett TL, Welch E, Meehan TL, Li C, McCall K. Draper acts through the JNK pathway to control synchronous engulfment of dying germline cells by follicular epithelial cells. Development 2012; 139:4029-39. [PMID: 22992958 DOI: 10.1242/dev.082776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficient removal of dead cells is an important process in animal development and homeostasis. Cell corpses are often engulfed by professional phagocytes such as macrophages. However, in some tissues with limited accessibility to circulating cells, engulfment is carried out by neighboring non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells. Here, we investigate the mechanism of corpse clearance in the Drosophila melanogaster ovary, a tissue that is closed to circulating cells. In degenerating egg chambers, dying germline cells are engulfed by the surrounding somatic follicular epithelium by unknown mechanisms. We show that the JNK pathway is activated and required in engulfing follicle cells. We find that the receptor Draper is also required in engulfing follicle cells, and activates the JNK pathway. Overexpression of Draper or the JNK pathway in follicle cells is sufficient to induce death of the underlying germline, suggesting that there is coordination between the germline and follicular epithelium to promote germline cell death. Furthermore, activation of JNK bypasses the need for Draper in engulfment. The induction of JNK and Draper in follicle cells occurs independently of caspase activity in the germline, indicating that at least two pathways are necessary to coordinate germline cell death with engulfment by the somatic epithelium.
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11
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Zandi PP, Klein AP, Addington AM, Hetmanski JB, Roberts L, Peila R, Shrestha S, Shaw CK, Kiat HC, Langefeld CD, Beaty TH. Multilocus linkage analysis of the German asthma data. Genet Epidemiol 2002; 21 Suppl 1:S210-5. [PMID: 11793671 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.2001.21.s1.s210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed data from the German Asthma Genetics Group with three methods that utilize pedigree-specific nonparametric linkage scores to facilitate the search for multiple independent and interacting susceptibility loci. The three methods included a conditional analysis, logistic regression, and neural networks. Although there were differences, the three methods identified many of the same susceptibility loci. The most consistent evidence was provided for loci on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 9, and 15. Both the conditional and the logistic regression analyses suggested an epistatic relationship between loci on chromosomes 2 and 9. The logistic regression analysis further revealed evidence for locus heterogeneity between loci on chromosomes 6 and 15. Finally, the neural network analysis identified a potential locus on chromosome 17 that was not identified in the other analyses.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Asthma/epidemiology
- Asthma/genetics
- Child
- Chromosome Mapping/statistics & numerical data
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Epistasis, Genetic
- Female
- Genetic Heterogeneity
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Genetics, Population
- Germany
- Humans
- Male
- Neural Networks, Computer
- Statistics, Nonparametric
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Zandi
- Department of Mental Hygiene, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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12
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Chiu YF, Addington AM, Beaty TH, Klein AP, Liang KY. Multipoint linkage analysis under heterogeneity: incorporation of parametric and nonparametric approaches. Genet Epidemiol 2002; 21 Suppl 1:S55-60. [PMID: 11793735 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.2001.21.s1.s55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using a recently developed multipoint parametric method, which tests for linkage in the presence of heterogeneity, we performed a genome-wide search for linkage using the German asthma data. Both dominant and recessive models were assumed in this parametric approach. Identity-by-descent (IBD) sharing for affected sibs was also calculated to help identify an appropriate genetic model and localize the trait locus. The strongest evidence for linkage was on chromosome 6 (p-value = 0.00006) under the dominant model with heterogeneity. Using both linkage and IBD sharing information for D6S422 (36.55 cM) on chromosome 6, we conducted exploratory analyses to locate additional trait loci that might explain the linkage heterogeneity. We found evidence of heterogeneity between D6S422 and D11S4111 based on a test of association (p-value = 0.0015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Chiu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, CB #7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
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13
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Klein AP, Hruban RH, Brune KA, Petersen GM, Goggins M. Familial pancreatic cancer. Cancer J 2001; 7:266-73. [PMID: 11561603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States and will be responsible for an estimated 28,900 deaths in 2001. Relatively little is known of its etiology, and the only well-established risk factor is cigarette smoking. Studies over the past 3 decades have shown that 4%-16% of patients with pancreatic cancer have a family history of the disease. A small fraction of this aggregation can be accounted for in inherited cancer syndromes, including familial atypical multiple-mole melanoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, hereditary breast-ovarian cancer, hereditary pancreatitis, and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. These syndromes arise as a result of germline mutations in the BRCA2, pl6 (familial atypical multiple-mole melanoma), mismatch repair (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer), and STK11 (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome) genes. In addition, hereditary plays a role in predisposing certain patients with apparently sporadic pancreatic cancer. Many patients with pancreatic cancers caused by a germline mutation in a cancer-causing gene do not have a pedigree that is suggestive of a familial cancer syndrome. A recent prospective analysis of the pedigrees in the National Familial Pancreatic Tumor Registry found that individuals with a family history of pancreatic cancer in multiple first-degree relatives have a high risk of pancreatic cancer themselves. The identification of such high-risk individuals will help clinicians target screening programs and develop preventive interventions with the hope of reducing the mortality of pancreatic cancer in these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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14
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15
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Mandal DM, Sorant AJ, Pugh EW, Marcus SE, Klein AP, Mathias RA, O'Neill J, Temiyakarn LF, Wilson AF, Bailey-Wilson JE. Environmental covariates: effects on the power of sib-pair linkage methods. Genet Epidemiol 1999; 17 Suppl 1:S643-8. [PMID: 10597507 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.13701707105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The effect of inclusion of environmental risk factors on the power of sib-pair linkage methods was tested for a qualitative trait. It was found that inclusion of an environmental variable did not increase the power of the Haseman-Elston (H-E) sib-pair nonparametric linkage analysis test. However, a significant increase in power was observed for both the H-E and affected-sib-pair tests, even in small samples, when persons unexposed to the environmental risk factor were coded as unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Mandal
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, USA
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16
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Juo SH, Pugh EW, Baffoe-Bonnie A, Kingman A, Sorant AJ, Klein AP, O'Neill J, Mathias RA, Wilson AF, Bailey-Wilson JE. Possible linkage of alcoholism, monoamine oxidase activity and P300 amplitude to markers on chromosome 12q24. Genet Epidemiol 1999; 17 Suppl 1:S193-8. [PMID: 10597435 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.1370170733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Multipoint linkage analysis was used to screen for evidence of linkage between alcoholism and five alcoholism-related quantitative traits. The results suggest that a susceptibility locus that influences monoamine oxidase activity and P300 amplitude at the Pz lead, and increases the risk of alcohol dependence may be linked to markers in the 12q24 region. Furthermore, the susceptibility for alcoholism may be associated with allele 3 (allele size 144) of D12S392.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Juo
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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