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Spoor JKH, den Braber M, Dirven CMF, Pennycuick A, Bartkova J, Bartek J, van Dis V, van den Bosch TPP, Leenstra S, Venkatesan S. Investigating chromosomal instability in long-term survivors with glioblastoma and grade 4 astrocytoma. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1218297. [PMID: 38260852 PMCID: PMC10800987 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1218297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Only a small group of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) survives more than 36 months, so-called long-term survivors. Recent studies have shown that chromosomal instability (CIN) plays a prognostic and predictive role among different cancer types. Here, we compared histological (chromosome missegregation) and bioinformatic metrics (CIN signatures) of CIN in tumors of GBM typical survivors (≤36 months overall survival), GBM long-term survivors and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant grade 4 astrocytomas. Methods Tumor sections of all gliomas were examined for anaphases and chromosome missegregation. Further CIN signature activity analysis in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-GBM cohort was performed. Results Our data show that chromosome missegregation is pervasive in high grade gliomas and is not different between the 3 groups. We find only limited evidence of altered CIN levels in tumors of GBM long-term survivors relative to the other groups, since a significant depletion in CIN signature 11 relative to GBM typical survivors was the only alteration detected. In contrast, within IDH-mutant grade 4 astrocytomas we detected a significant enrichment of CIN signature 5 and 10 activities and a depletion of CIN signature 1 activity relative to tumors of GBM typical survivors. Conclusions Our data suggest that CIN is pervasive in high grade gliomas, however this is unlikely to be a major contributor to the phenomenon of long-term survivorship in GBM. Nevertheless, further evaluation of specific types of CIN (signatures) could have prognostic value in patients suffering from grade 4 gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem K. H. Spoor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - May den Braber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Clemens M. F. Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jirina Bartkova
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vera van Dis
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Sieger Leenstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Subramanian Venkatesan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Oncology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Barnes JL, Yoshida M, He P, Worlock KB, Lindeboom RGH, Suo C, Pett JP, Wilbrey-Clark A, Dann E, Mamanova L, Richardson L, Polanski K, Pennycuick A, Allen-Hyttinen J, Herczeg IT, Arzili R, Hynds RE, Teixeira VH, Haniffa M, Lim K, Sun D, Rawlins EL, Oliver AJ, Lyons PA, Marioni JC, Ruhrberg C, Tuong ZK, Clatworthy MR, Reading JL, Janes SM, Teichmann SA, Meyer KB, Nikolić MZ. Early human lung immune cell development and its role in epithelial cell fate. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf9988. [PMID: 38100545 PMCID: PMC7615868 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf9988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies of human lung development have focused on epithelial and mesenchymal cell types and function, but much less is known about the developing lung immune cells, even though the airways are a major site of mucosal immunity after birth. An unanswered question is whether tissue-resident immune cells play a role in shaping the tissue as it develops in utero. Here, we profiled human embryonic and fetal lung immune cells using scRNA-seq, smFISH, and immunohistochemistry. At the embryonic stage, we observed an early wave of innate immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, myeloid cells, and lineage progenitors. By the canalicular stage, we detected naive T lymphocytes expressing high levels of cytotoxicity genes and the presence of mature B lymphocytes, including B-1 cells. Our analysis suggests that fetal lungs provide a niche for full B cell maturation. Given the presence and diversity of immune cells during development, we also investigated their possible effect on epithelial maturation. We found that IL-1β drives epithelial progenitor exit from self-renewal and differentiation to basal cells in vitro. In vivo, IL-1β-producing myeloid cells were found throughout the lung and adjacent to epithelial tips, suggesting that immune cells may direct human lung epithelial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine L Barnes
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peng He
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kaylee B Worlock
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rik G H Lindeboom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chenqu Suo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Patrick Pett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Emma Dann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lira Mamanova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Enhanc3D Genomics Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Richardson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Adam Pennycuick
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Iván T Herczeg
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Romina Arzili
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre Of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vitor H Teixeira
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kyungtae Lim
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawei Sun
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda J Oliver
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John C Marioni
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James L Reading
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre Of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Tumour Immunodynamics and Interception Laboratory, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre Of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Physics/Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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3
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Maughan EF, Hynds RE, Pennycuick A, Nigro E, Gowers KH, Denais C, Gómez-López S, Lazarus KA, Orr JC, Pearce DR, Clarke SE, Lee DDH, Woodall MN, Masonou T, Case KM, Teixeira VH, Hartley BE, Hewitt RJ, Al Yaghchi C, Sandhu GS, Birchall MA, O’Callaghan C, Smith CM, De Coppi P, Butler CR, Janes SM. Cell-intrinsic differences between human airway epithelial cells from children and adults. iScience 2022; 25:105409. [PMID: 36388965 PMCID: PMC9664344 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is a protective barrier that is maintained by the self-renewal and differentiation of basal stem cells. Increasing age is a principle risk factor for chronic lung diseases, but few studies have explored age-related molecular or functional changes in the airway epithelium. We retrieved epithelial biopsies from histologically normal tracheobronchial sites from pediatric and adult donors and compared their cellular composition and gene expression profile (in laser capture-microdissected whole epithelium, fluorescence-activated cell-sorted basal cells, and basal cells in cell culture). Histologically, pediatric and adult tracheobronchial epithelium was similar in composition. We observed age-associated changes in RNA sequencing studies, including higher interferon-associated gene expression in pediatric epithelium. In cell culture, pediatric cells had higher colony formation ability, sustained in vitro growth, and outcompeted adult cells in a direct competitive proliferation assay. Our results demonstrate cell-intrinsic differences between airway epithelial cells from children and adults in both homeostatic and proliferative states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F. Maughan
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Robert E. Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Kate H.C. Gowers
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Celine Denais
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Sandra Gómez-López
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Kyren A. Lazarus
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Jessica C. Orr
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - David R. Pearce
- University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sarah E. Clarke
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Dani Do Hyang Lee
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 1EH, UK
| | - Maximillian N.J. Woodall
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 1EH, UK
| | - Tereza Masonou
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 1EH, UK
| | - Katie-Marie Case
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 1EH, UK
| | - Vitor H. Teixeira
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | | | | | - Chadwan Al Yaghchi
- The National Centre for Airway Reconstruction, Department of Otolaryngology, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Gurpreet S. Sandhu
- The National Centre for Airway Reconstruction, Department of Otolaryngology, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Martin A. Birchall
- University College London Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Christopher O’Callaghan
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 1EH, UK
| | - Claire M. Smith
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 1EH, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Colin R. Butler
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
- Tracheal Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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4
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Millar FR, Pennycuick A, Muir M, Quintanilla A, Hari P, Freyer E, Gautier P, Meynert A, Grimes G, Coll CS, Zdral S, Victorelli S, Teixeira VH, Connelly J, Passos JF, Ros MA, Wallace WAH, Frame MC, Sims AH, Boulter L, Janes SM, Wilkinson S, Acosta JC. Toll-like receptor 2 orchestrates a tumor suppressor response in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111596. [PMID: 36351380 PMCID: PMC10197427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting early-stage lung cancer is vital to improve survival. However, the mechanisms and components of the early tumor suppressor response in lung cancer are not well understood. In this report, we study the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a regulator of oncogene-induced senescence, which is a key tumor suppressor response in premalignancy. Using human lung cancer samples and genetically engineered mouse models, we show that TLR2 is active early in lung tumorigenesis, where it correlates with improved survival and clinical regression. Mechanistically, TLR2 impairs early lung cancer progression via activation of cell intrinsic cell cycle arrest pathways and the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP regulates non-cell autonomous anti-tumor responses, such as immune surveillance of premalignant cells, and we observe impaired myeloid cell recruitment to lung tumors after Tlr2 loss. Last, we show that administration of a TLR2 agonist reduces lung tumor growth, highlighting TLR2 as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser R Millar
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Morwenna Muir
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Andrea Quintanilla
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), C/ Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Priya Hari
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Elisabeth Freyer
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Philippe Gautier
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Alison Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Graeme Grimes
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Carla Salomo Coll
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Sofia Zdral
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), C/ Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Stella Victorelli
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vitor H Teixeira
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - John Connelly
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; Department of Pathology, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - João F Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marian A Ros
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), C/ Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Andrew H Sims
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Simon Wilkinson
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - Juan Carlos Acosta
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), C/ Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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5
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Pennycuick A, Selway H, Lam J, Khan K. 331P Predicting outcomes following colorectal cancer resection: Using real-world data to empower adjuvant treatment decision making. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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6
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Gowers KH, Clarke SE, Syaraf AH, Yoshida K, Przybilla MJ, Selway H, Pennycuick A, Campbell PJ, Janes SM. Abstract 3158: Defining the mechanisms that lead to mutational heterogeneity in the normal respiratory epithelium. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It is well established that tobacco smoking causes lung cancer and this is thought to be the result of a progressive accumulation of genomic mutations induced by tobacco smoke exposure; however, until recently a detailed understanding of the effects of smoke exposure on the genomes of cells in the normal bronchial epithelium was lacking.
To address this, we defined the genomic architecture of normal airway basal cells in children and non-smoking, smoking and ex-smoking adults. We discovered two populations of basal cells in individuals with a smoking history: those with high mutational burden, driver gene mutations and tobacco-associated mutational signatures, and those with low mutational burden, similar to basal cells from never smokers and with an absence of mutational signatures associated with tobacco exposure. These cells expand preferentially in ex-smokers, accounting for 20-40% of basal cells compared with 2-5% in current smokers. We hypothesise that these cells are cancer-protective and their expansion reduces the risk of lung cancer development after smoking cessation.
Understanding the functional differences between high- and low-mutant airway basal cells and the mechanisms by which some cells resist the accumulation of smoking-induced mutations will be crucial to understanding the earliest stages of lung carcinogenesis.
To address this, we performed RNAseq on a subset of whole-genome sequenced airway basal cells. Preliminary data show that expression of markers of stemness is significantly different between high- and low-mutant basal cells. In addition, initial analysis shows that pathways such as carcinogen metabolism and MHC class I antigen presentation are higher in high-mutant basal cells. Further analysis in more patients is ongoing. To complement these data, we expanded whole-genome sequenced basal cell clones in culture and performed a range of assays to assess their progenitor and differentiation capacity. We assessed proliferation, colony-forming efficiency, longevity and differentiation and found no apparent differences between low- and high-mutant basal cells.
Initial analysis suggests that carcinogen metabolism and MHC class I antigen presentation may be key pathways in establishing heterogeneity in mutational burden and clonal dynamics in the normal airway epithelium. Additional assays and analysis are ongoing and will be the focus of future research.
Citation Format: Kate H. Gowers, Sarah E. Clarke, Ayu Hutami Syaraf, Kenichi Yoshida, Moritz J. Przybilla, Hugh Selway, Adam Pennycuick, Peter J. Campbell, Sam M. Janes. Defining the mechanisms that lead to mutational heterogeneity in the normal respiratory epithelium [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3158.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hugh Selway
- 1University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sam M. Janes
- 1University College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Venkatesan S, Angelova M, Puttick C, Zhai H, Caswell DR, Lu WT, Dietzen M, Galanos P, Evangelou K, Bellelli R, Lim EL, Watkins TB, Rowan A, Teixeira VH, Zhao Y, Chen H, Ngo B, Zalmas LP, Bakir MA, Hobor S, Gronroos E, Pennycuick A, Nigro E, Campbell BB, Brown WL, Akarca AU, Marafioti T, Wu MY, Howell M, Boulton SJ, Bertoli C, Fenton TR, de Bruin RA, Maya-Mendoza A, Santoni-Rugiu E, Hynds RE, Gorgoulis VG, Jamal-Hanjani M, McGranahan N, Harris RS, Janes SM, Bartkova J, Bakhoum SF, Bartek J, Kanu N, Swanton C. Induction of APOBEC3 Exacerbates DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Early Breast and Lung Cancer Evolution. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2456-2473. [PMID: 33947663 PMCID: PMC8487921 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
APOBEC3 enzymes are cytosine deaminases implicated in cancer. Precisely when APOBEC3 expression is induced during cancer development remains to be defined. Here we show that specific APOBEC3 genes are upregulated in breast ductal carcinoma in situ, and in preinvasive lung cancer lesions coincident with cellular proliferation. We observe evidence of APOBEC3-mediated subclonal mutagenesis propagated from TRACERx preinvasive to invasive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lesions. We find that APOBEC3B exacerbates DNA replication stress and chromosomal instability through incomplete replication of genomic DNA, manifested by accumulation of mitotic ultrafine bridges and 53BP1 nuclear bodies in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Analysis of TRACERx NSCLC clinical samples and mouse lung cancer models revealed APOBEC3B expression driving replication stress and chromosome missegregation. We propose that APOBEC3 is functionally implicated in the onset of chromosomal instability and somatic mutational heterogeneity in preinvasive disease, providing fuel for selection early in cancer evolution. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals the dynamics and drivers of APOBEC3 gene expression in preinvasive disease and the exacerbation of cellular diversity by APOBEC3B through DNA replication stress to promote chromosomal instability early in cancer evolution.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2355.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Venkatesan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Angelova
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Puttick
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haoran Zhai
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah R. Caswell
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Ting Lu
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Dietzen
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Galanos
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Roberto Bellelli
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia L. Lim
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B.K. Watkins
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vitor H. Teixeira
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bryan Ngo
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastijan Hobor
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Gronroos
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brittany B. Campbell
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - William L. Brown
- Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, USA; Institute for Molecular Virology, Minneapolis, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, Minneapolis, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Ayse U. Akarca
- Department of Histopathology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Histopathology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Y. Wu
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Boulton
- DSB Repair Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim R. Fenton
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Robertus A.M. de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric Santoni-Rugiu
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert E. Hynds
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben S. Harris
- Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, USA; Institute for Molecular Virology, Minneapolis, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, Minneapolis, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jirina Bartkova
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel F. Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nnennaya Kanu
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Succony L, Gómez-López S, Pennycuick A, Alhendi ASN, Davies D, Clarke SE, Gowers KHC, Wright NA, Jensen KB, Janes SM. Lrig1 expression identifies airway basal cells with high proliferative capacity and restricts lung squamous cell carcinoma growth. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.00816-2020. [PMID: 34385275 PMCID: PMC8968013 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00816-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) accounts for a significant proportion of cancer deaths worldwide, and is preceded by the appearance of progressively disorganised pre-invasive lesions in the airway epithelium. Yet the biological mechanisms underlying progression of pre-invasive lesions into invasive LUSC are not fully understood. LRIG1 (leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1) is downregulated in pre-invasive airway lesions and invasive LUSC tumours and this correlates with decreased lung cancer patient survival. Methods and results Using an Lrig1 knock-in reporter mouse and human airway epithelial cells collected at bronchoscopy, we show that during homeostasis LRIG1 is heterogeneously expressed in the airway epithelium. In basal airway epithelial cells, the suspected cell of origin of LUSC, LRIG1 identifies a subpopulation of progenitor cells with higher in vitro proliferative and self-renewal potential in both the mouse and human. Using the N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea (NTCU)-induced murine model of LUSC, we find that Lrig1 loss-of-function leads to abnormally high cell proliferation during the earliest stages of pre-invasive disease and to the formation of significantly larger invasive tumours, suggesting accelerated disease progression. Conclusion Together, our findings identify LRIG1 as a marker of basal airway progenitor cells with high proliferative potential and as a regulator of pre-invasive lung cancer progression. This work highlights the clinical relevance of LRIG1 and the potential of the NTCU-induced LUSC model for functional assessment of candidate tumour suppressors and oncogenes. LRIG1 is lost in development of squamous cell lung cancers. This study shows that LRIG1 marks basal airway progenitor cells with high proliferative potential and regulates progression of pre-invasive squamous cell lung cancer.https://bit.ly/3AbPtY3
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Succony
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sandra Gómez-López
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmed S N Alhendi
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek Davies
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Clarke
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kate H C Gowers
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas A Wright
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
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9
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Pennycuick A, Teixeira VH, AbdulJabbar K, Raza SEA, Lund T, Akarca AU, Rosenthal R, Kalinke L, Chandrasekharan DP, Pipinikas CP, Lee-Six H, Hynds RE, Gowers KHC, Henry JY, Millar FR, Hagos YB, Denais C, Falzon M, Moore DA, Antoniou S, Durrenberger PF, Furness AJ, Carroll B, Marceaux C, Asselin-Labat ML, Larson W, Betts C, Coussens LM, Thakrar RM, George J, Swanton C, Thirlwell C, Campbell PJ, Marafioti T, Yuan Y, Quezada SA, McGranahan N, Janes SM. Immune Surveillance in Clinical Regression of Preinvasive Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1489-1499. [PMID: 32690541 PMCID: PMC7611527 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Before squamous cell lung cancer develops, precancerous lesions can be found in the airways. From longitudinal monitoring, we know that only half of such lesions become cancer, whereas a third spontaneously regress. Although recent studies have described the presence of an active immune response in high-grade lesions, the mechanisms underpinning clinical regression of precancerous lesions remain unknown. Here, we show that host immune surveillance is strongly implicated in lesion regression. Using bronchoscopic biopsies from human subjects, we find that regressive carcinoma in situ lesions harbor more infiltrating immune cells than those that progress to cancer. Moreover, molecular profiling of these lesions identifies potential immune escape mechanisms specifically in those that progress to cancer: antigen presentation is impaired by genomic and epigenetic changes, CCL27-CCR10 signaling is upregulated, and the immunomodulator TNFSF9 is downregulated. Changes appear intrinsic to the carcinoma in situ lesions, as the adjacent stroma of progressive and regressive lesions are transcriptomically similar. SIGNIFICANCE: Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer. For the first time, this study identifies mechanisms by which precancerous lesions evade immune detection during the earliest stages of carcinogenesis and forms a basis for new therapeutic strategies that treat or prevent early-stage lung cancer.See related commentary by Krysan et al., p. 1442.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1426.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vitor H Teixeira
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid AbdulJabbar
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shan E Ahmed Raza
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Lund
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Manchester Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ayse U Akarca
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Rosenthal
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Kalinke
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak P Chandrasekharan
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Henry Lee-Six
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate H C Gowers
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Y Henry
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fraser R Millar
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yeman B Hagos
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Denais
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Falzon
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A Moore
- UCL Manchester Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Antoniou
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal F Durrenberger
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Furness
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette Carroll
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Marceaux
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Knight Cancer Institute, Cancer Early Detection and Advanced Research (CEDAR) Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - William Larson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Courtney Betts
- Knight Cancer Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Knight Cancer Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ricky M Thakrar
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy George
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Swanton
- UCL Manchester Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Thirlwell
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Campbell
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Manchester Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom.
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
- UCL Manchester Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Yoshida K, Gowers KHC, Lee-Six H, Chandrasekharan DP, Coorens T, Maughan EF, Beal K, Menzies A, Millar FR, Anderson E, Clarke SE, Pennycuick A, Thackeray RM, Butler CR, Kakiuchi N, Hirano T, Hynds RE, Stratton MR, Martincorena I, Janes SM, Campbell PJ. Abstract 2342: Tobacco exposure and somatic mutations in normal bronchial epithelia. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, of which 80-90% are attributed to tobacco smoking. Our understanding of how tobacco exposure affects mutational burden, mutational signatures, driver mutations and clonal dynamics in normal lung tissue is limited. Also, genetic differences between normal cells and cancer cells in lung has not been fully elucidated.
Methods
To access the landscape of somatic mutations in normal bronchial epithelia, we sequenced whole genomes of 632 single-cell-derived colonies of lung basal cells from 16 patients, including 3 children, 4 never-smokers, 6 ex-smokers and 3 current smokers. Five patients had squamous cell carcinomas or carcinoma in situ, which we also sequenced to compare the genetic alteration between normal and cancer cells.
Results
A positive correlation between the number of base substitutions and age was observed, and 22 somatic mutations accumulated per year (95% confidence interval:20-25; P=10−8). Previous or current smoking significantly increased mutational burden: 2330 substitutions in ex-smokers and 5300 in current smokers. In addition, tobacco smoking is massively increasing both between-subject and within-subject variance of mutation burden. A population of cells in subjects with smoking history had mutation burdens equivalent to that expected for never-smokers: these cells had less damage from tobacco-specific mutational processes, and were four-fold more frequent in ex-smokers than current smokers. Signature analysis revealed that the same mutational signatures seen in lung cancers operate both in patients with and without smoking history: endogeneous signatures, including COSMIC signatures 1 and 5, and APOBEC-related signatures. Three mutational signatures were largely restricted to current or ex-smokers, including known smoking-related COSMIC signature 4 characterized by C>A transversions, signature 16 characterized by T>C mutations with extremely strong transcription strand bias and a new signature characterized by T>A and T>C mutations. dN/dS method identified driver genes in normal bronchial epithelium, including NOTCH1, TP53 and FAT1, which were overlapped with those seen in squamous cell lung cancers and other normal squamous tissues such as esophagus and skin. Driver mutations increased in frequency with age, affecting 4-14% of cells in middle-aged never-smokers. In current smokers, ≥25% of cells carried driver mutations and 0-6% cells had 2 or even 3 drivers. Layering driver mutations onto phylogenetic trees revealed that driver mutations occurred in early life. Compared to the normal bronchial epithelial cells, lung cancers and precancerous lesions were characterized by extensive copy number changes or structural variants and distinct set of driver mutations.
Conclusions
Tobacco smoking increases mutation burden, cell-to-cell heterogeneity and driver mutations. Our data of genetic lesions in normal bronchial cells provides insights into genetic alterations that drive carcinogenesis in lung.
Citation Format: Kenichi Yoshida, Kate HC Gowers, Henry Lee-Six, Deepak P. Chandrasekharan, Tim Coorens, Elizabeth F. Maughan, Kathryn Beal, Andrew Menzies, Fraser R. Millar, Elizabeth Anderson, Sarah E. Clarke, Adam Pennycuick, Ricky M. Thackeray, Colin R. Butler, Nobuyuki Kakiuchi, Tomonori Hirano, Robert E. Hynds, Michael R. Stratton, Inigo Martincorena, Sam M. Janes, Peter J. Campbell. Tobacco exposure and somatic mutations in normal bronchial epithelia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2342.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henry Lee-Six
- 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tim Coorens
- 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kathryn Beal
- 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Menzies
- 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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11
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Pennycuick A, Janes SM. On the Origin of Lung Cancers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:646-647. [PMID: 31801024 PMCID: PMC7068817 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201911-2176ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research CentreUniversity College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research CentreUniversity College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
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12
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Yoshida K, Gowers KHC, Lee-Six H, Chandrasekharan DP, Coorens T, Maughan EF, Beal K, Menzies A, Millar FR, Anderson E, Clarke SE, Pennycuick A, Thakrar RM, Butler CR, Kakiuchi N, Hirano T, Hynds RE, Stratton MR, Martincorena I, Janes SM, Campbell PJ. Tobacco smoking and somatic mutations in human bronchial epithelium. Nature 2020; 578:266-272. [PMID: 31996850 PMCID: PMC7021511 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking causes lung cancer1-3, a process that is driven by more than 60 carcinogens in cigarette smoke that directly damage and mutate DNA4,5. The profound effects of tobacco on the genome of lung cancer cells are well-documented6-10, but equivalent data for normal bronchial cells are lacking. Here we sequenced whole genomes of 632 colonies derived from single bronchial epithelial cells across 16 subjects. Tobacco smoking was the major influence on mutational burden, typically adding from 1,000 to 10,000 mutations per cell; massively increasing the variance both within and between subjects; and generating several distinct mutational signatures of substitutions and of insertions and deletions. A population of cells in individuals with a history of smoking had mutational burdens that were equivalent to those expected for people who had never smoked: these cells had less damage from tobacco-specific mutational processes, were fourfold more frequent in ex-smokers than current smokers and had considerably longer telomeres than their more-mutated counterparts. Driver mutations increased in frequency with age, affecting 4-14% of cells in middle-aged subjects who had never smoked. In current smokers, at least 25% of cells carried driver mutations and 0-6% of cells had two or even three drivers. Thus, tobacco smoking increases mutational burden, cell-to-cell heterogeneity and driver mutations, but quitting promotes replenishment of the bronchial epithelium from mitotically quiescent cells that have avoided tobacco mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Yoshida
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kate H C Gowers
- Lungs For Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henry Lee-Six
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Tim Coorens
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Elizabeth F Maughan
- Lungs For Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Beal
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Andrew Menzies
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Fraser R Millar
- Lungs For Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah E Clarke
- Lungs For Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs For Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ricky M Thakrar
- Lungs For Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Colin R Butler
- Lungs For Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirano
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs For Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs For Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Teixeira VH, Pipinikas CP, Pennycuick A, Lee-Six H, Chandrasekharan D, Beane J, Morris TJ, Karpathakis A, Feber A, Breeze CE, Ntolios P, Hynds RE, Falzon M, Capitanio A, Carroll B, Durrenberger PF, Hardavella G, Brown JM, Lynch AG, Farmery H, Paul DS, Chambers RC, McGranahan N, Navani N, Thakrar RM, Swanton C, Beck S, George PJ, Spira A, Campbell PJ, Thirlwell C, Janes SM. Deciphering the genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic landscapes of pre-invasive lung cancer lesions. Nat Med 2019; 25:517-525. [PMID: 30664780 PMCID: PMC7614970 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The molecular alterations that occur in cells before cancer is manifest are largely uncharted. Lung carcinoma in situ (CIS) lesions are the pre-invasive precursor to squamous cell carcinoma. Although microscopically identical, their future is in equipoise, with half progressing to invasive cancer and half regressing or remaining static. The cellular basis of this clinical observation is unknown. Here, we profile the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic landscape of CIS in a unique patient cohort with longitudinally monitored pre-invasive disease. Predictive modeling identifies which lesions will progress with remarkable accuracy. We identify progression-specific methylation changes on a background of widespread heterogeneity, alongside a strong chromosomal instability signature. We observed mutations and copy number changes characteristic of cancer and chart their emergence, offering a window into early carcinogenesis. We anticipate that this new understanding of cancer precursor biology will improve early detection, reduce overtreatment, and foster preventative therapies targeting early clonal events in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Teixeira
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christodoulos P Pipinikas
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- Research Department of Cancer Biology and Medical Genomics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henry Lee-Six
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Deepak Chandrasekharan
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Beane
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany J Morris
- Research Department of Cancer Biology and Medical Genomics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Karpathakis
- Research Department of Cancer Biology and Medical Genomics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Feber
- Research Department of Cancer Biology and Medical Genomics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charles E Breeze
- Research Department of Cancer Biology and Medical Genomics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paschalis Ntolios
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mary Falzon
- Department of Pathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Arrigo Capitanio
- Department of Pathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Bernadette Carroll
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pascal F Durrenberger
- Center for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Georgia Hardavella
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - James M Brown
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andy G Lynch
- Computational Biology and Statistics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
- School of Medicine/School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Henry Farmery
- Computational Biology and Statistics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dirk S Paul
- Research Department of Cancer Biology and Medical Genomics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Center for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Neal Navani
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ricky M Thakrar
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Stephan Beck
- Research Department of Cancer Biology and Medical Genomics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Johnson and Johnson Innovation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Campbell
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Christina Thirlwell
- Research Department of Cancer Biology and Medical Genomics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
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14
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Bonaccorsi-Riani E, Pennycuick A, Londoño MC, Lozano JJ, Benítez C, Sawitzki B, Martínez-Picola M, Bohne F, Martínez-Llordella M, Miquel R, Rimola A, Sánchez-Fueyo A. Molecular Characterization of Acute Cellular Rejection Occurring During Intentional Immunosuppression Withdrawal in Liver Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:484-96. [PMID: 26517400 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection occurs frequently during the first few weeks following liver transplantation. During this period, its molecular phenotype is confounded by peri- and postoperative proinflammatory events. To unambiguously define the molecular profile associated with rejection, we collected sequential biological specimens from 55 patients at least 3 years after liver transplantation who developed rejection during trials of intentional immunosuppression withdrawal. We analyzed liver tissue and blood samples obtained before initiation of drug withdrawal and at rejection, alongside blood samples collected during the weaning process. Gene expression profiling was conducted using whole-genome microarrays and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Rejection resulted in distinct blood and liver tissue transcriptional changes in patients who were either positive or negative for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Gene expression changes were mostly independent from pharmacological immunosuppression, and their magnitude correlated with severity of histological damage. Differential expression of a subset of genes overlapped across all conditions. These were used to define a blood predictive model that accurately identified rejection in HCV-negative, but not HCV-positive, patients. Changes were detectable 1-2 mo before rejection was diagnosed. Our results provide insight into the molecular processes underlying acute cellular rejection in liver transplantation and help clarify the potential utility and limitations of transcriptional biomarkers in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bonaccorsi-Riani
- Department of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - A Pennycuick
- Department of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - M-C Londoño
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomedicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Networked Biomedical Research Centre of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J-J Lozano
- Bioinformatics Platform, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Benítez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomedicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Networked Biomedical Research Centre of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Sawitzki
- AG Transplantationstoleranz, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Institut für Med. Immunologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Martínez-Picola
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomedicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Networked Biomedical Research Centre of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Bohne
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Martínez-Llordella
- Department of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - R Miquel
- Department of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - A Rimola
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomedicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Networked Biomedical Research Centre of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Fueyo
- Department of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.,Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomedicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Networked Biomedical Research Centre of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Pennycuick A, Suddle AR, Villanueva A. Transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma--worth waiting for? Liver Transpl 2014; 20:871-3. [PMID: 24975123 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pennycuick
- Institute of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Pennycuick A, Simpson T, Crawley D, Lal R, Santis G, Cane P, Tobal K, Spicer J. Routine EGFR and KRAS Mutation analysis using COLD-PCR in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Clin Pract 2012; 66:748-752. [PMID: 22805266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.02961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonists are particularly active in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with tumours bearing mutations in the EFGR gene. EGFR mutation prevalence is very low in squamous histology. Response rates using these drugs in patients with KRAS mutations are low, so available KRAS mutation information may aid treatment selection in the second-line setting. Since 2009, patients presenting to this hospital with non-squamous histology have been routinely screened for mutations in both the EGFR and KRAS genes, with results used to inform treatment. We present an analysis of 215 consecutive patients for whom EGFR mutation analysis was informative. Methodology: EGFR and KRAS mutations were identified using a COLD-PCR technique confirmed with sequencing, which makes no prior assumption about location of specific mutations. Results were correlated with clinical and demographic data from hospital records, where available. Results: The prevalence of patients with EGFR mutations was 14% and for KRAS mutations it was 27%. Despite the conventional understanding that EGFR and KRAS mutations are mutually exclusive, we identified two dual mutations. Of 29 patients identified with mutated EGFR, there were 3/8/8/10 mutations in exons 18/19/20/21 respectively. Exon 20 mutations were identified in a proportion exceeding many other series because of the unbiased mutation analysis used, and clinical benefit was seen in some of these. Of 23 different EGFR mutations identified, 11 have not previously been described in the literature. Conclusions: The high prevalence of EGFR, KRAS or both mutations (40%) in this non-squamous population tested in clinical practice supports a policy of routine screening for these mutations in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pennycuick
- School of Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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17
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Simpson T, Pennycuick A, Crawley D, Tobal K, Santis G. 46 Prevalence of EGFR and K-RAS mutation status in clinical practice - relationship to patient characteristics. Lung Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(11)70046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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