1
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Vicente-Arche LM, Bréhin J, Varotto S, Cosset-Cheneau M, Mallik S, Salazar R, Noël P, Vaz DC, Trier F, Bhattacharya S, Sander A, Le Fèvre P, Bertran F, Saiz G, Ménard G, Bergeal N, Barthélémy A, Li H, Lin CC, Nikonov DE, Young IA, Rault JE, Vila L, Attané JP, Bibes M. Spin-Charge Interconversion in KTaO 3 2D Electron Gases. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2102102. [PMID: 34499763 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxide interfaces exhibit a broad range of physical effects stemming from broken inversion symmetry. In particular, they can display non-reciprocal phenomena when time reversal symmetry is also broken, e.g., by the application of a magnetic field. Examples include the direct and inverse Edelstein effects (DEE, IEE) that allow the interconversion between spin currents and charge currents. The DEE and IEE have been investigated in interfaces based on the perovskite SrTiO3 (STO), albeit in separate studies focusing on one or the other. The demonstration of these effects remains mostly elusive in other oxide interface systems despite their blossoming in the last decade. Here, the observation of both the DEE and IEE in a new interfacial two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) based on the perovskite oxide KTaO3 is reported. 2DEGs are generated by the simple deposition of Al metal onto KTaO3 single crystals, characterized by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and magnetotransport, and shown to display the DEE through unidirectional magnetoresistance and the IEE by spin-pumping experiments. Their spin-charge interconversion efficiency is then compared with that of STO-based interfaces, related to the 2DEG electronic structure, and perspectives are given for the implementation of KTaO3 2DEGs into spin-orbitronic devices is compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Vicente-Arche
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Palaiseau, 91767, France
| | - Julien Bréhin
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Palaiseau, 91767, France
| | - Sara Varotto
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Palaiseau, 91767, France
| | - Maxen Cosset-Cheneau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SPINTEC, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Srijani Mallik
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Palaiseau, 91767, France
| | - Raphaël Salazar
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, 91192, France
| | - Paul Noël
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SPINTEC, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Diogo C Vaz
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Palaiseau, 91767, France
| | - Felix Trier
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Palaiseau, 91767, France
| | - Suvam Bhattacharya
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Palaiseau, 91767, France
| | - Anke Sander
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Palaiseau, 91767, France
| | - Patrick Le Fèvre
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, 91192, France
| | - François Bertran
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, 91192, France
| | - Guilhem Saiz
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75231, France
| | - Gerbold Ménard
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75231, France
| | - Nicolas Bergeal
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75231, France
| | - Agnès Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Palaiseau, 91767, France
| | - Hai Li
- Components Research, Intel Corp., Hillsboro, OR, 97124, USA
| | - Chia-Ching Lin
- Components Research, Intel Corp., Hillsboro, OR, 97124, USA
| | | | - Ian A Young
- Components Research, Intel Corp., Hillsboro, OR, 97124, USA
| | - Julien E Rault
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, 91192, France
| | - Laurent Vila
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SPINTEC, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Attané
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SPINTEC, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Palaiseau, 91767, France
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2
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Merbouche H, Boventer I, Haspot V, Fusil S, Garcia V, Gouéré D, Carrétéro C, Vecchiola A, Lebrun R, Bortolotti P, Vila L, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Anane A. Voltage-Controlled Reconfigurable Magnonic Crystal at the Sub-micrometer Scale. ACS Nano 2021; 15:9775-9781. [PMID: 34013720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroics offer an elegant means to implement voltage control and on the fly reconfigurability in microscopic, nanoscaled systems based on ferromagnetic materials. These properties are particularly interesting for the field of magnonics, where spin waves are used to perform advanced logical or analogue functions. Recently, the emergence of nanomagnonics is expected to eventually lead to the large-scale integration of magnonic devices. However, a compact voltage-controlled, on demand reconfigurable magnonic system has yet to be shown. Here, we introduce the combination of multiferroics with ferromagnets in a fully epitaxial heterostructure to achieve such voltage-controlled and reconfigurable magnonic systems. Imprinting a remnant electrical polarization in thin multiferroic BiFeO3 with a periodicity of 500 nm yields a modulation of the effective magnetic field in the micrometer-scale, ferromagnetic La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 magnonic waveguide. We evidence the magnetoelectric coupling by characterizing the spin wave propagation spectrum in this artificial, voltage induced, magnonic crystal and demonstrate the occurrence of a robust magnonic band gap with >20 dB rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Merbouche
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Isabella Boventer
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Victor Haspot
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Fusil
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Vincent Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Diane Gouéré
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cécile Carrétéro
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Aymeric Vecchiola
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Romain Lebrun
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Paolo Bortolotti
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Laurent Vila
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Spintec, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Agnès Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdelmadjid Anane
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
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3
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Noël P, Trier F, Vicente Arche LM, Bréhin J, Vaz DC, Garcia V, Fusil S, Barthélémy A, Vila L, Bibes M, Attané JP. Non-volatile electric control of spin-charge conversion in a SrTiO 3 Rashba system. Nature 2020; 580:483-486. [PMID: 32322081 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
After 50 years of development, the technology of today's electronics is approaching its physical limits, with feature sizes smaller than 10 nanometres. It is also becoming clear that the ever-increasing power consumption of information and communication systems1 needs to be contained. These two factors require the introduction of non-traditional materials and state variables. As recently highlighted2, the remanence associated with collective switching in ferroic systems is an appealing way to reduce power consumption. A promising approach is spintronics, which relies on ferromagnets to provide non-volatility and to generate and detect spin currents3. However, magnetization reversal by spin transfer torques4 is a power-consuming process. This is driving research on multiferroics to achieve low-power electric-field control of magnetization5, but practical materials are scarce and magnetoelectric switching remains difficult to control. Here we demonstrate an alternative strategy to achieve low-power spin detection, in a non-magnetic system. We harness the electric-field-induced ferroelectric-like state of strontium titanate (SrTiO3)6-9 to manipulate the spin-orbit properties10 of a two-dimensional electron gas11, and efficiently convert spin currents into positive or negative charge currents, depending on the polarization direction. This non-volatile effect opens the way to the electric-field control of spin currents and to ultralow-power spintronics, in which non-volatility would be provided by ferroelectricity rather than by ferromagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Noël
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, Grenoble, France.,ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Trier
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Luis M Vicente Arche
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Julien Bréhin
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Diogo C Vaz
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.,CIC Nanogune, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Vincent Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Fusil
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.,Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Agnès Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Laurent Vila
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.
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4
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Trier F, Vaz DC, Bruneel P, Noël P, Fert A, Vila L, Attané JP, Barthélémy A, Gabay M, Jaffrès H, Bibes M. Electric-Field Control of Spin Current Generation and Detection in Ferromagnet-Free SrTiO 3-Based Nanodevices. Nano Lett 2020; 20:395-401. [PMID: 31859513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spintronics entails the generation, transport, manipulation and detection of spin currents, usually in hybrid architectures comprising interfaces whose impact on performance is detrimental. In addition, how spins are generated and detected is generally material specific and determined by the electronic structure. Here, we demonstrate spin current generation, transport and electrical detection, all within a single non-magnetic material system: a SrTiO3 two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. We show that the spin current is generated from a charge current by the 2D spin Hall effect, transported through a channel and reconverted into a charge current by the inverse 2D spin Hall effect. Furthermore, by adjusting the Fermi energy with a gate voltage we tune the generated and detected spin polarization and relate it to the complex multiorbital band structure of the 2DEG. We discuss the leading mechanisms of the spin-charge interconversion processes and argue for the potential of quantum oxide materials for future all-electrical low-power spin-based logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Trier
- Unité Mixte de Physique , CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Diogo C Vaz
- Unité Mixte de Physique , CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Pierre Bruneel
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides UMR 8502 , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay , France
| | - Paul Noël
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Albert Fert
- Unité Mixte de Physique , CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Laurent Vila
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | - Agnès Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique , CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Marc Gabay
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides UMR 8502 , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay , France
| | - Henri Jaffrès
- Unité Mixte de Physique , CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique , CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
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5
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Vaz DC, Noël P, Johansson A, Göbel B, Bruno FY, Singh G, McKeown-Walker S, Trier F, Vicente-Arche LM, Sander A, Valencia S, Bruneel P, Vivek M, Gabay M, Bergeal N, Baumberger F, Okuno H, Barthélémy A, Fert A, Vila L, Mertig I, Attané JP, Bibes M. Mapping spin-charge conversion to the band structure in a topological oxide two-dimensional electron gas. Nat Mater 2019; 18:1187-1193. [PMID: 31501554 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While spintronics has traditionally relied on ferromagnetic metals as spin generators and detectors, spin-orbitronics exploits the efficient spin-charge interconversion enabled by spin-orbit coupling in non-magnetic systems. Although the Rashba picture of split parabolic bands is often used to interpret such experiments, it fails to explain the largest conversion effects and their relationship with the electronic structure. Here, we demonstrate a very large spin-to-charge conversion effect in an interface-engineered, high-carrier-density SrTiO3 two-dimensional electron gas and map its gate dependence on the band structure. We show that the conversion process is amplified by enhanced Rashba-like splitting due to orbital mixing and in the vicinity of avoided band crossings with topologically non-trivial order. Our results indicate that oxide two-dimensional electron gases are strong candidates for spin-based information readout in new memory and transistor designs. Our results also emphasize the promise of topology as a new ingredient to expand the scope of complex oxides for spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo C Vaz
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Paul Noël
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IRIG-Spintec, Grenoble, France
| | - Annika Johansson
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Börge Göbel
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Flavio Y Bruno
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Felix Trier
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Luis M Vicente-Arche
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anke Sander
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sergio Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Bruneel
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Manali Vivek
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marc Gabay
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Bergeal
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Felix Baumberger
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hanako Okuno
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM, Grenoble, France
| | - Agnès Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Albert Fert
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Laurent Vila
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IRIG-Spintec, Grenoble, France.
| | - Ingrid Mertig
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Attané
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IRIG-Spintec, Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.
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6
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Deliancourt E, Fabert M, Tonello A, Krupa K, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Kermene V, Millot G, Barthélémy A, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Wavefront shaping for optimized many-mode Kerr beam self-cleaning in graded-index multimode fiber. Opt Express 2019; 27:17311-17321. [PMID: 31252943 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental results, showing that the Kerr beam self-cleaning of many low-order modes in a graded-index multimode fiber can be controlled thanks to optimized wavefront shaping of the coherent excitation beam. Adaptive profiling of the transverse input phase was utilized for channeling the launched power towards a specific low-order fiber mode, by exploiting nonlinear coupling among all guided modes. Experiments were carried out with 7 ps pulses at 1064 nm injected in a five meters long multimode fiber operating in the normal dispersion regime. Optimized Kerr beam self-cleaning of five different LP modes is reported, with a power threshold that increases with the mode order.
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7
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Preziosi D, Lopez-Mir L, Li X, Cornelissen T, Lee JH, Trier F, Bouzehouane K, Valencia S, Gloter A, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. Direct Mapping of Phase Separation across the Metal-Insulator Transition of NdNiO 3. Nano Lett 2018; 18:2226-2232. [PMID: 29589952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite rare-earth nickelates RNiO3 are prototype correlated oxides displaying a metal-insulator transition (MIT) at a temperature tunable by the ionic radius of the rare-earth R. Although its precise origin remains a debated topic, the MIT can be exploited in various types of applications, notably for resistive switching and neuromorphic computation. So far, the MIT has been mostly studied by macroscopic techniques, and insights into its nanoscale mechanisms were only provided recently by X-ray photoemission electron microscopy through absorption line shifts, used as an indirect proxy to the resistive state. Here, we directly image the local resistance of NdNiO3 thin films across their first-order MIT using conductive-atomic force microscopy. Our resistance maps reveal the nucleation of ∼100-300 nm metallic domains in the insulating state that grow and percolate as temperature increases. We discuss the resistance contrast mechanism, analyze the microscopy and transport data within a percolation model, and propose experiments to harness this mesoscopic electronic texture in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Preziosi
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Laura Lopez-Mir
- ICMAB-CSIC Campus de la UAB , 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides Université Paris Sud, CNRS , Bât 510 , 91405 Orsay , France
| | - Tom Cornelissen
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Jin Hong Lee
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Felix Trier
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Karim Bouzehouane
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Sergio Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Alexandre Gloter
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides Université Paris Sud, CNRS , Bât 510 , 91405 Orsay , France
| | - Agnès Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
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8
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Vaz DC, Lesne E, Sander A, Naganuma H, Jacquet E, Santamaria J, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553560 DOI: 10.3791/56951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The quasi 2D electron system (q2DES) that forms at the interface between LaAlO3 (LAO) and SrTiO3 (STO) has attracted much attention from the oxide electronics community. One of its hallmark features is the existence of a critical LAO thickness of 4 unit-cells (uc) for interfacial conductivity to emerge. Although electrostatic mechanisms have been proposed in the past to describe the existence of this critical thickness, the importance of chemical defects has been recently accentuated. Here, we describe the growth of metal/LAO/STO heterostructures in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) cluster system combining pulsed laser deposition (to grow the LAO), magnetron sputtering (to grow the metal) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We study step by step the formation and evolution of the q2DES and the chemical interactions that occur between the metal and the LAO/STO. Additionally, magnetotransport experiments elucidate on the transport and electronic properties of the q2DES. This systematic work not only demonstrates a way to study the electrostatic and chemical interplay between the q2DES and its environment, but also unlocks the possibility to couple multifunctional capping layers with the rich physics observed in two-dimensional electron systems, allowing the fabrication of new types of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edouard Lesne
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Saclay; Max Planck Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik
| | - Anke Sander
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Hiroshi Naganuma
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Saclay; Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University
| | - Eric Jacquet
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Jacobo Santamaria
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Saclay; Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | | | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Saclay
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9
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Singh G, Jouan A, Benfatto L, Couëdo F, Kumar P, Dogra A, Budhani RC, Caprara S, Grilli M, Lesne E, Barthélémy A, Bibes M, Feuillet-Palma C, Lesueur J, Bergeal N. Competition between electron pairing and phase coherence in superconducting interfaces. Nat Commun 2018; 9:407. [PMID: 29379023 PMCID: PMC5789063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures, a gate tunable superconducting electron gas is confined in a quantum well at the interface between two insulating oxides. Remarkably, the gas coexists with both magnetism and strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling. However, both the origin of superconductivity and the nature of the transition to the normal state over the whole doping range remain elusive. Here we use resonant microwave transport to extract the superfluid stiffness and the superconducting gap energy of the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface as a function of carrier density. We show that the superconducting phase diagram of this system is controlled by the competition between electron pairing and phase coherence. The analysis of the superfluid density reveals that only a very small fraction of the electrons condenses into the superconducting state. We propose that this corresponds to the weak filling of high-energy dxz/dyz bands in the quantum well, more apt to host superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Singh
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités, 75005, Paris, France
| | - A Jouan
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités, 75005, Paris, France
| | - L Benfatto
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC-CNR), UOS Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - F Couëdo
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités, 75005, Paris, France
| | - P Kumar
- National Physical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - A Dogra
- National Physical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - R C Budhani
- Condensed Matter Low Dimensional Systems Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - S Caprara
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC-CNR), UOS Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - M Grilli
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC-CNR), UOS Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - E Lesne
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - A Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - C Feuillet-Palma
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités, 75005, Paris, France
| | - J Lesueur
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités, 75005, Paris, France
| | - N Bergeal
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France.
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités, 75005, Paris, France.
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10
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Guenard R, Krupa K, Dupiol R, Fabert M, Bendahmane A, Kermene V, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Auguste JL, Tonello A, Barthélémy A, Millot G, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Nonlinear beam self-cleaning in a coupled cavity composite laser based on multimode fiber. Opt Express 2017; 25:22219-22227. [PMID: 29041536 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.022219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We study a coupled cavity laser configuration where a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser is combined with an extended cavity, including a doped multimode fiber. For appropriate coupling levels with the extended cavity, we observed that beam self-cleaning was induced in the multimode fiber thanks to nonlinear modal coupling, leading to a quasi-single mode laser output. In the regime of beam self-cleaning, laser pulse duration was reduced from 525 to 225 ps. We also observed a Q-switched mode-locked operation, where spatial self-cleaning was accompanied by far-detuned nonlinear frequency conversion in the active multimode fiber.
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11
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Vaz DC, Lesne E, Sander A, Naganuma H, Jacquet E, Santamaria J, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. Tuning Up or Down the Critical Thickness in LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 through In Situ Deposition of Metal Overlayers. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1700486. [PMID: 28505388 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The quasi 2D electron system (q2DES) that forms at the interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 has attracted much attention from the oxide electronics community. One of its hallmark features is the existence of a critical LaAlO3 thickness of 4 unit-cells (uc) for interfacial conductivity to emerge. In this paper, the chemical, electronic, and transport properties of LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 samples capped with different metals grown in a system combining pulsed laser deposition, sputtering, and in situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopy are investigated. The results show that for metals with low work function a q2DES forms at 1-2 uc of LaAlO3 and is accompanied by a partial oxidation of the metal, a phenomenon that affects the q2DES properties and triggers the formation of defects. In contrast, for noble metals, the critical thickness is increased above 4 uc. The results are discussed in terms of a hybrid mechanism that incorporates electrostatic and chemical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Castro Vaz
- Unité Mixte de Physique UMR 137 CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Edouard Lesne
- Unité Mixte de Physique UMR 137 CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anke Sander
- Unité Mixte de Physique UMR 137 CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Hiroshi Naganuma
- Unité Mixte de Physique UMR 137 CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Eric Jacquet
- Unité Mixte de Physique UMR 137 CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jacobo Santamaria
- Unité Mixte de Physique UMR 137 CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agnès Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique UMR 137 CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique UMR 137 CNRS/Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
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12
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Boyn S, Grollier J, Lecerf G, Xu B, Locatelli N, Fusil S, Girod S, Carrétéro C, Garcia K, Xavier S, Tomas J, Bellaiche L, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Saïghi S, Garcia V. Learning through ferroelectric domain dynamics in solid-state synapses. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14736. [PMID: 28368007 PMCID: PMC5382254 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain, learning is achieved through the ability of synapses to reconfigure the strength by which they connect neurons (synaptic plasticity). In promising solid-state synapses called memristors, conductance can be finely tuned by voltage pulses and set to evolve according to a biological learning rule called spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). Future neuromorphic architectures will comprise billions of such nanosynapses, which require a clear understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for plasticity. Here we report on synapses based on ferroelectric tunnel junctions and show that STDP can be harnessed from inhomogeneous polarization switching. Through combined scanning probe imaging, electrical transport and atomic-scale molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that conductance variations can be modelled by the nucleation-dominated reversal of domains. Based on this physical model, our simulations show that arrays of ferroelectric nanosynapses can autonomously learn to recognize patterns in a predictable way, opening the path towards unsupervised learning in spiking neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Boyn
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Julie Grollier
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Gwendal Lecerf
- University of Bordeaux, IMS, UMR 5218, Talence F-33405, France
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Nicolas Locatelli
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Orsay, Orsay cedex 91405, France
| | - Stéphane Fusil
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Stéphanie Girod
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Cécile Carrétéro
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Karin Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Stéphane Xavier
- Thales Research and Technology, 1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, Campus de I'Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Jean Tomas
- University of Bordeaux, IMS, UMR 5218, Talence F-33405, France
| | - Laurent Bellaiche
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Agnès Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Sylvain Saïghi
- University of Bordeaux, IMS, UMR 5218, Talence F-33405, France
| | - Vincent Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
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13
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Guenard R, Krupa K, Dupiol R, Fabert M, Bendahmane A, Kermene V, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Auguste JL, Tonello A, Barthélémy A, Millot G, Wabnitz S, Couderc V. Kerr self-cleaning of pulsed beam in an ytterbium doped multimode fiber. Opt Express 2017; 25:4783-4792. [PMID: 28380747 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.004783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that Kerr spatial self-cleaning of a pulsed beam can be obtained in an amplifying multimode optical fiber. An input peak power of 500 W only was sufficient to produce a quasi-single-mode emission from the double-clad ytterbium doped multimode fiber (YMMF) with non-parabolic refractive index profile. We compare the self-cleaning behavior observed in the same fiber with loss and with gain. Laser gain introduces new opportunities to achieve spatial self-cleaning of light in multimode fibers at a relatively low power threshold.
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14
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Agbelele A, Sando D, Toulouse C, Paillard C, Johnson RD, Rüffer R, Popkov AF, Carrétéro C, Rovillain P, Le Breton JM, Dkhil B, Cazayous M, Gallais Y, Méasson MA, Sacuto A, Manuel P, Zvezdin AK, Barthélémy A, Juraszek J, Bibes M. Strain and Magnetic Field Induced Spin-Structure Transitions in Multiferroic BiFeO 3. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1602327. [PMID: 28036128 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic-field-dependent spin ordering of strained BiFeO3 films is determined using nuclear resonant scattering and Raman spectroscopy. The critical field required to destroy the cycloidal modulation of the Fe spins is found to be significantly lower than in the bulk, with appealing implications for field-controlled spintronic and magnonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Agbelele
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM, 76800, Rouen, France
| | - D Sando
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - C Toulouse
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (UMR 7162 CNRS), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - C Paillard
- Laboratoire Structure, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, CentraleSupelec, CNRS-UMR8580, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - R D Johnson
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - R Rüffer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, F-38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A F Popkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141700, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Pas. 4806, Bld. 5, Zelenograd, 124498, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Carrétéro
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - P Rovillain
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (UMR 7162 CNRS), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - J-M Le Breton
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM, 76800, Rouen, France
| | - B Dkhil
- Laboratoire Structure, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, CentraleSupelec, CNRS-UMR8580, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - M Cazayous
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (UMR 7162 CNRS), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Y Gallais
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (UMR 7162 CNRS), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M-A Méasson
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (UMR 7162 CNRS), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Sacuto
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (UMR 7162 CNRS), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - P Manuel
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - A K Zvezdin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141700, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, 143025, Russia
| | - A Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - J Juraszek
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM, 76800, Rouen, France
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
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15
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Lesne E, Fu Y, Oyarzun S, Rojas-Sánchez JC, Vaz DC, Naganuma H, Sicoli G, Attané JP, Jamet M, Jacquet E, George JM, Barthélémy A, Jaffrès H, Fert A, Bibes M, Vila L. Highly efficient and tunable spin-to-charge conversion through Rashba coupling at oxide interfaces. Nat Mater 2016; 15:1261-1266. [PMID: 27571452 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The spin-orbit interaction couples the electrons' motion to their spin. As a result, a charge current running through a material with strong spin-orbit coupling generates a transverse spin current (spin Hall effect, SHE) and vice versa (inverse spin Hall effect, ISHE). The emergence of SHE and ISHE as charge-to-spin interconversion mechanisms offers a variety of novel spintronic functionalities and devices, some of which do not require any ferromagnetic material. However, the interconversion efficiency of SHE and ISHE (spin Hall angle) is a bulk property that rarely exceeds ten percent, and does not take advantage of interfacial and low-dimensional effects otherwise ubiquitous in spintronic hetero- and mesostructures. Here, we make use of an interface-driven spin-orbit coupling mechanism-the Rashba effect-in the oxide two-dimensional electron system (2DES) LaAlO3/SrTiO3 to achieve spin-to-charge conversion with unprecedented efficiency. Through spin pumping, we inject a spin current from a NiFe film into the oxide 2DES and detect the resulting charge current, which can be strongly modulated by a gate voltage. We discuss the amplitude of the effect and its gate dependence on the basis of the electronic structure of the 2DES and highlight the importance of a long scattering time to achieve efficient spin-to-charge interconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lesne
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Yu Fu
- Spintec, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogenie, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Oyarzun
- Spintec, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogenie, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Departamento de Física, CEDENNA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Avenida Ecuador 3493, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | - J C Rojas-Sánchez
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - D C Vaz
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - H Naganuma
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Tohoku University, Department of Applied Physics, 6-6-05 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - G Sicoli
- Institut Nanosciences et Cryogenie, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J-P Attané
- Spintec, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogenie, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M Jamet
- Spintec, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogenie, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - E Jacquet
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - J-M George
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - H Jaffrès
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Fert
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - L Vila
- Spintec, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogenie, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Liu Y, Phillips LC, Mattana R, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Dkhil B. Large reversible caloric effect in FeRh thin films via a dual-stimulus multicaloric cycle. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11614. [PMID: 27192941 PMCID: PMC4874032 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant magnetocaloric materials are promising for solid-state refrigeration, as an alternative to hazardous gases used in conventional cooling devices. A giant magnetocaloric effect was discovered near room temperature in near-equiatomic FeRh alloys some years before the benchmark study in Gd5Si2Ge2 that launched the field. However, FeRh has attracted significantly less interest in cooling applications mainly due to irreversibility in magnetocaloric cycles associated with the large hysteresis of its first-order metamagnetic phase transition. Here we overcome the irreversibility via a dual-stimulus magnetic-electric refrigeration cycle in FeRh thin films via coupling to a ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrate. This experimental realization of a multicaloric cycle yields larger reversible caloric effects than either stimulus alone. While magnetic hysteretic losses appear to be reduced by 96% in dual-stimulus loops, we show that the losses are simply transferred into an elastic cycle, contrary to common belief. Nevertheless, we show that these losses do not necessarily prohibit integration of FeRh in practical refrigeration systems. Our demonstration of a multicaloric refrigeration cycle suggests numerous designs for efficient solid-state cooling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, CentraleSupélec, CNRS-UMR8580, Université Paris-Saclay, Grande Voie des Vignes, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex 92295, France
| | - Lee C. Phillips
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, University Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Richard Mattana
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, University Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, University Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Agnès Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, University Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Brahim Dkhil
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, CentraleSupélec, CNRS-UMR8580, Université Paris-Saclay, Grande Voie des Vignes, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex 92295, France
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17
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Grisolia M, Varignon J, Sanchez-Santolino G, Arora A, Valencia S, Varela M, Abrudan R, Weschke E, Schierle E, Rault J, Rueff JP, Barthélémy A, Santamaria J, Bibes M. Hybridization-controlled charge transfer and induced magnetism at correlated oxide interfaces. Nat Phys 2016; 12:484-492. [PMID: 27158255 PMCID: PMC4856211 DOI: 10.1038/nphys3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
At interfaces between conventional materials, band bending and alignment are classically controlled by differences in electrochemical potential. Applying this concept to oxides in which interfaces can be polar and cations may adopt a mixed valence has led to the discovery of novel two-dimensional states between simple band insulators such as LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. However, many oxides have a more complex electronic structure, with charge, orbital and/or spin orders arising from strong Coulomb interactions between transition metal and oxygen ions. Such electronic correlations offer a rich playground to engineer functional interfaces but their compatibility with the classical band alignment picture remains an open question. Here we show that beyond differences in electron affinities and polar effects, a key parameter determining charge transfer at correlated oxide interfaces is the energy required to alter the covalence of the metal-oxygen bond. Using the perovskite nickelate (RNiO3) family as a template, we probe charge reconstruction at interfaces with gadolinium titanate GdTiO3. X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows that the charge transfer is thwarted by hybridization effects tuned by the rare-earth (R) size. Charge transfer results in an induced ferromagnetic-like state in the nickelate, exemplifying the potential of correlated interfaces to design novel phases. Further, our work clarifies strategies to engineer two-dimensional systems through the control of both doping and covalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.N. Grisolia
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J. Varignon
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - G. Sanchez-Santolino
- GFMC, Departamento Física Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Arora
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen & Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen & Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Varela
- GFMC, Departamento Física Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - R. Abrudan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen & Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Experimentalphysik/Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - E. Weschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen & Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Schierle
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen & Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J.E. Rault
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J.-P. Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J. Santamaria
- GFMC, Departamento Física Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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Sando D, Yang Y, Bousquet E, Carrétéro C, Garcia V, Fusil S, Dolfi D, Barthélémy A, Ghosez P, Bellaiche L, Bibes M. Large elasto-optic effect and reversible electrochromism in multiferroic BiFeO3. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10718. [PMID: 26923332 PMCID: PMC4773452 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of optical fields is usually achieved through the electro-optic or acousto-optic effect in single-crystal ferroelectric or polar compounds such as LiNbO3 or quartz. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in ferroelectric oxide thin film technology—a field which is now a strong driving force in areas such as electronics, spintronics and photovoltaics. Here, we apply epitaxial strain engineering to tune the optical response of BiFeO3 thin films, and find a very large variation of the optical index with strain, corresponding to an effective elasto-optic coefficient larger than that of quartz. We observe a concomitant strain-driven variation in light absorption—reminiscent of piezochromism—which we show can be manipulated by an electric field. This constitutes an electrochromic effect that is reversible, remanent and not driven by defects. These findings broaden the potential of multiferroics towards photonics and thin film acousto-optic devices, and suggest exciting device opportunities arising from the coupling of ferroic, piezoelectric and optical responses. Modern technology such as electronics and photovoltaics requires careful control of optical responses of electronic properties. Here, Sando et al. demonstrate a large variation of optical index and light absorption in multiferroic material BiFeO3 thin films, tunable by in-film strain or electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sando
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Yurong Yang
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - E Bousquet
- Theoretical Materials Physics, Université de Liège, B-5, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | - C Carrétéro
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - V Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Fusil
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Dolfi
- Thales Research and Technology France, 1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ph Ghosez
- Theoretical Materials Physics, Université de Liège, B-5, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | - L Bellaiche
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
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Buhot J, Toulouse C, Gallais Y, Sacuto A, de Sousa R, Wang D, Bellaiche L, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Forget A, Colson D, Cazayous M, Measson MA. Driving Spin Excitations by Hydrostatic Pressure in BiFeO(3). Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:267204. [PMID: 26765020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.267204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical spectroscopy has been combined with computational and theoretical techniques to show how the spin dynamics in the model multiferroic BiFeO(3) responds to the application of hydrostatic pressure and its corresponding series of structural phase transitions from R3c to the Pnma phases. As pressure increases, multiple spin excitations associated with noncollinear cycloidal magnetism collapse into two excitations, which show jump discontinuities at some of the ensuing crystal phase transitions. The effective Hamiltonian approach provides information on the electrical polarization and structural changes of the oxygen octahedra through the successive structural phases. The extracted parameters are then used in a Ginzburg-Landau model to reproduce the evolution with pressure of the spin wave excitations observed at low energy, and we demonstrate that the structural phases and the magnetic anisotropy drive and control the spin excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buhot
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - C Toulouse
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Y Gallais
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Sacuto
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - R de Sousa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
| | - D Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory-Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, and International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - L Bellaiche
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, F-91767 Palaiseau, France et Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, F-91767 Palaiseau, France et Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Forget
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - D Colson
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Cazayous
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M-A Measson
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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20
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Rigaud P, Kermene V, Bouwmans G, Bigot L, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Barthélémy A. Spectral division amplification of a 40 nm bandwidth in a multicore Yb doped fiber and femtosecond pulse synthesis with in-fiber delay line. Opt Express 2015; 23:27448-27456. [PMID: 26480405 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.027448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A compact multicore ytterbium doped fiber amplifier has been implemented according to the spectral division scheme. It was shown that it allows amplification of pulses with about 40 nm wide spectrum. Compensation of the different spectral bands delay through bending and twist of the multicore ribbon fiber followed by appropriate setting of their phase permitted the synthesis of pulses close to 100 fs duration.
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21
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Hurand S, Jouan A, Feuillet-Palma C, Singh G, Biscaras J, Lesne E, Reyren N, Barthélémy A, Bibes M, Villegas JE, Ulysse C, Lafosse X, Pannetier-Lecoeur M, Caprara S, Grilli M, Lesueur J, Bergeal N. Field-effect control of superconductivity and Rashba spin-orbit coupling in top-gated LaAlO3/SrTiO3 devices. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12751. [PMID: 26244916 PMCID: PMC4525493 DOI: 10.1038/srep12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development in the fabrication of artificial oxide heterostructures opens new avenues in the field of quantum materials by enabling the manipulation of the charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom. In this context, the discovery of two-dimensional electron gases (2-DEGs) at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces, which exhibit both superconductivity and strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC), represents a major breakthrough. Here, we report on the realisation of a field-effect LaAlO3/SrTiO3 device, whose physical properties, including superconductivity and SOC, can be tuned over a wide range by a top-gate voltage. We derive a phase diagram, which emphasises a field-effect-induced superconductor-to-insulator quantum phase transition. Magneto-transport measurements show that the Rashba coupling constant increases linearly with the interfacial electric field. Our results pave the way for the realisation of mesoscopic devices, where these two properties can be manipulated on a local scale by means of top-gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hurand
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux -CNRS-ESPCI ParisTech-UPMC, PSL Research University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Jouan
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux -CNRS-ESPCI ParisTech-UPMC, PSL Research University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Feuillet-Palma
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux -CNRS-ESPCI ParisTech-UPMC, PSL Research University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G Singh
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux -CNRS-ESPCI ParisTech-UPMC, PSL Research University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Biscaras
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux -CNRS-ESPCI ParisTech-UPMC, PSL Research University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E Lesne
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - N Reyren
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - J E Villegas
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Ulysse
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures LPN-CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - X Lafosse
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures LPN-CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - M Pannetier-Lecoeur
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC - CNRS UMR 3680, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Caprara
- Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma "La Sapienza", piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Grilli
- Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma "La Sapienza", piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J Lesueur
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux -CNRS-ESPCI ParisTech-UPMC, PSL Research University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - N Bergeal
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux -CNRS-ESPCI ParisTech-UPMC, PSL Research University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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22
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Marinova M, Rault JE, Gloter A, Nemsak S, Palsson GK, Rueff JP, Fadley CS, Carrétéro C, Yamada H, March K, Garcia V, Fusil S, Barthélémy A, Stéphan O, Colliex C, Bibes M. Depth profiling charge accumulation from a ferroelectric into a doped Mott insulator. Nano Lett 2015; 15:2533-2541. [PMID: 25768912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The electric field control of functional properties is a crucial goal in oxide-based electronics. Nonvolatile switching between different resistivity or magnetic states in an oxide channel can be achieved through charge accumulation or depletion from an adjacent ferroelectric. However, the way in which charge distributes near the interface between the ferroelectric and the oxide remains poorly known, which limits our understanding of such switching effects. Here, we use a first-of-a-kind combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy, near-total-reflection hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and ab initio theory to address this issue. We achieve a direct, quantitative, atomic-scale characterization of the polarization-induced charge density changes at the interface between the ferroelectric BiFeO3 and the doped Mott insulator Ca(1-x)Ce(x)MnO3, thus providing insight on how interface-engineering can enhance these switching effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Marinova
- †Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Julien E Rault
- ‡Synchrotron-SOLEIL, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, F91192 Gif sur Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Alexandre Gloter
- †Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Slavomir Nemsak
- §Department of Physics, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- ∥Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- ⊥Peter Grünberg Institut PGI-6, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gunnar K Palsson
- ∇Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- #Institut Laue-Langevin, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- ‡Synchrotron-SOLEIL, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, F91192 Gif sur Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Charles S Fadley
- §Department of Physics, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- ∥Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cécile Carrétéro
- ■Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales,1 Avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- ■Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales,1 Avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
- ▲National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), JST, PRESTO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Katia March
- †Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Garcia
- ■Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales,1 Avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Stéphane Fusil
- ■Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales,1 Avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Agnès Barthélémy
- ■Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales,1 Avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Odile Stéphan
- †Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christian Colliex
- †Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Manuel Bibes
- ■Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales,1 Avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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23
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Bruno FY, Grisolia MN, Visani C, Valencia S, Varela M, Abrudan R, Tornos J, Rivera-Calzada A, Ünal AA, Pennycook SJ, Sefrioui Z, Leon C, Villegas JE, Santamaria J, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. Insight into spin transport in oxide heterostructures from interface-resolved magnetic mapping. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6306. [PMID: 25686532 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
At interfaces between complex oxides, electronic, orbital and magnetic reconstructions may produce states of matter absent from the materials involved, offering novel possibilities for electronic and spintronic devices. Here we show that magnetic reconstruction has a strong influence on the interfacial spin selectivity, a key parameter controlling spin transport in magnetic tunnel junctions. In epitaxial heterostructures combining layers of antiferromagnetic LaFeO(3) (LFO) and ferromagnetic La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) (LSMO), we find that a net magnetic moment is induced in the first few unit planes of LFO near the interface with LSMO. Using X-ray photoemission electron microscopy, we show that the ferromagnetic domain structure of the manganite electrodes is imprinted into the antiferromagnetic tunnel barrier, endowing it with spin selectivity. Finally, we find that the spin arrangement resulting from coexisting ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions strongly influences the tunnel magnetoresistance of LSMO/LFO/LSMO junctions through competing spin-polarization and spin-filtering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Bruno
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M N Grisolia
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C Visani
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum-Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Varela
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Física Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2] Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain [3] Materials Science &Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - R Abrudan
- 1] Helmholtz-Zentrum-Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany [2] Institut für Experimentalphysik/Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Tornos
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Física Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2] Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rivera-Calzada
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Física Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2] Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A A Ünal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum-Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S J Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Z Sefrioui
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Física Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2] Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Leon
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Física Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2] Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J E Villegas
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Santamaria
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Física Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2] Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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Abstract
The celebrated renaissance of the multiferroics family over the past ten years has also been that of its most paradigmatic member, bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3). Known since the 1960s to be a high temperature antiferromagnet and since the 1970s to be ferroelectric, BiFeO3 only had its bulk ferroic properties clarified in the mid-2000s. It is however the fabrication of BiFeO3 thin films and their integration into epitaxial oxide heterostructures that have fully revealed its extraordinarily broad palette of functionalities. Here we review the first decade of research on BiFeO3 films, restricting ourselves to epitaxial structures. We discuss how thickness and epitaxial strain influence not only the unit cell parameters, but also the crystal structure, illustrated for instance by the discovery of the so-called T-like phase of BiFeO3. We then present its ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties and their evolution near morphotropic phase boundaries. Magnetic properties and their modification by thickness and strain effects, as well as optical parameters, are covered. Finally, we highlight various types of devices based on BiFeO3 in electronics, spintronics, and optics, and provide perspectives for the development of further multifunctional devices for information technology and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sando
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 91767 Palaiseau, France, and Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
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25
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Cuellar FA, Liu YH, Salafranca J, Nemes N, Iborra E, Sanchez-Santolino G, Varela M, Garcia Hernandez M, Freeland JW, Zhernenkov M, Fitzsimmons MR, Okamoto S, Pennycook SJ, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, te Velthuis SGE, Sefrioui Z, Leon C, Santamaria J. Reversible electric-field control of magnetization at oxide interfaces. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4215. [PMID: 24953219 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric-field control of magnetism has remained a major challenge which would greatly impact data storage technology. Although progress in this direction has been recently achieved, reversible magnetization switching by an electric field requires the assistance of a bias magnetic field. Here we take advantage of the novel electronic phenomena emerging at interfaces between correlated oxides and demonstrate reversible, voltage-driven magnetization switching without magnetic field. Sandwiching a non-superconducting cuprate between two manganese oxide layers, we find a novel form of magnetoelectric coupling arising from the orbital reconstruction at the interface between interfacial Mn spins and localized states in the CuO2 planes. This results in a ferromagnetic coupling between the manganite layers that can be controlled by a voltage. Consequently, magnetic tunnel junctions can be electrically toggled between two magnetization states, and the corresponding spin-dependent resistance states, in the absence of a magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Cuellar
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Fisica Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2]
| | - Y H Liu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Salafranca
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Fisica Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2] Materials Science & Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - N Nemes
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Iborra
- GMME Departamento de Tecnologia Electronica, ETSIT, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Sanchez-Santolino
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Fisica Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2] Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Varela
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Fisica Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2] Materials Science & Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Garcia Hernandez
- 1] Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain [2] Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Zhernenkov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M R Fitzsimmons
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Okamoto
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S J Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M Bibes
- 1] Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 91767 Palaiseau, France [2] Université Paris-Sud, 91905 Orsay, France
| | - A Barthélémy
- 1] Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 91767 Palaiseau, France [2] Université Paris-Sud, 91905 Orsay, France
| | - S G E te Velthuis
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Z Sefrioui
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Fisica Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2] Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Leon
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Fisica Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2] Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Santamaria
- 1] GFMC, Departamento Fisica Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain [2] Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en Spintronica, Unidad Asociada CSIC/Universidad Complutense Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Cherifi RO, Ivanovskaya V, Phillips LC, Zobelli A, Infante IC, Jacquet E, Garcia V, Fusil S, Briddon PR, Guiblin N, Mougin A, Ünal AA, Kronast F, Valencia S, Dkhil B, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. Electric-field control of magnetic order above room temperature. Nat Mater 2014; 13:345-351. [PMID: 24464245 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Controlling magnetism by means of electric fields is a key issue for the future development of low-power spintronics. Progress has been made in the electrical control of magnetic anisotropy, domain structure, spin polarization or critical temperatures. However, the ability to turn on and off robust ferromagnetism at room temperature and above has remained elusive. Here we use ferroelectricity in BaTiO3 crystals to tune the sharp metamagnetic transition temperature of epitaxially grown FeRh films and electrically drive a transition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic order with only a few volts, just above room temperature. The detailed analysis of the data in the light of first-principles calculations indicate that the phenomenon is mediated by both strain and field effects from the BaTiO3. Our results correspond to a magnetoelectric coupling larger than previous reports by at least one order of magnitude and open new perspectives for the use of ferroelectrics in magnetic storage and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Cherifi
- 1] Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 av. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau & Université Paris-Sud, Orsay 91405, France [2]
| | - V Ivanovskaya
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 av. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau & Université Paris-Sud, Orsay 91405, France
| | - L C Phillips
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 av. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau & Université Paris-Sud, Orsay 91405, France
| | - A Zobelli
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8502, Orsay 91405, France
| | - I C Infante
- Laboratoire SPMS, UMR 8580, Ecole Centrale Paris-CNRS, Grande voie des vignes, Châtenay-Malabry 92290, France
| | - E Jacquet
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 av. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau & Université Paris-Sud, Orsay 91405, France
| | - V Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 av. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau & Université Paris-Sud, Orsay 91405, France
| | - S Fusil
- 1] Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 av. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau & Université Paris-Sud, Orsay 91405, France [2] Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Bd. F. Mitterrand, Evry cedex 91025, France
| | - P R Briddon
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE 1 7RU, UK
| | - N Guiblin
- Laboratoire SPMS, UMR 8580, Ecole Centrale Paris-CNRS, Grande voie des vignes, Châtenay-Malabry 92290, France
| | - A Mougin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8502, Orsay 91405, France
| | - A A Ünal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - F Kronast
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - S Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - B Dkhil
- Laboratoire SPMS, UMR 8580, Ecole Centrale Paris-CNRS, Grande voie des vignes, Châtenay-Malabry 92290, France
| | - A Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 av. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau & Université Paris-Sud, Orsay 91405, France
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 av. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau & Université Paris-Sud, Orsay 91405, France
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27
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Sando D, Agbelele A, Daumont C, Rahmedov D, Ren W, Infante IC, Lisenkov S, Prosandeev S, Fusil S, Jacquet E, Carrétéro C, Petit S, Cazayous M, Juraszek J, Le Breton JM, Bellaiche L, Dkhil B, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. Control of ferroelectricity and magnetism in multi-ferroic BiFeO3 by epitaxial strain. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2014; 372:20120438. [PMID: 24421372 PMCID: PMC3895974 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, strain engineering has been shown to be a powerful and flexible means of tailoring the properties of ABO3 perovskite thin films. The effect of epitaxial strain on the structure of the perovskite unit cell can induce a host of interesting effects, these arising from either polar cation shifts or rotation of the oxygen octahedra, or both. In the multi-ferroic perovskite bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3-BFO), both degrees of freedom exist, and thus a complex behaviour may be expected as one plays with epitaxial strain. In this paper, we review our results on the role of strain on the ferroic transition temperatures and ferroic order parameters. We find that, while the Néel temperature is almost unchanged by strain, the ferroelectric Curie temperature strongly decreases as strain increases in both the tensile and compressive ranges. Also unexpected is the very weak influence of strain on the ferroelectric polarization value. Using effective Hamiltonian calculations, we show that these peculiar behaviours arise from the competition between antiferrodistortive and polar instabilities. Finally, we present results on the magnetic order: while the cycloidal spin modulation present in the bulk survives in weakly strained films, it is destroyed at large strain and replaced by pseudo-collinear antiferromagnetic ordering. We discuss the origin of this effect and give perspectives for devices based on strain-engineered BiFeO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Sando
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A. Agbelele
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, UMR6634 CNRS-Université de Rouen, 76801 St. Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - C. Daumont
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D. Rahmedov
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - W. Ren
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - I. C. Infante
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, UMR 8580 CNRS-Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - S. Lisenkov
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33647, USA
| | - S. Prosandeev
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - S. Fusil
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - E. Jacquet
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C. Carrétéro
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S. Petit
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA/CNRS UMR12, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Cazayous
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (UMR 7162 CNRS), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - J. Juraszek
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, UMR6634 CNRS-Université de Rouen, 76801 St. Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - J.-M. Le Breton
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, UMR6634 CNRS-Université de Rouen, 76801 St. Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - L. Bellaiche
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - B. Dkhil
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, UMR 8580 CNRS-Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - A. Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M. Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
- e-mail:
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Bareille C, Fortuna F, Rödel TC, Bertran F, Gabay M, Cubelos OH, Taleb-Ibrahimi A, Le Fèvre P, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Maroutian T, Lecoeur P, Rozenberg MJ, Santander-Syro AF. Two-dimensional electron gas with six-fold symmetry at the (111) surface of KTaO3. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3586. [PMID: 24394996 PMCID: PMC3882744 DOI: 10.1038/srep03586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) at transition-metal oxide (TMO) interfaces, and boundary states in topological insulators, are being intensively investigated. The former system harbors superconductivity, large magneto-resistance, and ferromagnetism. In the latter, honeycomb-lattice geometry plus bulk spin-orbit interactions lead to topologically protected spin-polarized bands. 2DEGs in TMOs with a honeycomb-like structure could yield new states of matter, but they had not been experimentally realized, yet. We successfully created a 2DEG at the (111) surface of KTaO3, a strong insulator with large spin-orbit coupling. Its confined states form a network of weakly-dispersing electronic gutters with 6-fold symmetry, a topology novel to all known oxide-based 2DEGs. If those pertain to just one Ta-(111) bilayer, model calculations predict that it can be a topological metal. Our findings demonstrate that completely new electronic states, with symmetries not realized in the bulk, can be tailored in oxide surfaces, promising for TMO-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bareille
- CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Bâtiments 104 et 108, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - F Fortuna
- CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Bâtiments 104 et 108, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - T C Rödel
- 1] CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Bâtiments 104 et 108, 91405 Orsay cedex, France [2] Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik VII, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - F Bertran
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Gabay
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS, Bâtiment 510, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - O Hijano Cubelos
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS, Bâtiment 510, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Taleb-Ibrahimi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Le Fèvre
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - T Maroutian
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS, Bâtiment 220, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Lecoeur
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS, Bâtiment 220, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M J Rozenberg
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS, Bâtiment 510, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A F Santander-Syro
- CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Bâtiments 104 et 108, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
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Coulange M, Desplantes A, Barberon B, Barthélémy A, Attard N, Alazia M, Auffray JP. Initial management of pulmonary barotrauma in scuba divers. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Coulange M, Desplantes A, Toesca R, Castelin C, Legrand P, Benner P, Barberon B, Barthélémy A, Raymond JJ, Auffray JP. Advances in pre-hospital management of diving accidents in the Mediterranean area from 1991 to 2008. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Coulange M, Métifiot-Windson N, Desplantes A, Barberon B, Thomas E, Toesca R, Barthélémy A, Auffray JP. Epidemiology of diving accidents in the region of Marseille from 2000 to 2009. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Coulange M, Desplantes A, Barberon B, Barthélémy A, Attard N, Alazia M, Auffray JP. Initial management of immersion pulmonary edema. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Sando D, Agbelele A, Rahmedov D, Liu J, Rovillain P, Toulouse C, Infante IC, Pyatakov AP, Fusil S, Jacquet E, Carrétéro C, Deranlot C, Lisenkov S, Wang D, Le Breton JM, Cazayous M, Sacuto A, Juraszek J, Zvezdin AK, Bellaiche L, Dkhil B, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. Crafting the magnonic and spintronic response of BiFeO3 films by epitaxial strain. Nat Mater 2013; 12:641-6. [PMID: 23624631 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroics are compounds that show ferroelectricity and magnetism. BiFeO3, by far the most studied, has outstanding ferroelectric properties, a cycloidal magnetic order in the bulk, and many unexpected virtues such as conductive domain walls or a low bandgap of interest for photovoltaics. Although this flurry of properties makes BiFeO3 a paradigmatic multifunctional material, most are related to its ferroelectric character, and its other ferroic property--antiferromagnetism--has not been investigated extensively, especially in thin films. Here we bring insight into the rich spin physics of BiFeO3 in a detailed study of the static and dynamic magnetic response of strain-engineered films. Using Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopies combined with Landau-Ginzburg theory and effective Hamiltonian calculations, we show that the bulk-like cycloidal spin modulation that exists at low compressive strain is driven towards pseudo-collinear antiferromagnetism at high strain, both tensile and compressive. For moderate tensile strain we also predict and observe indications of a new cycloid. Accordingly, we find that the magnonic response is entirely modified, with low-energy magnon modes being suppressed as strain increases. Finally, we reveal that strain progressively drives the average spin angle from in-plane to out-of-plane, a property we use to tune the exchange bias and giant-magnetoresistive response of spin valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sando
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 av. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau & Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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Yamada H, Garcia V, Fusil S, Boyn S, Marinova M, Gloter A, Xavier S, Grollier J, Jacquet E, Carrétéro C, Deranlot C, Bibes M, Barthélémy A. Giant electroresistance of super-tetragonal BiFeO3-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions. ACS Nano 2013; 7:5385-5390. [PMID: 23647323 DOI: 10.1021/nn401378t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric tunnel junctions enable a nondestructive readout of the ferroelectric state via a change of resistance induced by switching the ferroelectric polarization. We fabricated submicrometer solid-state ferroelectric tunnel junctions based on a recently discovered polymorph of BiFeO3 with giant axial ratio ("T-phase"). Applying voltage pulses to the junctions leads to the highest resistance changes (OFF/ON ratio >10,000) ever reported with ferroelectric tunnel junctions. Along with the good retention properties, this giant effect reinforces the interest in nonvolatile memories based on ferroelectric tunnel junctions. We also show that the changes in resistance scale with the nucleation and growth of ferroelectric domains in the ultrathin BiFeO3 (imaged by piezoresponse force microscopy), thereby suggesting potential as multilevel memory cells and memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamada
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales , 1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, Campus de Polytechnique, 91767 Palaiseau, France
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35
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Rigaud P, Kermene V, Bouwmans G, Bigot L, Desfarges-Berthelemot A, Labat D, Le Rouge A, Mansuryan T, Barthélémy A. Spatially dispersive amplification in a 12-core fiber and femtosecond pulse synthesis by coherent spectral combining. Opt Express 2013; 21:13555-13563. [PMID: 23736608 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.013555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A compact scheme is demonstrated for amplification and synthesis of ultrashort pulses by fiber amplifiers. Femtosecond pulses are split in 12 different spectral bands which are amplified separately in the 12 cores of a multicore ytterbium doped fiber. Combining the amplifier outputs together with the intensity and phase management of the spectral bands lead to short pulse synthesis with adjustable pulse shape. The scheme gave an x 92 enhancement in amplified power before the onset of nonlinear effects by comparison with standard stretcher free amplification in a single core fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Rigaud
- XLIM Institut de Recherche, UMR 7252, Université de Limoges CNRS, Limoges, France
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Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Coulange M, Mayeux S, Barthélémy A. Validation préliminaire d’un auto-questionnaire de dépendance à la narcose. Sci Sports 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Rault JE, Ren W, Prosandeev S, Lisenkov S, Sando D, Fusil S, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Bellaiche L, Barrett N. Thickness-dependent polarization of strained BiFeO3 films with constant tetragonality. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:267601. [PMID: 23368620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.267601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We measure the ferroelectric polarization of BiFeO3 films down to 3.6 nm using low energy electron and photoelectron emission microscopy. The measured polarization decays strongly below a critical thickness of 5-7 nm predicted by continuous medium theory whereas the tetragonal distortion does not change. We resolve this apparent contradiction using first-principles-based effective Hamiltonian calculations. In ultrathin films, the energetics of near open circuit electrical boundary conditions, i.e., an unscreened depolarizing field, drive the system through a phase transition from single out-of-plane polarization to nanoscale stripe domains. It gives rise to an average polarization close to zero as measured by the electron microscopy while maintaining the relatively large tetragonal distortion imposed by the nonzero polarization state of each individual domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Rault
- CEA, DSM/IRAMIS/SPCSI, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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38
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Laukhin V, Copie O, Rozenberg MJ, Weht R, Bouzehouane K, Reyren N, Jacquet E, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Herranz G. Electronic subband reconfiguration in a d0-perovskite induced by strain-driven structural transformations. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:226601. [PMID: 23368143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.226601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that transport in lightly n-doped SrTiO(3) involves light and heavy electron bands. We have found that upon application of moderate quasi-isotropic pressures, the relative positions of these subbands are changed by a few meV and, eventually, a band inversion occurs at ~1 kbar. Such effects are, however, suppressed in the closely related KTaO(3) perovskite. We show that the extremely subtle electronic reconfiguration in SrTiO(3) is triggered by strain-induced structural transformations that are accompanied by remarkable mobility enhancements up to about Δμ/μ≈300%. Our results provide a microscopic rationale for the recently discovered transport enhancement under strain and underscore the role of the internal structural degrees of freedom in the modulation of the perovskite electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Laukhin
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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39
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Bibes M, Reyren N, Lesne E, George JM, Deranlot C, Collin S, Barthélémy A, Jaffrès H. Towards electrical spin injection into LaAlO3-SrTiO3. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2012; 370:4958-4971. [PMID: 22987038 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Future spintronics devices will be built from elemental blocks allowing the electrical injection, propagation, manipulation and detection of spin-based information. Owing to their remarkable multi-functional and strongly correlated character, oxide materials already provide such building blocks for charge-based devices such as ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FETs), as well as for spin-based two-terminal devices such as magnetic tunnel junctions, with giant responses in both cases. Until now, the lack of suitable channel materials and the uncertainty of spin-injection conditions in these compounds had however prevented the exploration of similar giant responses in oxide-based lateral spin transport structures. In this paper, we discuss the potential of oxide-based spin FETs and report magnetotransport data that suggest electrical spin injection into the LaAlO(3)-SrTiO(3) interface system. In a local, three-terminal measurement scheme, we analyse the voltage variation associated with the precession of the injected spin accumulation driven by perpendicular or longitudinal magnetic fields (Hanle and 'inverted' Hanle effects). The spin accumulation signal appears to be much larger than expected, probably owing to amplification effects by resonant tunnelling through localized states in the LaAlO(3). We give perspectives on how to achieve direct spin injection with increased detection efficiency, as well on the implementation of efficient top gating schemes for spin manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, Palaiseau, France.
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40
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Chanthbouala A, Garcia V, Cherifi RO, Bouzehouane K, Fusil S, Moya X, Xavier S, Yamada H, Deranlot C, Mathur ND, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Grollier J. A ferroelectric memristor. Nat Mater 2012; 11:860-4. [PMID: 22983431 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Memristors are continuously tunable resistors that emulate biological synapses. Conceptualized in the 1970s, they traditionally operate by voltage-induced displacements of matter, although the details of the mechanism remain under debate. Purely electronic memristors based on well-established physical phenomena with albeit modest resistance changes have also emerged. Here we demonstrate that voltage-controlled domain configurations in ferroelectric tunnel barriers yield memristive behaviour with resistance variations exceeding two orders of magnitude and a 10 ns operation speed. Using models of ferroelectric-domain nucleation and growth, we explain the quasi-continuous resistance variations and derive a simple analytical expression for the memristive effect. Our results suggest new opportunities for ferroelectrics as the hardware basis of future neuromorphic computational architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Chanthbouala
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 91767 Palaiseau, France
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41
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Reyren N, Bibes M, Lesne E, George JM, Deranlot C, Collin S, Barthélémy A, Jaffrès H. Gate-controlled spin injection at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:186802. [PMID: 22681101 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.186802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report results of electrical spin injection at the high-mobility quasi-two-dimensional electron system (2-DES) that forms at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. In a nonlocal, three-terminal measurement geometry, we analyze the voltage variation associated with the precession of the injected spin accumulation driven by perpendicular or transverse magnetic fields (Hanle and inverted Hanle effect). The influence of bias and back-gate voltages reveals that the spin accumulation signal is amplified by resonant tunneling through localized states in the LaAlO3 strongly coupled to the 2-DES by tunneling transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Reyren
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
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42
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Daumont C, Ren W, Infante IC, Lisenkov S, Allibe J, Carrétéro C, Fusil S, Jacquet E, Bouvet T, Bouamrane F, Prosandeev S, Geneste G, Dkhil B, Bellaiche L, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. Strain dependence of polarization and piezoelectric response in epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films. J Phys Condens Matter 2012; 24:162202. [PMID: 22467186 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/16/162202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial strain has recently emerged as a powerful means to engineer the properties of ferroelectric thin films, for instance to enhance the ferroelectric Curie temperature (T(C)) in BaTiO(3). However, in multiferroic BiFeO(3) thin films an unanticipated strain-driven decrease of T(C) was reported and ascribed to the peculiar competition between polar and antiferrodistortive instabilities. Here, we report a systematic characterization of the room-temperature ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties for strain levels ranging between -2.5% and +1%. We find that polarization and the piezoelectric coefficient increase by about 20% and 250%, respectively, in this strain range. These trends are well reproduced by first-principles-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Daumont
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Palaiseau, France
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43
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Coulange M, Barthélémy A. Certificat médical, contre-indications temporaires et définitives à la plongée. Sci Sports 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Allibe J, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Daumont C, Sando D, Jacquet E, Deranlot C, Bibes M, Barthélémy A. Room temperature electrical manipulation of giant magnetoresistance in spin valves exchange-biased with BiFeO3. Nano Lett 2012; 12:1141-5. [PMID: 22268723 DOI: 10.1021/nl202537y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric multiferroics are attractive materials for the development of low-power electrically controlled spintronic devices. Here we report the optimization of the exchange bias as well as the giant magnetoresistance effect (GMR) of spin valves deposited on top of BiFeO(3)-based heterostructures. We show that the exchange bias can be electrically controlled through a change in the relative proportion of 109° domain walls and propose solutions toward a reversible process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Allibe
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 91767 Palaiseau, France, and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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45
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Bocher L, Gloter A, Crassous A, Garcia V, March K, Zobelli A, Valencia S, Enouz-Vedrenne S, Moya X, Mathur ND, Deranlot C, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Colliex C, Stéphan O. Atomic and electronic structure of the BaTiO3/Fe interface in multiferroic tunnel junctions. Nano Lett 2012; 12:376-382. [PMID: 22191458 DOI: 10.1021/nl203657c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Artificial multiferroic tunnel junctions combining a ferroelectric tunnel barrier of BaTiO(3) with magnetic electrodes display a tunnel magnetoresistance whose intensity can be controlled by the ferroelectric polarization of the barrier. This effect, called tunnel electromagnetoresistance (TEMR), and the corollary magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms at the BaTiO(3)/Fe interface were recently reported through macroscopic techniques. Here, we use advanced spectromicroscopy techniques by means of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) to probe locally the nanoscale structural and electronic modifications at the ferroelectric/ferromagnetic interface. Atomically resolved real-space spectroscopic techniques reveal the presence of a single FeO layer between BaTiO(3) and Fe. Based on this accurate description of the studied interface, we propose an atomistic model of the ferroelectric/ferromagnetic interface further validated by comparing experimental and simulated STEM images with atomic resolution. Density functional theory calculations allow us to interpret the electronic and magnetic properties of these interfaces and to understand better their key role in the physics of multiferroics nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bocher
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Bâtiment 510, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
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46
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Crassous A, Bernard R, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Le Bourdais D, Enouz-Vedrenne S, Briatico J, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Villegas JE. Nanoscale electrostatic manipulation of magnetic flux quanta in ferroelectric/superconductor BiFeO3/YBa2Cu3O(7-δ) heterostructures. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:247002. [PMID: 22243020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.247002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Using heterostructures that combine a large-polarization ferroelectric (BiFeO3) and a high-temperature superconductor (YBa2Cu3O(7-δ)), we demonstrate the modulation of the superconducting condensate at the nanoscale via ferroelectric field effects. Through this mechanism, a nanoscale pattern of normal regions that mimics the ferroelectric domain structure can be created in the superconductor. This yields an energy landscape for magnetic flux quanta and, in turn, couples the local ferroelectric polarization to the local magnetic induction. We show that this form of magnetoelectric coupling, together with the possibility to reversibly design the ferroelectric domain structure, allows the electrostatic manipulation of magnetic flux quanta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Crassous
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 91767 Palaiseau and Université Paris Sud 11, 91405 Orsay, France
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47
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Chanthbouala A, Crassous A, Garcia V, Bouzehouane K, Fusil S, Moya X, Allibe J, Dlubak B, Grollier J, Xavier S, Deranlot C, Moshar A, Proksch R, Mathur ND, Bibes M, Barthélémy A. Solid-state memories based on ferroelectric tunnel junctions. Nat Nanotechnol 2011; 7:101-104. [PMID: 22138863 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ferroic-order parameters are useful as state variables in non-volatile information storage media because they show a hysteretic dependence on their electric or magnetic field. Coupling ferroics with quantum-mechanical tunnelling allows a simple and fast readout of the stored information through the influence of ferroic orders on the tunnel current. For example, data in magnetic random-access memories are stored in the relative alignment of two ferromagnetic electrodes separated by a non-magnetic tunnel barrier, and data readout is accomplished by a tunnel current measurement. However, such devices based on tunnel magnetoresistance typically exhibit OFF/ON ratios of less than 4, and require high powers for write operations (>1 × 10(6) A cm(-2)). Here, we report non-volatile memories with OFF/ON ratios as high as 100 and write powers as low as ∼1 × 10(4) A cm(-2) at room temperature by storing data in the electric polarization direction of a ferroelectric tunnel barrier. The junctions show large, stable, reproducible and reliable tunnel electroresistance, with resistance switching occurring at the coercive voltage of ferroelectric switching. These ferroelectric devices emerge as an alternative to other resistive memories, and have the advantage of not being based on voltage-induced migration of matter at the nanoscale, but on a purely electronic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Chanthbouala
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 91767 Palaiseau and Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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48
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Infante IC, Juraszek J, Fusil S, Dupé B, Gemeiner P, Diéguez O, Pailloux F, Jouen S, Jacquet E, Geneste G, Pacaud J, Íñiguez J, Bellaiche L, Barthélémy A, Dkhil B, Bibes M. Multiferroic phase transition near room temperature in BiFeO3 films. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:237601. [PMID: 22182123 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.237601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In multiferroic BiFeO(3) thin films grown on highly mismatched LaAlO(3) substrates, we reveal the coexistence of two differently distorted polymorphs that leads to striking features in the temperature dependence of the structural and multiferroic properties. Notably, the highly distorted phase quasiconcomitantly presents an abrupt structural change, transforms from a standard to a nonconventional ferroelectric, and transitions from antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic at 360±20 K. These coupled ferroic transitions just above room temperature hold promises of giant piezoelectric, magnetoelectric, and piezomagnetic responses, with potential in many applications fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Infante
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 1 avenue Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
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49
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Valencia S, Crassous A, Bocher L, Garcia V, Moya X, Cherifi RO, Deranlot C, Bouzehouane K, Fusil S, Zobelli A, Gloter A, Mathur ND, Gaupp A, Abrudan R, Radu F, Barthélémy A, Bibes M. Interface-induced room-temperature multiferroicity in BaTiO₃. Nat Mater 2011; 10:753-758. [PMID: 21857674 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic materials possess two or more ferroic orders but have not been exploited in devices owing to the scarcity of room-temperature examples. Those that are ferromagnetic and ferroelectric have potential applications in multi-state data storage if the ferroic orders switch independently, or in electric-field controlled spintronics if the magnetoelectric coupling is strong. Future applications could also exploit toroidal moments and optical effects that arise from the simultaneous breaking of time-reversal and space-inversion symmetries. Here, we use soft X-ray resonant magnetic scattering and piezoresponse force microscopy to reveal that, at the interface with Fe or Co, ultrathin films of the archetypal ferroelectric BaTiO₃ simultaneously possess a magnetization and a polarization that are both spontaneous and hysteretic at room temperature. Ab initio calculations of realistic interface structures provide insight into the origin of the induced moments and bring support to this new approach for creating room-temperature multiferroics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum-Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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50
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Mokart D, Sarran A, Barthélémy A, Chow-Chine L, Lelong B, Fouché L, Blache JL. Systemic air embolism during lung biopsy. Br J Anaesth 2011; 107:277-8. [PMID: 21757558 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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