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Lieder B, Čonka J, Reiner AT, Zabel V, Ameur D, Somoza MM, Šebeková K, Celec P, Somoza V. Long-Term Consumption of a Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drink in Combination with a Western-Type Diet Is Associated with Morphological and Molecular Changes of Taste Markers Independent of Body Weight Development in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030594. [PMID: 35276952 PMCID: PMC8837962 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the long-term intake of a typical sugar-sweetened soft drink (sugar-sweetened beverage, SSB) alters markers for taste function when combined with a standard diet (chow) or a model chow mimicking a Western diet (WD). Adult male CD1 mice had ad libitum access to tap water or SSB in combination with either the chow or the WD for 24 weeks. Energy intake from fluid and food was monitored three times a week. Cardiometabolic markers (body weight and composition, waist circumference, glucose and lipid profile, and blood pressure) were analyzed at the end of the intervention, as was the number and size of the fungiform papillae as well as mRNA levels of genes associated with the different cell types of taste buds and taste receptors in the circumvallate papillae using a cDNA microarray and qPCR. Although the overall energy intake was higher in the WD groups, there was no difference in body weight or other cardiometabolic markers between the SSB and water groups. The chemosensory surface from the fungiform papillae was reduced by 36 ± 19% (p < 0.05) in the WD group after SSB compared to water intake. In conclusion, the consumption of the SSB reduced the chemosensory surface of the fungiform papillae of CD1 mice when applied in combination with a WD independent of body weight. The data suggest synergistic effects of a high sugar-high fat diet on taste dysfunction, which could further influence food intake and promote a vicious cycle of overeating and taste dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lieder
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.T.R.); (V.Z.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jozef Čonka
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81101 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.Č.); (K.Š.); (P.C.)
| | - Agnes T. Reiner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.T.R.); (V.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Victoria Zabel
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.T.R.); (V.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Dominik Ameur
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.A.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Mark M. Somoza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.A.); (M.M.S.)
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85345 Freising, Germany
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85345 Freising, Germany
| | - Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81101 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.Č.); (K.Š.); (P.C.)
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81101 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.Č.); (K.Š.); (P.C.)
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.T.R.); (V.Z.); (V.S.)
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85345 Freising, Germany
- Nutritional Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85345 Freising, Germany
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Zehentner S, Reiner AT, Grimm C, Somoza V. The Role of Bitter Taste Receptors in Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5891. [PMID: 34885005 PMCID: PMC8656863 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since it is known that bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are expressed and functionally active in various extra-oral cells, their genetic variability and functional response initiated by their activation have become of broader interest, including in the context of cancer. METHODS A systematic research was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant publications concerning the role of TAS2Rs in cancer. RESULTS While the findings on variations of TAS2R genotypes and phenotypes and their association to the risk of developing cancer are still inconclusive, gene expression analyses revealed that TAS2Rs are expressed and some of them are predominately downregulated in cancerous compared to non-cancerous cell lines and tissue samples. Additionally, receptor-specific, agonist-mediated activation induced various anti-cancer effects, such as decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as increased apoptosis. Furthermore, the overexpression of TAS2Rs resulted in a decreased tumour incidence in an in vivo study and TAS2R activation could even enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutics in vitro. Finally, higher expression levels of TAS2Rs in primary cancerous cells and tissues were associated with an improved prognosis in humans. CONCLUSION Since current evidence demonstrates a functional role of TAS2Rs in carcinogenesis, further studies should exploit their potential as (co-)targets of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Zehentner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.Z.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Agnes T. Reiner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.Z.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Christoph Grimm
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Gynecologic Cancer Unit, Department of General Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.Z.); (A.T.R.)
- Leibniz Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Chair of Nutritional Systems Biology, School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Abstract
The nutritional value of food can be improved by the addition of bioactive compounds. However, most of these favorable food additives demonstrate low bioavailability because of their limited stability, solubility, and structural transformations upon digestion and absorption. One strategy to combat these limitations is to integrate bioactives into nanoparticles, although the mostly used artificial materials may result in immune system activation and fast clearing times. Therefore, novel, more biocompatible delivery systems are required. Extracellular vesicles are communication tools designed by evolution to transfer information between cells, organs, and whole organisms. Hence, these vesicles offer enormous potential for targeted bioactive compound delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes T Reiner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, UZA II , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, UZA II , 1090 Vienna , Austria
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Reiner AT, Ferrer NG, Venugopalan P, Lai RC, Lim SK, Dostálek J. Magnetic nanoparticle-enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensor for extracellular vesicle analysis. Analyst 2018; 142:3913-3921. [PMID: 28920599 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The sensitive analysis of small lipid extracellular vesicles (EVs) by using a grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance (GC-SPR) biosensor has been reported. In order to enable the analysis of trace amounts of EVs present in complex liquid samples, the target analyte is pre-concentrated on the sensor surface by using magnetic nanoparticles and its affinity binding is probed by wavelength interrogation of SPR. The GC-SPR has been demonstrated to allow for the implementation of efficient pulling of EVs to the sensor surface by using magnetic nanoparticles and an external magnetic field gradient applied through the sensor chip. This approach overcomes slow diffusion-limited mass transfer and greatly enhances the measured sensor response. The specific detection of different EV populations secreted from mesenchymal stem cells is achieved with a SPR sensor chip modified with antibodies against the surface marker CD81 and magnetic nanoparticles binding the vesicles via annexin V and cholera toxin B chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes T Reiner
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Reiner AT, Witwer KW, van Balkom BW, de Beer J, Brodie C, Corteling RL, Gabrielsson S, Gimona M, Ibrahim AG, de Kleijn D, Lai CP, Lötvall J, del Portillo HA, Reischl IG, Riazifar M, Salomon C, Tahara H, Toh WS, Wauben MH, Yang VK, Yang Y, Yeo RWY, Yin H, Giebel B, Rohde E, Lim SK. Concise Review: Developing Best-Practice Models for the Therapeutic Use of Extracellular Vesicles. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1730-1739. [PMID: 28714557 PMCID: PMC5689784 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles) as therapeutic entities, particularly in stem cell-related approaches, has underlined the need for standardization and coordination of development efforts. Members of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and the Society for Clinical Research and Translation of Extracellular Vesicles Singapore convened a Workshop on this topic to discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with development of EV-based therapeutics at the preclinical and clinical levels. This review outlines topic-specific action items that, if addressed, will enhance the development of best-practice models for EV therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1730-1739.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes T. Reiner
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of TechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Departments of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Bas W.M. van Balkom
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Chaya Brodie
- Department of NeurosurgeryHenry Ford HospitalDetroitMichiganUSA
- Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | | | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Department of MedicineUnit for Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Mario Gimona
- Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK)SalzburgAustria
| | | | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Dept. of Vascular Surgery & CardiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- NUS Surgery & A‐STARSingapore
| | - Charles P. Lai
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwanRepublic of China
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden
- Codiak BioSciencesWoburnMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hernando A. del Portillo
- ICREA at ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Ilona G. Reischl
- Federal Office for Safety in Health Care, Institute SurveillanceViennaAustria
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food SafetyInstitute SurveillanceViennaAustria
| | - Milad Riazifar
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOchsner Clinic FoundationNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Faculty of DentistryNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Marca H.M. Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Vicky K. Yang
- Department of Clinical SciencesTufts University Cummings School of Veterinary MedicineNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg‐EssenGermany
| | - Eva Rohde
- Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)SalzburgAustria
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK)SalzburgAustria
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Lai RC, Tan SS, Yeo RWY, Choo ABH, Reiner AT, Su Y, Shen Y, Fu Z, Alexander L, Sze SK, Lim SK. MSC secretes at least 3 EV types each with a unique permutation of membrane lipid, protein and RNA. J Extracell Vesicles 2016; 5:29828. [PMID: 26928672 PMCID: PMC4770866 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v5.29828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), a widely used adult stem cell candidate for regenerative medicine, has been shown to exert some of its therapeutic effects through the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These homogenously sized EVs of 100–150 ηm exhibited many exosome-like biophysical and biochemical properties and carry both proteins and RNAs. Recently, exosome-associated proteins in this MSC EV preparation were found to segregate primarily to those EVs that bind cholera toxin B chain (CTB), a GM1 ganglioside-specific ligand, and pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that these EVs have endosomal origin and carried many of the exosome-associated markers. Here, we report that only a fraction of the MSC EV proteome was found in CTB-bound EVs. Using Annexin V (AV) and Shiga toxin B subunit (ST) with affinities for phosphatidylserine and globotriaosylceramide, respectively, AV- and a ST-binding EV were identified. CTB-, AV- and ST–binding EVs all carried actin. However, the AV-binding EVs carried low or undetectable levels of the exosome-associated proteins. Only the ST-binding EVs carried RNA and EDA-containing fibronectin. Proteins in AV-binding EVs were also different from those released by apoptotic MSCs. CTB- and AV-binding activities were localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of MSCs, while ST-binding activity was localized to the nucleus. Together, this study demonstrates that cells secrete many types of EVs. Specifically, MSCs secrete at least 3 types. They can be differentially isolated based on their affinities for membrane lipid-binding ligands. As the subcellular sites of the binding activities of these ligands and cargo load are different for each EV type, they are likely to have a different biogenesis pathway and possibly different functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andre Boon Hwa Choo
- A*STAR Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, NUS, Singapore
| | - Agnes T Reiner
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yan Su
- A*STAR Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Shen
- A*STAR Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyan Fu
- A*STAR Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, YLL School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore;
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Bachmayr-Heyda A, Reiner AT, Auer K, Sukhbaatar N, Aust S, Bachleitner-Hofmann T, Mesteri I, Grunt TW, Zeillinger R, Pils D. Correlation of circular RNA abundance with proliferation--exemplified with colorectal and ovarian cancer, idiopathic lung fibrosis, and normal human tissues. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8057. [PMID: 25624062 PMCID: PMC4306919 DOI: 10.1038/srep08057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs are a recently (re-)discovered abundant RNA species with presumed function as miRNA sponges, thus part of the competing endogenous RNA network. We analysed the expression of circular and linear RNAs and proliferation in matched normal colon mucosa and tumour tissues. We predicted >1,800 circular RNAs and proved the existence of five randomly chosen examples using RT-qPCR. Interestingly, the ratio of circular to linear RNA isoforms was always lower in tumour compared to normal colon samples and even lower in colorectal cancer cell lines. Furthermore, this ratio correlated negatively with the proliferation index. The correlation of global circular RNA abundance (the circRNA index) and proliferation was validated in a non-cancerous proliferative disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, ovarian cancer cells compared to cultured normal ovarian epithelial cells, and 13 normal human tissues. We are the first to report a global reduction of circular RNA abundance in colorectal cancer cell lines and cancer compared to normal tissues and discovered a negative correlation of global circular RNA abundance and proliferation. This negative correlation seems to be a general principle in human tissues as validated with three different settings. Finally, we present a simple model how circular RNAs could accumulate in non-proliferating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bachmayr-Heyda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes T. Reiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Auer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nyamdelger Sukhbaatar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Aust
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas W. Grunt
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Zeillinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
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