PECAM-1 Is Down-Regulated in γδT Cells during Remission, but Up-Regulated in Relapse of Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction. PECAM-1 and NKRP1A are both involved in the vascular transmigration of T lymphocytes. Vascular transmigration is a crucial process in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Methods and aim. The current paper presents an analysis of PECAM-1 and NKRP1A expression on γδ T cells. Expression of PECAM-1 and NKRP1A on subsets of γδ T cells was performed with flow cytometry. Results. Based on the flow cytometry data, PECAM1 was slightly differentially modulated on γδ T cells—it was up-regulated during relapse, but down-regulated during remission. Moreover, a significant downregulation of CD3 expression was noted on γδ T cells from MS patients, most notably during relapse. Conclusions. This may be a sign of the overall activation of γδ T cells in the course of multiple sclerosis.

The Mysterious Actor-γδ T Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common leukaemia among adults. It is the clonal expansion of B cells expressing CD19 and CD5. Despite significant progress in treatment, CLL is still incurable. γδ T cells comprise an important subset of the cytotoxic T cells. Although γδ T cells in CLL are dysfunctional, they still can possibly be used for immunotherapy. The current paper reviews our understanding of γδ T lymphocytes in CLL.

RORγT is overexpressed in iNKT and γδ T cells during relapse in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

The aim of the current study is to evaluate IL-17 production and RORγT, and IL-23R expression by iNKT, Th17 and γδ T cells in the peripheral blood of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Samples of peripheral blood from 21 relapse patients and 12 remission patients, and 15 healthy volunteers were stained with monoclonal antibodies for flow cytometry analysis. No significant differences in iNKT, γδ T and Th17 percentages were noted. The significant overexpression of RORγT was observed in all three subpopulations - therefore, iNKT, γδ T and Th cells may be an important source of IL-17 shortly prior to the relapse.

γδ T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

The aim of the current review is to summarize the results of studies on the role of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and its animal model - the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Despite the fact that numerous studies have been performed, the role of γδ T is still not fully understood. It seems that there are two distinct subpopulations - one exacerbating the disease (IL-17-producing) and the other playing a protective role (IFN-γ-secreting). Nevertheless, future studies are required for an understanding of γδ T cells role in multiple sclerosis.