1
|
Sakowicz A, Bralewska M, Pietrucha T, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW, Gach A, Rybak-Krzyszkowska M, Witas PJ, Huras H, Grzesiak M, Biesiada L. Canonical, Non-Canonical and Atypical Pathways of Nuclear Factor кb Activation in Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5574. [PMID: 32759710 PMCID: PMC7432517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although higher nuclear factor κB (NFκB) expression and activity is observed in preeclamptic placentas, its mechanism of activation is unknown. This is the first study to investigate whether the canonical, non-canonical, or atypical NFκB activation pathways may be responsible for the higher activation of NFκB observed in preeclamptic placentas. The study included 268 cases (130 preeclamptic women and 138 controls). We studied the expression of the genes coding for NFκB activators (NIK, IKKα, IKKβ, and CK2α) and inhibitors (IκBα and IκBβ) using RT-PCR in real time. The RT-PCR results were verified on the protein level using ELISA and Western blot. To determine the efficiency of the pathways, the ratios of activator(s) to one of the inhibitors (IκBα or IκBβ) were calculated for each studied pathway. The preeclamptic placentas demonstrated significantly lower IKKα and CK2α but higher IκBα and IκBβ protein levels. In addition, the calculated activator(s) to inhibitor (IκBα or IκBβ) ratios suggested that all studied pathways might be downregulated in preeclamptic placentas. Our results indicate that preeclamptic placentas may demonstrate mechanisms of NFκB activation other than the canonical, non-canonical, and atypical forms. In these mechanisms, inhibitors of NFκB may play a key role. These observations broaden the existing knowledge regarding the molecular background of preeclampsia development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Sakowicz
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Medical Biotechnology, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Michalina Bralewska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Medical Biotechnology, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Tadeusz Pietrucha
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Medical Biotechnology, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (T.P.)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Gach
- Department of Genetics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute in Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magda Rybak-Krzyszkowska
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (M.R.-K.); (H.H.)
| | - Piotr J Witas
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Haemostatic Disorders, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Hubert Huras
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, University Hospital in Krakow, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (M.R.-K.); (H.H.)
| | - Mariusz Grzesiak
- Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute in Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lidia Biesiada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matysiak-Burzyńska ZE, Nowakowska M, Domińska K, Kowalska K, Płuciennik E, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Silencing of angiotensin receptor 1 interferes with angiotensin II oncogenic activity in endometrial cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9110-9121. [PMID: 30105775 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, angiotensin II (AngII) binds to 2 distinct high-affinity plasma membrane receptors: angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) and angiotensin receptor 2 (AT2R). Healthy human endometrium from women of reproductive age expresses all of the components of the renin-angiotensin system. Many studies suggest that AngII, acting via AT1R, may have a role in the development and progression of cancer, which changes the expression of angiogenic factors, AngII and AT1R are correlated with the presence of endometrial cancer (EC). The aim of the current study was to identify the effects of AngII on the proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and mobility of ISHIKAWA, MFE296 and MFE280 EC cells with silenced AT1R. It also examines epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers by gene expression analysis. The obtained results suggest that the silencing of AT1R expression alters the migration and invasion ability of EC cells. However, this silencing is not sufficient to inhibit the effects of AngII on EC cells, suggesting that AngII plays a more complex role in the development of EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna E Matysiak-Burzyńska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nowakowska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka W Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kowalska K, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Neumayer C, Bolliger M, Domenig C, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW, Huk I, Piechota-Polanczyk A. Lower levels of Caveolin-1 and higher levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase are observed in abdominal aortic aneurysm patients treated with simvastatin. Acta Biochim Pol 2018; 65:111-118. [PMID: 29549671 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2017_2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to verify whether simvastatin modulates Cav-1/eNOS expression, and if this modulation is associated with changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) level in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). It is a 1:2 case-control study of non-statin (n=12) and simvastatin-treated patients (n=24) who underwent open AAA repair. Simvastatin treatment decreased Cav-1 (p<0.05) and increased eNOS expression (p<0.01) in the AAA wall. These changes might be dose dependent. The changes in Cav-1 and eNOS were associated with a trend towards decreased IL-6 and IL-17 concentration (p>0.05) and increased IL-10 concentration (p=0.055); however, TLR4 expression was unaffected, suggesting that simvastatin influences Cav-1 and eNOS in the AAA wall by other mechanisms. Simvastatin may modulate Cav-1 and eNOS expression in the aneurysmal wall, indicating a potentially beneficial role for statins in AAA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominika E Habrowska-Górczyńska
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bolliger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Domenig
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ihor Huk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandra Piechota-Polanczyk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Szumilak M, Galdyszynska M, Dominska K, Bak-Sypien II, Merecz-Sadowska A, Stanczak A, Karwowski BT, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Synthesis, Biological Activity and Preliminary in Silico ADMET Screening of Polyamine Conjugates with Bicyclic Systems. Molecules 2017; 22:E794. [PMID: 28498338 PMCID: PMC6153941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamine conjugates with bicyclic terminal groups including quinazoline, naphthalene, quinoline, coumarine and indole have been obtained and their cytotoxic activity against PC-3, DU-145 and MCF-7 cell lines was evaluated in vitro. Their antiproliferative potential differed markedly and depended on both their chemical structure and the type of cancer cell line. Noncovalent DNA-binding properties of the most active compounds have been examined using ds-DNA thermal melting studies and topo I activity assay. The promising biological activity, DNA intercalative binding mode and favorable drug-like properties of bis(naphthalene-2-carboxamides) make them a good lead for further development of potential anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szumilak
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Galdyszynska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego Street, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Kamila Dominska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego Street, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Irena I Bak-Sypien
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Stanczak
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Boleslaw T Karwowski
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka W Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego Street, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego Street, Lodz 90-752, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nowakowska M, Matysiak-Burzyńska Z, Kowalska K, Płuciennik E, Domińska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Angiotensin II promotes endometrial cancer cell survival. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1101-10. [PMID: 27349856 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common female cancers. One of the key processes involved in EC development is uncontrolled proliferation stimulated by local factors such as angiotensin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of angiotensin II (Ang II) on human EC cells. Biological assays and gene expression analysis were performed on three cell lines: ISH, MFE-296 and MFE-280. Our results indicated that at the beginning of cancerogenesis Ang II induced abnormal proliferation at lower doses. We also showed that dose-dependent induction of proliferation was connected with changes in the expression of MKI67, CCND1 and CCNE1 genes in well- and poorly differentiated cancer cells. After Ang II treatment, poorly differentiated endometrial cancer cell line acquired a mesenchymal phenotype, which was characterized by induced expression of EMT-related genes (VIM, CD44, SNAI1, ZEB1 and ZEB2). Our study revealed that Ang II influences EC cells in terms of cancer-related processes, and is responsible for increased proliferation, reduction in apoptosis, increased mobility and modulation of adhesion potential. Its effect and effectiveness appear to be highly connected with the differentiation status of the cancerous cells, as Ang II appears to play a crucial role in the early and late stages of malignant transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Nowakowska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kowalska K, Nowakowska M, Domińska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Coexpression of CAV-1, AT1-R and FOXM1 in prostate and breast cancer and normal cell lines and their influence on metastatic properties. Acta Biochim Pol 2016; 63:493-9. [PMID: 27213551 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2015_1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the coexpression of caveolin-1 (CAV-1), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) and forkhead box Ml (FOXM1) in prostate and breast cancer cell lines, in comparison with normal cell lines. CAV-1, AT1-R and FOXM1 expression was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis in the prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145 and LNCaP; prostate normal cell line PNT1A; breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231; and the normal breast cell line 184A1. A correlation between the expression levels of the investigated genes and their metastatic properties was determined by the Spearman's rank test (P<0.05) and Aspin-Welsch t-test, respectively. In prostate cell lines, a significant correlation was noted between CAV-1 and AT1-R expression and between FOXM1 and CAV-1 expression. A correlation between the expression levels of the investigated genes and their metastatic potential was also observed, with relatively high expression of all the investigated genes in the normal prostate cell line PNT1A. In comparison to prostate cancer cell lines, an adverse dependency between CAV-1, AT1-R, FOXM1 expression and metastatic potential was observed in the breast cancer cell lines. Relatively high expression of all tested genes was observed in the normal breast cell line 184A1, which was decreasing respectively with increasing metastatic potential of breast cancer cell lines. The results obtained here indicate that CAV-1, FOXM1 and AT1-R may be potential markers of tumorigenesis in certain types of cancer in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nowakowska
- Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka W Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Domińska K, Ochędalski T, Kowalska K, Matysiak-Burzyńska ZE, Płuciennik E, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. A common effect of angiotensin II and relaxin 2 on the PNT1A normal prostate epithelial cell line. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:381-92. [PMID: 27119161 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prostate gland is a part of the male reproductive tract which produces both angiotensin II (Ang II) and relaxin 2 (RLN2). The present study analyzes the effect of both these peptide hormones at concentration 10(-8)M on viability, proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion of normal prostate epithelial cells (PNT1A). Improved survival in two- and three-dimensional cell cultures was noted as well as visual changes in colony size and structure in Geltrex™. Stimulatory influence on cell viability of each peptide applied single was lower than in combination. Enhanced survival of PNT1A cells appears to be associated with increased BCL2/BAX messenger RNA (mRNA) expression ratio. Modulation of cell spreading and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion dynamics were also altered as an influence of tested hormone application. However, long-term Ang II and RLN2 effects may lead to an increase of normal prostate cell migration and invasion abilities. Moreover, gelatin zymography revealed that both gelatinases A and B were augmented by Ang II treatment, whereas RLN2 significantly stimulated only MMP-9 secretion. These results support the hypothesis that deregulation of locally secreted peptide hormones such as Ang II and RLN2 may take part in the development of certain cancers, including prostate cancer. Moreover, the observed ability of relaxin 2 to act as a regulator of mRNA expression levels not only LGR7 but also classic angiotensin receptors suggested that renin-angiotensin system and relaxin family peptide system are functionally linked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Ochędalski
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zuzanna E Matysiak-Burzyńska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dominska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW, Pluciennik E, Lachowicz-Ochedalska A, Ochedalski T. A comparison of the effects of Angiotensin IV on androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 14:74-81. [PMID: 22679277 DOI: 10.1177/1470320312447649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiotensin IV is one of the biologically active peptides of the renin-angiotensin system. Limited data suggests that this hexapeptide could contribute to cancer development and/or progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the MTT reduction assay as an indicator of cell viability, and the bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay as an indicator of cell proliferation, the influence of Angiotensin IV was evaluated on two human prostate cancer lines: androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (DU-145). The potential effect of Angiotensin IV classic angiotensin receptors was examined by using the selective antagonists losartan and PD123319. Finally, the changes in expression levels of AT1 and AT2 receptors were compared, before and after angiotensin treatment. RESULTS Angiotensin IV caused significant changes in cell viability and proliferation in LNCaP cells but not in DU-145. It was found that AT2 receptor blocker (PD123319) was able to diminish the suppressor effect of Angiotensin IV on bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into the DNA of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. Simultaneously, it was reported that Angiotensin IV is the factor that modulates the density of AT1 and AT2 receptors in prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that Angiotensin IV can modulate tumour cell proliferation in the early stage of androgen-dependent prostate cancer. The effect might be promoted by the change of the angiotensin receptor level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Dominska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Piastowska-Ciesielska AW, Drobnik J, Zarzyńska J, Domińska K, Russell JA, Ochędalski T. Influence of myocardial infarction on changes in the expression of angiotensin type 1 receptor in the rat prostate. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2012; 49:497-503. [PMID: 22038231 DOI: 10.5603/fhc.2011.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) is the biologically active peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Tissue- based, local RAS has been identified in the prostate, testis, epididymis and coagulating glands. Experimental and clinical studies have consistently shown that myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with activation of the systemic RAS with increased concentration of angiotensin peptides in the blood and changes in expression of angiotensin receptors (AT). Changes in angiotensin receptors in the renal and cardiovascular system after MI are well recognized, but the effects of MI influence on changes in other tissue like the prostate gland are unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of myocardial infarction on angiotensin receptor protein and mRNA expression in the rat prostate gland. MI model was established in Wistar rats by ligating the left coronary artery (modified Selye method). The levels of AT1a-b and AT2 receptor mRNAs and proteins were measured in the rat prostate. Our study demonstrates tissue-specific changes in AT1a-b and AT2 receptor expression after myocardial infarction. The results show that MI has a strong influence on the expression of angiotensin receptor type AT1 in the prostate at the protein and mRNA level.
Collapse
|