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Zulfa VZ, Nasori N, Farahdina U, Firdhaus M, Aziz I, Suprihatin H, Rhomadhoni MN, Rubiyanto A. Highly Sensitive ZnO/Au Nanosquare Arrays Electrode for Glucose Biosensing by Electrochemical and Optical Detection. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020617. [PMID: 36677675 PMCID: PMC9861633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of a ZnO/Au nanosquare-array electrode was successfully carried out for the detection of glucose concentration in biomedical applications. The fabrication of the ZnO/Au nanosquare array using an ultra-thin alumina mask (UTAM) based on the imprinted anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template and the direct current (DC) sputtering method was able to produce a very well-ordered nanosquare arrangement with a side size of 300 nm and a thickness of 100 nm. Tests were done to evaluate the performance of the electrode by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) which showed that the addition of glucose oxidase (GOx) increased the sensitivity of the electrode up to 1180 ± 116 μA mM-1cm-2, compared with its sensitivity prior to the addition of GOx of 188.34 ± 18.70 mA mM-1 cm-2. A iox/ired ratio equal to ~1 between the peaks of redox reactions was obtained for high (hyperglycemia), normal, and low (hypoglycemia) levels of glucose. The ZnO/Au nanosquare-array electrode was 7.54% more sensitive than the ZnO/Au thin-film electrode. Furthermore, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and theoretical calculations of the energy density of the electric and magnetic fields produced by the ZnO/Au electrode were carried out and compared to the results of CV. From the results of CV, FDTD simulation, and theoretical calculations, it was confirmed that the ZnO/Au nanosquare array possessed a significant optical absorption and that the quantum effect from the nanosquare array resulted in a higher sensitivity than the thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinda Zakiyatuz Zulfa
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Sepuluh Nopember Technology Institute, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Nasori Nasori
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Sepuluh Nopember Technology Institute, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ulya Farahdina
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Sepuluh Nopember Technology Institute, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Miftakhul Firdhaus
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Sepuluh Nopember Technology Institute, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Ihwanul Aziz
- Research Center for Accelerator Technology, Research Organization of Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Hari Suprihatin
- Research Center for Accelerator Technology, Research Organization of Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | | | - Agus Rubiyanto
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Sepuluh Nopember Technology Institute, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
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Nasori N, Farahdina U, Zulfa VZ, Firdhaus M, Aziz I, Darsono D, Cao D, Wang Z, Endarko E, Rubiyanto A. A Comparison between Silver Nanosquare Arrays and Silver Thin-Films as a Blood Cancer Prognosis Monitoring Electrode Design Using Optical and Electrochemical Characterization. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:3108. [PMID: 34835873 PMCID: PMC8625830 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of silver (Ag) thin films and the fabrication of Ag nanosquare arrays with the use of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template and leaf extracts were successfully carried out using the DC sputtering and spin coating deposition methods. Ag thin films and Ag nanosquare arrays are developed to monitor cancer prognosis due to the correlation between serum albumin levels and prognostic factors, as well as the binding of serum albumin to the surface of these electrodes. Nanosquare structures were fabricated using AAO templates with varying diameters and a gap distance between adjacent unit cells of 100 nm. The nanosquare array with a diameter of 250 nm and irradiated with electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of around 800 nm possessed the greatest electric field distribution compared to the other variations of diameters and wavelengths. The results of the absorption measurement and simulation showed a greater shift in absorption peak wavelength when carried out using the Ag nanosquare array. The absorption peak wavelengths of the Ag nanosquare array in normal blood and blood with cancer lymphocytes were 700-774 nm and 800-850 nm, respectively. The electrochemical test showed that the sensitivity values of the Ag thin-film electrode deposited using DC sputtering, the Ag thin-film electrode deposited using spin coating, and the Ag nanosquare array in detecting PBS+BSA concentration in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiment were 1.308 µA mM-1cm-2, 0.022 µA mM-1cm-2, and 39.917 µA mM-1cm-2, respectively. Meanwhile, the sensitivity values of the Ag thin film and the Ag nanosquare array in detecting the PBS+BSA concentration in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement were 6593.76 Ohm·cm2/mM and 69,000 Ohm·cm2/mM, respectively. Thus, our analysis of the optical and electrochemical characteristics of Ag thin films and Ag nanosquare arrays showed that both can be used as an alternative biomedical technology to monitor the prognosis of blood cancer based on the concentration of serum albumin in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasori Nasori
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (U.F.); (V.Z.Z.); (M.F.); (E.E.); (A.R.)
- Occupational and Safety Department, Nahdlatul Ulama University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60237, Indonesia
| | - Ulya Farahdina
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (U.F.); (V.Z.Z.); (M.F.); (E.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Vinda Zakiyatuz Zulfa
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (U.F.); (V.Z.Z.); (M.F.); (E.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Miftakhul Firdhaus
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (U.F.); (V.Z.Z.); (M.F.); (E.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Ihwanul Aziz
- Center for Accelerator Sciences and Technology, Yogykarta 60101, Indonesia; (I.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Darsono Darsono
- Center for Accelerator Sciences and Technology, Yogykarta 60101, Indonesia; (I.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Dawei Cao
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jiangsu, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Semiconductor Materials Science Key Laboratory, Semiconductors Institute, Chinese Sciences Academy, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Endarko Endarko
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (U.F.); (V.Z.Z.); (M.F.); (E.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Agus Rubiyanto
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (U.F.); (V.Z.Z.); (M.F.); (E.E.); (A.R.)
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Nurul Aini A, Al Farraj DA, Endarko E, Rubiyanto A, Nur H, Al Khulaifi MM, Hadibarata T, Syafiuddin A. A new green method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activities against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annisa Nurul Aini
- Department of Physics, Faculty of ScienceInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya East Java Indonesia
| | | | - Endarko Endarko
- Department of Physics, Faculty of ScienceInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya East Java Indonesia
| | - Agus Rubiyanto
- Department of Physics, Faculty of ScienceInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya East Java Indonesia
| | - Hadi Nur
- Center for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial ResearchUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Central Laboratory of Minerals and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesState University of Malang Malang East Java Indonesia
| | | | - Tony Hadibarata
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and ScienceCurtin University Miri Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Achmad Syafiuddin
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
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Abdurachman A, Rubiyanto A, Suhariningsih S, Hendromartono H, Gunawan A. The optimal dose of the Low-level laser therapy in the treatment of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Bali Med J 2018. [DOI: 10.15562/bmj.v7i1.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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