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Evren I, Najim AM, Poell JB, Brouns ER, Wils LJ, Peferoen LAN, Brakenhoff RH, Bloemena E, van der Meij EH, de Visscher JGAM. The value of regular follow-up of oral leukoplakia for early detection of malignant transformation. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37936517 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate whether regular follow-up of oral leukoplakia (OL) resulted in early detection of malignant transformation (MT). METHOD Two hundred and twenty-two consecutive patients with OL (147 females, 75 males); median follow-up period of 64 months (range: 12-300). Three groups were distinguished: group A (n = 92) follow-up at the hospital; group B (n = 84) follow-up by their dentist; group C (n = 46) lost to follow-up. RESULTS OLs in group B compared to group A, were smaller in size (<2 cm; p < 0.001), showed more hyperkeratosis (p < 0.001) and less moderate/severe dysplasia (p < 0.001). MT occurred in 45 (20%) patients: 32 (35%) in group A, five (6%) in group B and eight (17%) in group C. There was no significant difference in clinical tumour size between group A (median: 15 mm, range: 1-40) and group B (median: 10 mm, range: 3-25; p = 0.496). Tumour size was smaller for patients in groups A and B (median: 10 mm, range 1-40) compared to group C (median: 33 mm, range: 3-100; p = 0.003). There was a positive correlation between tumour size and interval between the last visit in all patients (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION Regular follow-up of OL resulted in early detection of MT. If properly selected, follow-up of OL performed by the dentist seems feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Evren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmad M Najim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos B Poell
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth R Brouns
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J Wils
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A N Peferoen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H van der Meij
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G A M de Visscher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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