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Khan A, Alahmari A, Arbon P, Wang N, Jokhdar H. Legacy in global health security: Insights from the 5th international conference for mass gatherings medicine. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17 Suppl 1:1-3. [PMID: 38272756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University; Global Centre for Mass Gatheings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.
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Alahdal HM, Ameen F, AlYahya S, Sonbol H, Khan A, Alsofayan Y, Alahmari A. Municipal wastewater viral pollution in Saudi Arabia: effect of hot climate on COVID-19 disease spreading. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:25050-25057. [PMID: 34138435 PMCID: PMC8210523 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The viral RNA of SARS-Coronavirus-2 is known to be contaminating municipal wastewater. We aimed to assess if COVID-19 disease is spreading through wastewater. We studied the amount of viral RNA in raw sewage and the efficiency of the sewage treatment to remove the virus. Sewage water was collected before and after the activated sludge process three times during summer 2020 from three different sewage treatment plants. The sewage treatment was efficient in removing SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Each sewage treatment plant gathered wastewater from one hospital, of which COVID-19 admissions were used to describe the level of disease occurrence in the area. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA-specific target genes (N1, N2, and E) was confirmed using RT-qPCR analysis. However, hospital admission did not correlate significantly with viral RNA. Moreover, viral RNA loads were relatively low, suggesting that sewage might preserve viral RNA in a hot climate only for a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadil M Alahdal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sami AlYahya
- National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Sonbol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 11461, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alsofayan
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 11461, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alahmari
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 11461, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alahdal HM, Ameen F, AlYahya S, Sonbol H, Khan A, Alsofayan Y, Alahmari A. Correction to: Municipal wastewater viral pollution in Saudi Arabia: effect of hot climate on COVID-19 disease spreading. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:25058. [PMID: 34622413 PMCID: PMC8497145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadil M Alahdal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sami AlYahya
- National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Sonbol
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 11461, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alsofayan
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 11461, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alahmari
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 11461, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmed NJ, Alshehri AM, Almalki ZS, Alahmari A. Drug-induced weight gain in the last 10 years: a descriptive study. Pharmazie 2022; 77:299-301. [PMID: 36273256 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2022.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Medication-induced weight gain can be frustrating to patients and health care providers. Drug-induced weight gain is a profound side effect of numerous commonly used medications. The present study aimed to investigate FAERS reports about drug-induced weight gain in the last ten years. Using the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) between 2012 and 2021, a retrospective, descriptive analysis was conducted to analyze the major reported Adverse Events about weight gain. During the last ten years, 137370 reports were submitted to FAERS about drug-induced weight gain. The most common drugs that are reported by the patients and that are associated with weight gain were risperidone (11.55%), adalimumab (3.94%), pregabalin (3.86%), aripiprazole (3.1%), etanercept (2.72%), and prednisone (2.70%). In conclusion, the present study showed that drug-induced weight gain is a common side effect of several medications frequently used to treat chronic diseases. Healthcare providers should educate their patients about the medicines that may cause weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z S Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alahmari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
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Almuzaini Y, Alburayh M, Alahmari A, Alamri F, Sabbagh AY, Alsalamah M, Khan A. Mitigation strategies for heat-related illness during mass gatherings: Hajj experience. Front Public Health 2022; 10:957576. [PMID: 36062122 PMCID: PMC9433897 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.957576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To mitigate morbidity, mortality, and impacts of heat-related illnesses (HRIs) on health, it was vital to implement a comprehensive framework for HRI prevention and control. A recognized tool from the field of trauma prevention known as the Haddon matrix was applied. The matrix states that any event is affected by three factors: host, agent, and environment. In addition, another recognized tool known as the combined model was used in this study. The combined model is a three-dimensional model that includes the idea for the three axes of Haddon's matrix with the methodology of the community risk reduction (CRR) model. Aim of the study To identify the environmental and individual risk factors of HRIs based on the Haddon matrix and the recommended prevention strategies by the CRR tool by using the combined model. Methodology An extensive literature review was conducted to assess all the risk factors associated with HRI, as well as preventive measures. Then the Haddon matrix was used to structure, separating human factors from technical and environmental details and timing. After that, the combined model was used to set all responses and mitigation measures for each element obtained from the Haddon matrix tool. Conclusion Projected increases in heat stress over the globe require the formulation and implementation of evidence-based HRI mitigation and preventive measures. In this study, we implemented the combined model that was utilized as a systematic strategy for the more theoretical framework of Haddon's matrix. Using the Haddon matrix to determine the HRI risk factors and the combined model to mitigate its impact was practical and helpful in planning, preparedness, and mitigating the HRIs during Hajj, provided a broad approach equivalent to the Swiss cheese model, and would facilitate an informed decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Almuzaini
- Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Yasir Almuzaini
| | - Marriyah Alburayh
- Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alahmari
- Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alamri
- Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Majid Alsalamah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Khan
- Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Khan A, Almuzaini Y, Aburas A, Alharbi NK, Alghnam S, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alahmari A, Alsofayan YM, Alamri F, Garout MA, Assiri AM, Jokhdar HA. A combined model for COVID-19 pandemic control: The application of Haddon's matrix and community risk reduction tools combined. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:261-269. [PMID: 35065359 PMCID: PMC8759149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To mitigate morbidity, mortality, and impacts of COVID-19 on health, it was essential to implement a comprehensive framework for COVID-19 control and prevention. A well-recognized tool from the field of injury prevention known as the Haddon matrix was utilized. The matrix states that any accident is affected by the host, agent, and environment. Another well-recognized tool used by the national fire protection association known as the Community risk reduction tool (CRR). The (CRR) tool utilizes the Five E's of Community Risk Reduction. AIM OF THE STUDY To describe the risk factors that increase the susceptibility and the severity of COVID-19 infection based on the Haddon matrix and the proposed prevention strategies by the CRR tool by using the combined model. METHODOLOGY We reviewed the literature to assess known factors contributing to COVID-19 susceptibility, infection, and severity of infection. We then used the Haddon matrix to structure, separating human factors from technical and environmental details and timing. We then used the community risk reduction (CRR) model to set all responses and control measures for each element obtained from the Haddon matrix tool. Subsequently, we incorporated both tools to develop the combined model. CONCLUSION we proposed and implemented a combined model that utilizes the CRR model as the systematic strategy for the more theoretical framework of Haddon's matrix. Combining both models was practical and helpful in planning the preparedness and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia that can be generalized to national and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; The Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Almuzaini
- The Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alhanouf Aburas
- The Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- Vaccine Development Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah, International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), 11481 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Alghnam
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (USA)
| | - Ahmed Alahmari
- The Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fahad Alamri
- The Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Garout
- Associate Professor of Community Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hani A Jokhdar
- Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
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Khan A, Alsofayan Y, Alahmari A, Alowais J, Algwizani A, Alserehi H, Assiri A, Jokhdar H. COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: the national health response. East Mediterr Health J 2021; 27:1114-1124. [PMID: 34927716 DOI: 10.26719/emhj.21.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), most countries rushed to take early measures to control this disease. Aims This paper describes and evaluates the Saudi Arabian strategic preparedness and response plan on COVID-19 up to 31 December 2020. Methods Saudi Arabia adopted the World Health Organization's guidelines on response to COVID-19, which are based on nine pillars of public health preparedness and response. The measures Saudi Arabia took are assessed against these pillars. Results In response to COVID-19, Saudi Arabia prepared public and private institutions to deal with the pandemic. Saudi authorities established a governance system comprised of responsible committees to continuously monitor national and international updates, trace contacts, screen the population, raise awareness and take proper actions to contain the spread of this disease. After the announcement of the first case in Saudi Arabia, all schools, social events, sports activities, domestic travel and international flights were suspended. Restrictions on social movement, social and religious gatherings, travel and businesses were imposed ahead of the first 100 confirmed COVID-19 cases. The Hajj pilgrimage for 2020 was scaled down to limit participants and no cases of COVID-19 were detected among pilgrims. The country maintained all basic health services and immunization programmes and supported all proposals for COVID-19 drugs and vaccines. The country is working to develop its capacity to produce these products and achieve self-sufficiency. Conclusion Saudi Arabia took extreme measures to respond to COVID-19 which contributed to limiting the spread and effect of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alsofayan
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alahmari
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jalal Alowais
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammed ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Haleema Alserehi
- Executive Department for Global Health, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hani Jokhdar
- Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mostafa A, Alrefaei N, Alraddadi A, Alharbi S, Alahmari A, Alturaiki A, Alzahrani K. Knowledge and Attitude Concerning the Dental Treatment of Patients with HIV/AIDS among Dental Students and Dentists in Saudi Arabia. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i48b33289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aims: to assess the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and attitude among dental students and dentists in KSA, to explore the association between the dental students’ knowledge toward HIV, their age, gender, and academic year and to compare the level of knowledge among dental students, interns, and dentists.
Study design: This is an observational cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in Saudi Arabia at Jeddah, Riyadh, Almadina, Hail, Dammam, Jazan, and Sakaka cities from December 2020 to August 2021.
Methodology: Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Background information and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes were collected using a self-administered -based questionnaire, the first section assessed demographic data, while the second section assessed knowledge and attitudes towards dental treatment for HIV/AIDS patients.
Results: The total number of participants was 461. The percentage of age distribution 49.7% were 30 years. Following; knowledge-based group 50.5%, 1.5% and 47.1% 14 considered blood, saliva are possible HIV origins. 83.3% believe that HIV is transfusion origin. 15 While, 3.3% considered disease is contiguous and 4.8% believe it is due to sharing of food.
Conclusion: Current study reveals a lack of knowledge and attitude among dental students 17 and dentists, with insignificant variations. More education regarding AIDS patients is needed 18 in dentistry community.
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Khan A, Alahmari A, Almuzaini Y, Alturki N, Aburas A, Alamri FA, Albagami M, Alzaid M, Alharbi T, Alomar R, Abu Tayli M, Assiri AM, Jokhdar HA. The Role of Digital Technology in Responding to COVID-19 Pandemic: Saudi Arabia's Experience. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:3923-3934. [PMID: 34584470 PMCID: PMC8464602 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s317511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a single-chain ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. As of March 25, 2021, the total number of positive cases and fatalities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) had reached 386,300 and 6624, respectively, with a case fatality rate of 1.71%. The KSA was among the leading nations to heed the advice of WHO officials and put strict precautionary and preventive measures in place to curb the early spread of COVID-19 before it was declared a global pandemic. Methodology This was an uncontrolled before–after study following a mixed-method approach for data collection. National and regional data were extracted from the Health Electronic Surveillance Network (HESN), a centralized public health collection system for quantitative and statistical data. Quantitative and qualitative methods have been utilized in studying data derived from tech media. Results The Saudi authorities utilized different technological tools to aid in managing and combating the COVID-19 pandemic. In the case of Al Madinah Al Mounawarah, after the implementation of several technologies, the most important being Tawakkalna, the number of active daily cases decreased by 61%. Conclusion The use of the Tawakkalna application was proven to be a successful method in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic in the KSA. This vital and essential experience warrants the use of different digital technology that offers a personalized profile displaying the person’s status (affected, vaccinated, or no history of infection). This application played and will continue to play a crucial and effective role in pandemic containment in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Global Center of Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alahmari
- Global Center of Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Almuzaini
- Global Center of Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alturki
- Global Center of Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanouf Aburas
- Health Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alamri
- Global Center of Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albagami
- Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alzaid
- Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alharbi
- Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Alomar
- Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Abu Tayli
- Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hani A Jokhdar
- Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Almuzaini Y, Alsohime F, Subaie SA, Temsah MH, Alsofayan Y, Alamri F, Alahmari A, Alahdal H, Sonbol H, Almaghrabi R, Nahhas M, Khan A. Clinical profiles associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and complications from coronavirus disease-2019 in children from a national registry in Saudi Arabia. Ann Thorac Med 2021; 16:280-286. [PMID: 34484444 PMCID: PMC8388572 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_709_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Exploring clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in children may help in prevention and treatment guidelines. AIMS The aim of the to describe the spectrum of pediatric COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study involving pediatric COVID-19 patients across all Saudi regions. METHODS All patients aged between 2 months and 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. The primary end point was the hospitalization. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Descriptive statistics were used to describe the baseline demographic data and clinical characteristics. Numerical data were explored using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk test, while Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used for categorical data. RESULTS Among the 654 pediatric COVID-19 patients, 4.7% (n = 31) were hospitalized, with one patient only needing pediatric intensive care admission. Sex, breastfeeding, birth status, and the patients' living environment showed no significant association with hospitalization. Most children (80.3%, n = 525) were symptomatic, with two symptoms that were significantly associated with admission, namely, vomiting (P = 0.007) and nausea (P = 0.026). History of admission within the last year was identified in 10.4% (n = 68) children but had no association with worse outcome. The median duration of hospitalization for the entire group was 5.5 days, with longest hospital stay for age group 7-12 years (median 6 days). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 is usually a milder disease in children. Although having preexisting medical conditions was linked to a longer hospitalization, it was not associated with worse outcome. Continuous surveillance will allow additional characterization of the burden and outcomes of pediatric COVID-19-associated hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Almuzaini
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsohime
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatric, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Al Subaie
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatric, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Hani Temsah
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatric, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alsofayan
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alamri
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alahmari
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadil Alahdal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Sonbol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Almaghrabi
- Department of Pediatric, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Nahhas
- School Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Angiocentric glioma is a rare brain tumor commonly found in frontal or temporal lobes. It has a benign course, and surgical resection can be curative. Brainstem location is extremely rare, with only six cases reported so far in the literature. In the present study, the seventh case of brainstem angiocentric glioma has been reported, and its course in comparison with supratentorial location and the role of molecular diagnosis has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz O Almubarak
- Neuroscience Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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Alamri F, Alsofayan Y, AlRuthia Y, Alahmari A, Almuzaini Y, Abo Gazalah F, Alradini F, Alaama T, Khan A. Predictors of Hospitalization Among Older Adults with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Nationally Representative Sample. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:875-886. [PMID: 33692640 PMCID: PMC7938228 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s294786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of hospitalization in older (≥60 years) patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia. Methods Patients were randomly selected from a COVID-19 database maintained by the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. All patients were aged ≥60 years, had reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19, and were registered in the database during March 2020 to July 2020. Medical and sociodemographic characteristics were retrieved from the database. Additional data were collected by telephone interviews conducted by trained health professionals. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between patient characteristics and the risk of hospitalization. Results Of the 613 included patients (51.1% females), more than half (57.3%) were between 60 to 69 years of age, and 53% (324/613) had been hospitalized. The independent predictors of hospitalization included age ≥65 years (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.66–3.33, P < 0.001), having more than one comorbidity (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.09–2.20, P = 0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.09–2.11, P = 0.01), hypertension (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.007–1.97, P = 0.04), chronic kidney disease (OR = 3.87, 95% CI: 1.41–10.58, P = 0.008), and history of hospital admission within the preceding year (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.11–2.55, P = 0.013). Risk of hospitalization was lower in males (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.90, P = 0.01) and in patients co-living with health care workers (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.96, P = 0.03). Conclusion Factors associated with higher risk of COVID-19-associated hospitalization should be used in prioritizing older adults’ admission. Future studies with more robust designs should be conducted to examine the risk of COVID-19-associated illness severity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alamri
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alsofayan
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazed AlRuthia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alahmari
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Almuzaini
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Abo Gazalah
- General Director of Health Centers Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faten Alradini
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareef Alaama
- Deputyship of Therapeutic Services, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Khan
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Almuzaini Y, Mushi A, Aburas A, Yassin Y, Alamri F, Alahmari A, Yezli S, Khan AA, Jokhdar HA. Risk Communication Effectiveness During COVID-19 Pandemic Among General Population in Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:779-790. [PMID: 33658873 PMCID: PMC7917303 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s294885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The novel coronavirus (COVID-19), declared a pandemic by WHO in March 2020, is an unprecedented occurrence in our recent history. Effective risk communication by health authorities, through relaying reliable and authoritative information, is imperative in combating the spread of the outbreak. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of risk communication campaign and overall awareness during COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional survey of 5472 individuals in Saudi Arabia was conducted to assess several factors regarding the risk communication messages during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the knowledge and response of the general population toward COVID-19 and MoH efforts. The questionnaire was divided into five main sections: general knowledge of COVID-19, channels and social media platforms used perceived risk and stress or panic toward COVID-19, satisfaction and community perception, most trusted source of information, and type of information received. Results A total of 5472 individuals participated in the study residing in Saudi Arabia. Overall knowledge of COVID-19 was determined to be above average (0.58 + 0.159). Of the general population, 57.1% perceived that the risk of getting sick with COVID-19 is low, while nearly half of the respondents (45.7%) have a high level of stress and panic toward COVID-19. The majority of responders to the questionnaire reinforced that MoH was their most trusted source of information for the COVID-19 pandemic (91.7%). Conclusion This study showed that the risk communication campaign by healthcare authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic has improved the awareness among the general population in Saudi Arabia, where the overwhelming majority placed high trust in the MoH as its main reference for COVID-19 information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Almuzaini
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 12341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Mushi
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 12341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanouf Aburas
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 12341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara Yassin
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 12341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alamri
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 12341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alahmari
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 12341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saber Yezli
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 12341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas A Khan
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 12341, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani A Jokhdar
- Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Alsaleh M, Alkofide A, Ali A, Ghemlas I, Aljefri A, Ayas M, Alseraihy A, Elenazi A, Alahmari A, Alfawaz I, Bushnak D, Hazeem M, Ahmad A, Farhan N, Alhmouz A. Incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in childhood cancers from a tertiary care centre: a unique registry initiative with an open invitation. Leuk Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(19)30270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Alkahtane AA, Albasher G, Al-Sultan NK, Alqahtani WS, Alarifi S, Almeer RS, Alghamdi J, Ali D, Alahmari A, Alkahtani S. Long-term treatment with finasteride induces apoptosis and pathological changes in female mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:762-774. [PMID: 30943778 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119842195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of alopecia, and it affects humans of both genders. Finasteride is a type II selective 5α-reductase inhibitor that is administered orally to treat androgenetic alopecia and benign prostatic hyperplasia in human males. However, its effect on the vital organs of females is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effects of finasteride on the vital organs such as liver, kidney, and heart of female mice. To study the prospective effects of finasteride, female mice were orally administered two doses of finasteride (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) once daily for 35 days, and serum levels of various biochemical parameters and histopathology of various organs were examined. The results showed that serum levels of alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased by both high- and low-dose finasteride, whereas cholesterol was significantly increased by the high dose only. Creatine kinase was significantly increased by the high and low doses, whereas glucose was significantly decreased by both doses. Histopathological analysis and DNA damage assays showed that finasteride has adverse effects within both the short and the long periods in female mice. In addition, the proapoptotic genes Bax and caspase-3 were significantly increased by high dose finasteride, whereas the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 was significantly decreased by the low and high doses. In conclusion, finasteride is not currently approved for therapeutic use in females, and the findings in this study suggest caution in any future consideration of such use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Alkahtane
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Albasher
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N K Al-Sultan
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - W S Alqahtani
- 2 Department of Forensic Biology, College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alarifi
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R S Almeer
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Alghamdi
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Ali
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alahmari
- 3 Department of Biology, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alkahtani
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alahmari A, Al Maary J. Colonic atresia associated with imperforate anus in a patient with down syndrome, expect the unexpected. Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Alahmari A, Herrington L, Jones R, Liu A, Neamatallah Z. THE RELIABILITY OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) BIOMECHANICAL VARIABLES DURING MULTIDIRECTIOANAL SINGLE LEG LANDING. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Alahmari A, Kowlessar B, Patel A, Mackay A, Brill S, Allinson J, Singh R, Wedzicha J, Donaldson G. S32 The Relationship Between Exercise Capacity And Inflammatory Markers At Copd Exacerbation. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lary A, Alzahrani A, Alahmari A, Alshardan M. NI-51 * STEREOTACTIC ROBOT-GUIDED BIOPSIES OF BRAIN LESIONS: EXPERIENCE WITH 4 CASES. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou264.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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