The first peptide derivatives of dioxybiphenyl-bridged spiro cyclotriphosphazenes: In vitro cytotoxicity activities and DNA damage studies

In this study, we aimed to synthesize new peptide-substituted cyclotriphosphazenes from a series of tyrosine-based peptides and dioxyphenyl-substituted spirocyclotriphosphazenes, and to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity activities. Genotoxicity studies were conducted to understand whether the cytotoxic compounds cause cell death through DNA damage. The structures of the novel series of phosphazenes were characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis, MS, 1D (³¹P, ¹H, and ¹³C-APT NMR), and 2D (HETCOR) NMR spectroscopic techniques. In vitro cytotoxic activities were carried out against human breast (MCF-7), ovarian (A2780), prostate (PC-3), colon (Caco-2) cancer cell lines and human normal epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) at different concentrations by using an MTT assay. The compounds showed considerable reductions in cell viability against all human cancer cell lines. Especially, the compounds exhibited notable effects in A2780 cell lines (p < 0.05). The IC₅₀ values of the compounds in the A2780 cell line were calculated to be 1.914 µM for TG, 20.21 µM for TV, 20.45 µM for TA, 4.643 µM for TP, 5.615 µM for BTG, 1.047 µM for BTV, 27.02 µM for BTA, 0.7734 µM for BTP, 21.5 µM for DTG, 1.65 µM for DTV, 2.89 µM for DTA and 4.599 µM for DTP. DNA damage studies of the compounds were conducted by the comet assay method using tail length, tail density, olive tail moment, head length, and head density parameters, and the results showed that the cell death occurred through DNA damage mechanism. In a nutshell, these compounds show promising cytotoxic effects and can be considered powerful candidate molecules for pharmaceutical applications.

Hydrogen-bond-driven supramolecular helical assembly of a coumarin-substituted phthalonitrile derivative: synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity against colorectal adenocarcinoma

Phthalonitrile derivatives are generally reported to crystallize in space groups P21/c and P 1 in the literature. In this study, 7-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-3-pentylcoumarin (2) and its phthalonitrile derivative (2d) were crystallized; 2d crystallized in the rare trigonal space group R 3. In the phthalonitrile derivative (2d), weak C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions promoted the formation of supramolecular double helices, and these supramolecular P and M double helices came together to form a honeycomb-like architectural motif involving one-dimensional tubular channels. In silico molecular-docking studies were performed to support the experimental processes and the results agree with each other. In vitro studies of compounds 2 and 2d were performed in LoVo colorectal adenocarcinoma and CCD18Co healthy human cell lines using flow cytometry. For compounds 2 and 2d, there was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in both early and late apoptosis with respect to the control in a dose-dependent manner.

Synthesis of new cinnamoyl-amino acid conjugates and in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies

  Amino acid conjugates are described by the reaction of amino acids with bioactive organic groups such as vitamins, hormones, flavonoids, steroids, and sugars. In this study, 12 new conjugates were synthesized by reaction of cinnamic acid derivatives with various amino acids. Cytotoxic studies against four different human cancer cells (MCF7, PC-3, Caco-2, and A2780) were carried out by MTT assay method at five different concentrations. The structure-activity relationships based on the cell viability rates were evaluated. To compare the anticancer activities of the compounds using computational chemistry methods, they were docked against A2780 human ovarian cancer, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7), human prostate cancer (PC-3) and human colon epidermal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell lines and compared with the standard 5-Fluorouracil. The results indicate that the efficacy of cinnamic acid derivatives increases with the presence of amino acids. Comet assay was conducted to understand whether the cell deaths occur through DNA damage mechanism and the results exhibit that the changes in the specified parameters were statistically significant (P<0.05). Our study demonstrated that the compounds cause cell death through the formation of DNA damage mechanism.

(E)-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(substituted-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-ones: Synthesis, In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity and Molecular Docking Studies

A series of chalcone compounds (2-11) were designed and synthesized to determine their cytotoxic effects. The structures of 2-11 were fully characterized by their physical and spectral data. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of 2-11 were evaluated against human ovarian cancer (A2780), breast cancer (MCF-7) and prostate cancer (PC-3 and LNCaP) cell lines. The activity potentials of compounds were further evaluated through molecular docking studies with AutoDock4 and Vina softwares. All the compounds (except compound 5) showed significant cytotoxic effects at high doses in all cancer cell lines. Among all the compounds studied, one compound i.e. compound 2 demonstrated dose-dependent activity, particularly against A2780/LNCaP cancer cell lines. The most effective compounds 8, 9, 10 and 11 reduced the cell viability of A2780, MCF-7, PC-3 and LNCaP cells by 50-98%, while other compounds 2, 4 and 7 reduced the cell viability of A2780 cells by 70-90% at concentrations of 50 and 100 µM.

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterizations of hexakis[(1-(4'-oxyphenyl)-3-(substituted-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one)]cyclotriphosphazenes: their in vitro cytotoxic activity, theoretical analysis and molecular docking studies

The hexachlorocyclotriphosphaze compound (N₃P₃Cl₆, HCCP) was reacted with excess (E)-(1-(4'-oxyphenyl)-3-(substituted-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-ones (2-11) to produce hexakis[(1-(4-oxyphenyl)-3-(substituted-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one)]cyclotriphosphazenes (CP 2-11). The structures of products (CP 2-11) were confirmed using elemental analysis, FT-IR, MS spectral analysis as well as ³¹P, ¹H and ¹³C-APT NMR techniques and their thermal properties determined by TGA and DSC techniques. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap and chemical reactivity identifiers were calculated and HOMO and LUMO images were viewed. According to the calculations, all the chemical potential values of CP 2-11 are negative and it shown that the molecules are stable. The in vitro cytotoxic of CP 2-11 investigated and their activity potentials were evaluated by molecular docking studies with Autodock Vina softwares. CP 2-11 compounds were found to demonstrate cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines (A2780, LNCaP and PC-3). The CP 2-11 compounds reduced the cell viability against all cancer cell lines in the range 36%-90% especially. The results showed that these compounds are powerful candidate molecules for pharmaceutical applications.

4-{4-[(E)-(2-Hy-droxy-phen-yl)imino-methyl]phen-oxy}benzene-1,2-di-carbo-nitrile

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(21)H(13)N(3)O(2), contains two independent mol-ecules with a similar structure. In one mol-ecule, the central benzene ring is oriented with respect to the terminal benzene rings at 27.23 (7) and 67.96 (7)°; in the other mol-ecule, the corresponding dihedral angles are 12.42 (7) and 64.55 (7)°. In both molecules, there is a short O-H⋯N interaction involving the OH group and the adjacent N atom. In the crystal, there are O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, and C-H⋯O and N-H⋯O interactions linking the molecules to form a three-dimensional network. π-π stacking between the pyridine and benzene rings and between the benzene rings [centroid-centroid distances = 3.989 (2), 3.705 (2) and 3.607 (2) Å] may further stabilize the structure. A weak C-H⋯π inter-action is present in the crystal.

4-(Furan-2-ylmeth-oxy)benzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile

In the title compound, C₁₃H₈N₂O₂, prepared from furfuryl alcohol and 4-nitro­phthalonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate in dimethyl­formamide, the furan and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 53.45 (9)°. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network.

A kinetic study of mercury(II) transport through a membrane assisted by new transport reagent

BACKGROUND

A new organodithiophosphorus derivative, namely O-(1,3-Bispiperidino-2-propyl)-4-methoxy phenyldithiophosphonate, was synthesized and then the kinetic behavior of the transport process as a function of concentration, temperature, stirring rate and solvents was investigated.

RESULTS

The compound 1 was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopies. The transport of mercury(II) ion by a zwitterionic dithiophosphonate 1 in the liquid membrane was studied and the kinetic behavior of the transport process as a function of concentration, temperature, stirring rate and solvents was investigated. The compound 1 is expected to serve as a model liquid membrane transport with mercury(II) ions.

CONCLUSION

A kinetic study of mercury(II) transport through a membrane assisted by O-(1,3-Bispiperidino-2-propyl)-4-methoxy phenyldithiophosphonate was performed. It can be concluded that the compound 1 can be provided a general and straightforward route to remove toxic metals ions such as mercury(II) ion from water or other solution.

Synthesis and characterization of alkyl- and acyl-substituted oxime–phosphazenes

Two oxime–cyclophosphazenes were prepared from the hexakis(4-formylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (2) and hexakis(4-acetylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (8). The reactions of these oximes with ethyl bromide, allyl bromide, propanoyl chloride, and acriloyl chloride were studied. Hexasubstituted compounds were obtained from the reactions of hexakis{4-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]phenoxy}cyclotriphosphazene (3) with ethyl bromide (4), allyl bromide (5), and propanoyl chloride (6), however, the oxime groups on 3 rearranged to nitrile (7) in the reaction of 3 with acriloyl chloride. Hexasubstituted compounds were also obtained from the reactions of hexakis{4-[(1)-N-hydroxyethaneimidoyl]phenoxy}cyclotriphosphazene (9) with allyl bromide (11) and propanoyl chloride (12). Tetra- and penta-substituted products were obtained from the reactions of 9 with ethyl bromide (10) and acriloyl chloride (13), respectively. All products were generally obtained in high yields. The structures of the compounds were defined by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Key words: hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, phosphazene, oxime, oxime derivatives, oxime–phosphazenes.