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Knowles G, Gayer-Anderson C, Blakey R, Davis S, Lowis K, Stanyon D, Ofori A, Turner A, Dorn L, Beards S, Pinfold V, Reininghaus U, Harding S, Morgan C. Cohort Profile: Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent mental Health (REACH). Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:e303-e313. [PMID: 35348706 PMCID: PMC9557858 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Knowles
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College
London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College
London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Blakey
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College
London, London, UK
| | - Samantha Davis
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College
London, London, UK
| | - Katie Lowis
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Stanyon
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Aisha Ofori
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Turner
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College
London, London, UK
| | - Lynsey Dorn
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College
London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Stephanie Beards
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- National Children’s Bureau, London, UK
| | | | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health,
Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Seeromanie Harding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty
of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Corresponding author. ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health,
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5
8AF, UK. E-mail:
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Knowles G, Gayer-Anderson C, Beards S, Blakey R, Davis S, Lowis K, Stanyon D, Ofori A, Turner A, Working Group S, Pinfold V, Bakolis I, Reininghaus U, Harding S, Morgan C. Mental distress among young people in inner cities: the Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent Mental Health (REACH) study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 75:jech-2020-214315. [PMID: 33558428 PMCID: PMC8142438 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-214315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent estimates suggest around 14% of 11-16 years in England have a mental health problem. However, we know very little about the extent and nature of mental health problems among diverse groups in densely populated inner cities, where contexts and experiences may differ from the national average. AIMS To estimate the extent and nature of mental health problems in inner city London, overall and by social group, using data from our school-based accelerated cohort study of adolescent mental health, Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent Mental Health. METHODS Self-report data on mental health (general mental health, depression, anxiety, self-harm) were analysed (n, 4353; 11-14 years, 85% minority ethnic groups). Mixed models were used to estimate weighted prevalences and adjusted risks of each type of problem, overall and by gender, cohort, ethnic group and free school meals (FSM) status. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of mental health problems was 18.6% (95% CI 16.4% to 20.8%). Each type of mental health problem was more common among girls compared with boys (adjusted risk ratios: mental health problems, 1.33, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.48; depression, 1.52, 1.30 to 1.73; anxiety, 2.09, 1.58 to 2.59, self-harm, 1.40, 1.06 to 1.75). Gender differences were more pronounced in older cohorts compared with the youngest. Mental health problems (1.28, 1.05 to 1.51) and self-harm (1.29, 1.02 to 1.56)-but not depression or anxiety-were more common among those receiving (vs not receiving) FSM. There were many similarities, with some variations, by ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent mental health problems and self-harm are common in inner city London. Gender differences in mental health problems may emerge during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Knowles
- Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Beards
- Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
- National Childrens Bureau, London, UK
| | - Rachel Blakey
- Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Samantha Davis
- Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Lowis
- Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Stanyon
- Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aisha Ofori
- Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Turner
- Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ioannis Bakolis
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Services and Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Craig Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
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