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Sivan S, Shankar SS, N S, Kandambath Padinjareveetil A, Pilankatta R, Kumar VBS, Mathew B, George B, Makvandi P, Černík M, Padil VVT, Varma RS. Fabrication of a Greener TiO 2@Gum Arabic-Carbon Paste Electrode for the Electrochemical Detection of Pb 2+ Ions in Plastic Toys. ACS Omega 2020; 5:25390-25399. [PMID: 33043219 PMCID: PMC7542840 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel greener methodology is reported for the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) using gum Arabic (Acacia senegal) and the characterization of the ensuing TiO2 NPs by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution-TEM, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of TiO2 NPs in the anatase phase with high crystal purity, while TEM confirmed the size to be 8.9 ± 1.5 nm with a spherical morphology. The electrode for the electrochemical detection of Pb2+ ions was modified by a carbon paste fabricated using the synthesized TiO2 NPs. Compared to the bare electrode, the fabricated electrode exhibited improved electro-catalytic activity toward the reduction of Pb2+ ions. The detection limit, quantification limit, and the sensitivity of the developed electrode were observed by using differential pulse voltammetry to be 506 ppb, 1.68 ppm, and 0.52 ± 0.01 μA μM-1, respectively. The constructed electrode was tested for the detection of lead content in plastic toys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarojini Sharath Shankar
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periye 671316, India
| | - Sajina N
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periye 671316 India
| | | | - Rajendra Pilankatta
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periye 671316, India
| | - V. B. Sameer Kumar
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periye 671316, India
| | - Beena Mathew
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Bini George
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periye 671316 India
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran
University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6153753843, Iran
- Institute
for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Department
of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials,
Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech
Republic
| | - Vinod V. T. Padil
- Department
of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials,
Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech
Republic
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech
Republic
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