1
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Boretti A. Selectively addressing total risk avoidance for certain chemicals while overlooking others: The case of per-and-poly-fluoroalkyls. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 149:105602. [PMID: 38499056 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Melbourne Institute of Technology, 288 Latrobe Street, Melbourne, 3000, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Boretti A. Improving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies by using artificial intelligence and internet of things technologies: A narrative review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 974:176618. [PMID: 38679117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses a formidable challenge in the field of medical science, prompting the exploration of innovative and efficient treatment strategies. One revolutionary breakthrough in cancer therapy is Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, an avant-garde method involving the customization of a patient's immune cells to combat cancer. Particularly successful in addressing blood cancers, CAR T-cell therapy introduces an unprecedented level of effectiveness, offering the prospect of sustained disease management. As ongoing research advances to overcome current challenges, CAR T-cell therapy stands poised to become an essential tool in the fight against cancer. Ongoing enhancements aim to improve its effectiveness and reduce time and cost, with the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The synergy of AI and IoT could enable more precise tailoring of CAR T-cell therapy to individual patients, streamlining the therapeutic process. This holds the potential to elevate treatment efficacy, mitigate adverse effects, and expedite the overall progress of CAR T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Independent Scientist, Johnsonville, Wellington, New Zealand.
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3
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Boretti A. Potential use of curcumin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus infection. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1165-1169. [PMID: 37083191 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
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4
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Boretti A. Revisiting Masselot et al. (2023): assessing the share of excess mortality linked to cold and hot weather in Europe. Int J Biometeorol 2024; 68:527-533. [PMID: 38085338 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
While a considerable focus has been placed on excess fatalities during hot weather, a reanalysis of European data reveals that excess mortality attributed to cold weather is significantly more pronounced, surpassing that linked to hot weather by an order of magnitude. These ratios are noteworthy: 56.32 for the United Kingdom, 43.56 for Northern Europe, 8.49 for Western Europe, 12.41 for Eastern Europe, 5.50 for Southern Europe, and an overall ratio of 10.09 for Europe as a whole. These ratios of cold to hot excess deaths indicate a significant disparity in the number of excess deaths caused by cold weather compared to those caused by hot weather. This significant difference underscores the greater health risks and vulnerabilities associated with cold weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Melbourne Institute of Technology, 288 Latrobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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5
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Boretti A. Curcumin-Based Fixed Dose Combination Products for Cholesterol Management: A Narrative Review. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:300-308. [PMID: 38357288 PMCID: PMC10863436 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol compound that belongs to a class of molecules known as curcuminoids, may interact with various biological macromolecules in the body, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Curcumin-based fixed-dose combination (FDC) products enhance curcumin stability and bioavailability for better clinical use in cholesterol management. Preclinical studies on curcumin and cholesterol are mostly positive. Obstacles are the variable composition of the many different curcumin-based FDC products, the lack of standards, and the limitation of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted for specific products. Once these downfalls have been addressed, curcumin-based FDC products have great potential for cholesterol management. They can supplement the uptake of statins, reducing their dosage for the same controlling effects or even replacing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Melbourne Institute of Technology, The Argus, 288 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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6
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Boretti A. Evidence for the use of curcumin in radioprotection and radiosensitization. Phytother Res 2024; 38:464-469. [PMID: 36897074 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has antineoplastic properties and is considered a chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agent. Curcumin may be associated with radiation therapy (RT) as a radiosensitizer for cancer cells and a radioprotector for normal cells. In principle, it may result in a reduction of RT dosage for the same therapeutic effect on cancer cells, and further reduced damage to normal cells. Though the overall level of evidence is modest, limited to in vivo and in vitro experiences and practically no clinical trials, as the risks of adverse effects are extremely low, it is reasonable to promote the general supplementation with curcumin during RT targeting the reduction of side effects through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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7
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Boretti A. mRNA vaccine boosters and impaired immune system response in immune compromised individuals: a narrative review. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:23. [PMID: 38280109 PMCID: PMC10821957 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Over the last 24 months, there has been growing evidence of a correlation between mRNA COVID-19 vaccine boosters and increased prevalence of COVID-19 infection and other pathologies. Recent works have added possible causation to correlation. mRNA vaccine boosters may impair immune system response in immune compromised individuals. Multiple doses of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines may result in much higher levels of IgG 4 antibodies, or also impaired activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. The opportunity for mRNA vaccine boosters to impair the immune system response needs careful consideration, as this impacts the cost-to-benefit ratio of the boosters' practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Melbourne Institute of Technology, The Argus, 288 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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8
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Boretti A. On the choice of Molnupiravir and Paxlovid as the only antivirals permitted for COVID-19 infection in Australia. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4033-4034. [PMID: 36752889 PMCID: PMC9906570 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- , Johnsonville Road, Johnsonville, 6037, Wellington , New Zealand.
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9
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Boretti A. There is no reason to persist in the linear no-threshold (LNT) assumption. J Environ Radioact 2023; 266-267:107239. [PMID: 37393723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Johnsonville Road, Johnsonville, Wellington, 6037, New Zealand.
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10
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Boretti A. Effectiveness of fluvoxamine at preventing COVID-19 infection from turning severe. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 67:83-85. [PMID: 36640691 PMCID: PMC9744705 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Independent Scientist, Johnsonville Road, Johnsonville, Wellington 6037, New Zealand.
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11
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Boretti A. Natural Products as Cancer Chemo Preventive Agents: Where We Stand. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221144579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work briefly reviews cancer chemoprevention. This is a very challenging field, as products with a high level of toxicity such as chemotherapeutic agents may be proposed and accepted only under life-threatening conditions. Cancer chemoprevention is otherwise limited to completely safe substances, preferably having neither toxic nor side effects, administered in relatively low amounts. Phases of clinical trials, therapeutic end-points, and biomarkers of chemoprevention are difficult to be defined. The clinical trials needed to prove the efficacy of chemopreventive agents must be very long and extremely widespread to achieve significance, with many variables difficult to control, and therefore subjected to many confounding factors. This makes them almost impossible. It is, therefore, no surprise, if the progress of chemoprevention has been so far very limited. There are only a few examples of direct use of chemopreventive agents, under investigation, but with anything but established protocols, in addition to indirect uses such as general supplementation with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-supportive agents. Cancer chemoprevention remains a potentially very rewarding approach, certainly worth further study, but extremely difficult to pursue, in need of different methodological approaches to producing valuable chemopreventive compounds of clear dosages and benefits.
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12
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Boretti A. Quercetin as a cancer chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent: Where we stand. Phytother Res 2022; 37:1227-1231. [PMID: 36444390 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin has a wide range of potential health benefits, working as a direct or indirect agent or an adjuvant following different principles. It may be used as a generally useful or exclusive supplement, but also specifically used to treat an acute or chronic condition. Quercetin may work as a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, because this versatile substance, which owns antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may also kill cancer cells and also holds senolytic properties. While both the specific chemo-preventive or chemotherapeutic uses as a drug need clinical trials, it may be used without any contraindication as a general chemo-preventive supplement.
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13
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Boretti A. Some Doubts Vaccine Boosters, Vaccine Passports, and Prohibition to Use Antivirals Help with Cases and Fatalities of COVID-19 Infection. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022:1-4. [PMCID: PMC9638405 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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14
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Boretti A, Banik BK. Potential Effects of Iodine Supplementation on Inflammatory Processes and Toxin Removal Following COVID-19 Vaccination. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3941-3944. [PMID: 34709555 PMCID: PMC8552616 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Deanship of Research, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bimal K Banik
- Deanship of Research, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Boretti A. Zinc augments the antiviral potential of HCQ/CQ and ivermectin to reduce the risks of more serious outcomes from COVID-19 infection. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126954. [PMID: 35190326 PMCID: PMC8851879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatments do not replace vaccinations or restrictions, but are practical, effective, and safe means to help to reduce the fatality associated with COVID-19 infection. While no treatment is available and effective for all the current and future variants of COVID-19, treatments reduce the risk of COVID-19 becoming endemic and reduce mortality and collateral damages. The use of Zinc (Zn) for COVID-19 infection is here reviewed. Zn supplementation may help in prevention as well as during the administration of therapies. Zn supplementation reduces the risks of serious outcomes from Covid19 infection. Evidence also suggests that Zn helps in treatments of COVID-19 infection if taken in conjunction with antiviral drugs. The literature supports the use of Zn, with improvements towards a lower risk ranging from 37% in late treatment, RR 0.63 CI [0.53-0.74], to 78% in sufficiency, RR 0.22 CI [0.05-0.96].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Independent Scientist, Johnsonville, Wellington 6037, New Zealand.
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16
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Boretti A, Banik B. Zinc role in Covid-19 disease and prevention. Vacunas (English Edition) 2022. [PMCID: PMC9374320 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Boretti A. PQQ Supplementation and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-Induced Heart Inflammation. Nat Prod Commun 2022; 17:1934578X221080929. [PMID: 35287384 PMCID: PMC8905048 DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221080929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced heart inflammation may originate from either COVID-19 infection or the administration of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. As pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a scavenger of free radicals, redox cofactor, and antioxidant which supports cognitive and mitochondrial functions, supplementation with PQQ could have a positive effect to reduce heart inflammation after COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. However, there is no evidence yet for this opportunity in the literature. Cellular and animal model results are missing. Similarly, no clinical trials have been conducted. While it is recommended to measure the levels of the cardiac biomarkers before and after COVID-19 vaccination, no recommendation can be made about supplementation with PQQ, which, however, we note has no contraindication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Independent Scientist, Johnsonville Road, Johnsonville, Wellington 6037, New Zealand
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boretti
- Independent Scientist, Chancellor Avenue, Bundoora 3083 Victoria, Australia
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19
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Abstract
Population growth, even if coupled to economic growth, and resources, were already on a collision course, especially in Africa. The 2019 United Nations World Water Development Report provided a dramatic status of world water, however without questioning the main drivers of an imminent water crisis, that were unbounded, unequal, economic, and population growth, within the context of reducing resources in a finite world. Despite the report was a small step forward in awareness, still, it was not proposing satisfactory remedies. With business-as-usual, without acting on the drivers of water scarcity, regional water crises were inevitable in the next 3 decades, starting from Africa. Constrained by political, financial, and energy burdens, the technological improvements that have helped humanity to deal with the increased demand for water, food, and energy over the last 70 years, were likely not enough to avoid the water crisis. On top of forecast is the Covid19 pandemic. Coronavirus cases are (August 4, 2020) 18,446,065 and fatalities are 697,202 worldwide, and still growing. The containment measures enforced for Covid19 infection following the examples in the United Kingdom have already produced significant damage to the world economy. This will limit social expenditures in general, and the expenditures for the water issue in particular. The water crisis will consequently become worse in the next months, with consequences still difficult to predict. This will be true especially for Africa, where the main problem has always been poverty. There is the opportunity of significant health, food, and water crisis, especially in Africa. While the concepts of washing hands and social distancing that are difficult to apply haven't produce so far major issues with the Covid19 outbreak in Africa, borders closure, restrictions on movement, and more poverty will translate in a lack of food and water potentially much more worrying than the virus spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) is the illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, first identified in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared Covid‐19 a global pandemic. The objective of this study is to determine the role of interleukin (IL) inhibitors in the treatment of Covid‐19. By the majority of the reported clinical studies, the use of tocilizumab in Covid‐19 infection appears promising in specific cases of the cytokine storm. Conflicting results prevent the recommendation of IL inhibitors against Covid‐19 infection by many health organizations. However, many low‐case fatality rate countries, with more advanced therapeutic approaches, uniformly include the use of tocilizumab in case of cytokine storms in addition to the standard treatment for severe cases which includes antivirals. Neglecting the other components is likely an explanation for the contradictory results found in the literature. Tocilizumab use in Covid‐19 infection is here reviewed. By the majority of clinical studies, Tocilizumab helps in specific cases of cytokine storm. However, conflicting results exist preventing recommendations by many health organizations. The use of Tocilizumab for cytokine storms as part of treatment which includes antivirals generally positive. Neglecting the administration of antivirals is likely an explanation for contradictory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Deanship of Research, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bimal Banik
- Mathematics & Natural Sciences Deanship of Research, College of Sciences and Human Studies Deanship of Research, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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21
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Boretti A. Pharmacotherapy for COVID-19 infection in the countries of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 16:794-797. [PMID: 34518765 PMCID: PMC8427681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Deanship of Research, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahad University, Al Khobar, KSA
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22
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Boretti A. Quercetin Supplementation and COVID-19. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211042763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is an antioxidant, detox, and anti-inflammatory agent, which may help lower inflammation as well as reduce toxic effects. It has been argued that vaccines have potential risks of local and systemic inflammatory responses and toxic effects of synthetic nucleosides and components for vaccine delivery. Administration of substances such as Quercetin may then mitigate these effects. It has similarly been argued that substances such as Quercetin may reduce the efficacy of vaccines, which works in building an immune response to produce antibodies. Under this other perspective, the assumption of Quercetin should be avoided when receiving vaccines. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the information available to understand if Quercetin may mitigate the damage from novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, or also reduce their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Boretti A, Banik BK. Zinc role in Covid-19 disease and prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 23:147-150. [PMID: 34512221 PMCID: PMC8421103 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Deanship of Research, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bimal K Banik
- Deanship of Research, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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24
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Boretti A. Reviewing the association between aluminum adjuvants in the vaccines and autism spectrum disorder. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 66:126764. [PMID: 33930617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The manuscript reviews the association between aluminum adjuvants (AlAd) in vaccines and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Aluminum (Al) is neurotoxic. Infants who have received AlAd in vaccines show a higher rate of ASD. The behavior of mice changes with Al injection. Patients suffering from ASD have higher concentrations of Al in their brains. Thus, AlAd is an etiologic factor in ASD. Immune efficacy led to the use of the AlAd in vaccines; however, the safety of those who are vaccinated with such vaccines has not been considered. The mechanisms of action of AlAd and the pharmacodynamics of injected AlAd used in vaccines are not well-characterized. The association between aluminum adjuvants in the vaccines and autism spectrum disorder is suggested by multiple lines of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, P.O. Box 1664, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia.
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25
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Boretti A. May intravenous vitamin C work against ARDS in an ICU setting? Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2021; 40:100891. [PMID: 34058428 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Deanship of Research, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Boretti A. A Higher Number of Covid19 Cases and Fatalities in Israel Phased With the Start of the Mass Vaccination. Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol 2021; 8:23333928211005867. [PMID: 33855127 PMCID: PMC8013893 DOI: 10.1177/23333928211005867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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27
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Boretti A. Scientists are more in favor of Covid 19 protection than restrictions. Ethics Med Public Health 2021; 16:100627. [PMID: 33469561 PMCID: PMC7808724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
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Boretti A. COVID-19 lockdown measures as a driver of hunger and undernourishment in Africa. Ethics Med Public Health 2021; 16:100625. [PMID: 36569516 PMCID: PMC9765396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Castelletto S, Boretti A. Advantages, limitations, and future suggestions in studying graphene-based desalination membranes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7981-8002. [PMID: 35423337 PMCID: PMC8695175 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00278c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of novel 2D carbon materials such as nanoporous single-layer graphene and multilayer graphene oxide membranes is based on their possible advantages such as high water permeability, high selectivity capable of rejecting monovalent ions, with high salt rejection, reduced fouling, and high chemical and physical stability. Here we review how the field has advanced in the study of their performances in various desalination approaches such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, nanofiltration, membrane distillation, and solar water purification. The research on making high-performance graphene membranes which started with reverse osmosis applications is seemingly evolving towards other directions.
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Banik BK, Boretti A. Hypotheses for synthesis of novel chiral beta-amino-beta-lactams through amidines. Results in Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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31
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Boretti A. Efficacy of Generalized Face Masking Mandates. Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol 2021; 8:23333928211058023. [PMID: 34778494 PMCID: PMC8586184 DOI: 10.1177/23333928211058023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary discusses if targeted uses of face masks may provide better results than generalized face masks mandates to limit the spread of Covid-19. The study is based on a literature review, as well as the analysis of cases and fatalities of different countries adopting different mask mandates. Before the Covid-19 emergency, the literature was consistently against generalized masking for cold and flu viruses. The latest literature for Covid-19 infection is opposite mostly supportive for generalized masking, even if contrarian works exist. The Covid-19 recommendations are not based on randomized controlled trials of healthy individuals wearing or not masks, differentiating in between closed or open spaces. Countries that did not mandate face masks have not performed worse for the number of cases and fatalities than countries that adopted generalized face masking policies during the Covid-19 emergency. Face masks help against Covid-19 infection but also have downfalls. Their benefits are overestimated, while their risks are underestimated. Masks can block the larger droplets exhaled by an infected wearer, protecting the healthy from viral exposure, but their ability to filter out viruses is variable and generally poor especially in reused cloth masks worn by the public. New surgical masks should be used in crowded spaces especially indoors, preferring distancing without masks outdoor. There are serious unintended consequences from wearing face masks improperly and for too long that must be accounted for. There could be more advantages from targeted rather than generalized uses of only surgical face masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Boretti A. New Confirmed Deaths Rising Much Less than New Confirmed Cases in the Second Wave of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Western Europe. DSAHMJ 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/dsahmj.k.210125.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Boretti A, Al Zubaidy S. Covid-19 Vaccinated and Positive Rate of Infection in Israel and the United Arab Emirates. DSAHMJ 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/dsahmj.k.210427.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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34
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Boretti A. COVID-19 fatality rate for Saudi Arabia, updated 8 August 2020. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 23:329-330. [PMID: 33127522 PMCID: PMC7590915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pandemic of SARS CoV-2 has required urgent medical treatments for numerous patients. As no specific antiviral agents were available, different off-the-shelf alternatives have been explored. OBJECTIVE Here, we review the rationale behind the use of Favipiravir, and report of the specific studies supporting this treatment being conducted. METHODS Here we analyze the relevant literature to conclude about the present opportunities offered by this therapeutic agent. RESULTS This antiviral drug approved influenza in Japan since 2014, has a demonstrated in vitro activity against SARS CoV-2 and is being investigated in several trials for SARS CoV-2. Signals of benefit were shown in a small trial for SARS CoV-2. However, in another small study, there was no advantage. CONCLUSIONS Further studies, statistically more significant, are urgently needed to understand the best opportunities offered by this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, PO Box 1664, Al Khobar, 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Boretti A. Covid19 Outbreak in Victoria, Australia Update August 1, 2020. Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol 2020; 7:2333392820960350. [PMID: 33102626 PMCID: PMC7550945 DOI: 10.1177/2333392820960350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Victoria Covid19 outbreak is well explained by the data represented
in Figure 1. To August 1, 10,931 have tested positive for a
coronavirus after more than 1,633,900 tests were performed. 116 people
have died from coronavirus in Victoria. The number of infected, tests
performed, their ratio, and the number of fatalities as communicated
daily by 1 are proposed vs. the number of days since May
31st.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Ultraviolet blood irradiation (UBI) was used with success in the 1930s and 1940s for a variety of diseases. Despite the success, the lack of understanding of the detailed mechanisms of actions, and the achievements of antibiotics, phased off the use of UBI from the 1950s. The emergence of novel viral infections, from HIV/AIDS to Ebola, from SARS and MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, bring back the attention to this therapeutical opportunity. UBI has a complex virucidal activity, mostly acting on the immune system response. It has effects on lymphocytes (T-cells and B-cells), macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipids. The Knott technique was applied for bacterial infections such as tuberculosis to viral infections such as hepatitis or influenza. The more complex extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is also being applied to hematological cancers such as T-cell lymphomas. Further studies of UBI may help to create a useful device that may find applications for novel viruses that are resistant to known antivirals or vaccines, or also bacteria that are resistant to known antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, 31952, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bimal Banik
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, 31952, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Aim of this work is to assess the fatality rate of Covid-19 infection for Saudi Arabia. The preliminary data up to June 3, 2020 suggest a fatality rate at about 0.9% of the more severely infected. This is much smaller than the values experienced in Western Europe, where the outbreak has been however more widespread. The likely fatality rate including mild and asymptomatic is about 0.2%. This is 4 times larger than the death rate for influenza and pneumonia for Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
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Castelletto S, Inam FA, Sato SI, Boretti A. Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin-photon interface. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2020; 11:740-769. [PMID: 32461875 PMCID: PMC7214868 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon sources and their optical spin readout are at the core of applications in quantum communication, quantum computation, and quantum sensing. Their integration in photonic structures such as photonic crystals, microdisks, microring resonators, and nanopillars is essential for their deployment in quantum technologies. While there are currently only two material platforms (diamond and silicon carbide) with proven single-photon emission from the visible to infrared, a quantum spin-photon interface, and ancilla qubits, it is expected that other material platforms could emerge with similar characteristics in the near future. These two materials also naturally lead to monolithic integrated photonics as both are good photonic materials. While so far the verification of single-photon sources was based on discovery, assignment and then assessment and control of their quantum properties for applications, a better approach could be to identify applications and then search for the material that could address the requirements of the application in terms of quantum properties of the defects. This approach is quite difficult as it is based mostly on the reliability of modeling and predicting of color center properties in various materials, and their experimental verification is challenging. In this paper, we review some recent advances in an emerging material, low-dimensional (2D, 1D, 0D) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), which could lead to establishing such a platform. We highlight the recent achievements of the specific material for the expected applications in quantum technologies, indicating complementary outstanding properties compared to the other 3D bulk materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faraz A Inam
- Dept. of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P. 202002, India
| | - Shin-ichiro Sato
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Alberto Boretti
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Boretti A, Banik BK. Intravenous vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome. PharmaNutrition 2020; 12:100190. [PMID: 32322486 PMCID: PMC7172861 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of Covid19 has required urgent treatments for numerous patients. No suitable vaccines or antivirals are available for Covid19. The efficiency against Covid19 of WHO therapies of choice, that are two antivirals developed for other pathologies, is controversial. Therefore, alternative approaches are required. Intravenous (IV) Vitamin C (Vit-C) has emerged as one of the other alternatives for this purpose. Here we review the effects of IV Vit-C on the immune system response, the antiviral properties of IV Vit-C, and finally the antioxidant properties of IV Vit-C to specifically address the cytokines' storm characteristic of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that occur in the later cycle of the Covid19 infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, P.O. Box 1664, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, P.O. Box 1664, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Boretti A. Corrigendum to <‘Nutrition, lipidic parameters, and cancer risk and progress’> <[Nutrition Volume 69, January 2020, 110538]>. Nutrition 2020; 72:110630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
The statistic of wind energy in the US is presently based on annual average capacity factors, and construction cost (CAPEX). This approach suffers from one major downfall, as it does not include any parameter describing the variability of the wind energy generation. As a grid wind and solar only requires significant storage in terms of both power and energy to compensate for the variability of the resource, there is a need to account also for a parameter describing the variability of the power generation. While higher frequency data every minute or less is needed to design the storage, low-frequency monthly values are considered for different wind energy facilities. The annual capacity factors have an average of 0.34. They vary significantly from facility to facility, from a minimum of 0.15 to a maximum of 0.5. They also change year-by-year and are subjected to large month-by-month variability. It is concluded that a better estimation of performance and cost of wind energy facilities should include a parameter describing the variability, and an allowance for storage should be added to the cost. When high-frequency data will be eventually made available over a full year for all the wind and solar facilities connected to the same grid of given demand, then it will be possible to compute growth factors for wind and solar capacity, total power and energy of the storage, cost of the storage, and finally, attribute this cost to every facility inversely proportional to the annual mean capacity factor and directly proportional to the standard deviation about this value. The novelty of the present work is the recognition of the variability of wind power generation as a performance and cost parameter, and the proposal of a practical way to progress the design of the storage and its cost attribution to the generating facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Stefania Castelletto
- School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Boretti A. After Less Than 2 Months, the Simulations That Drove the World to Strict Lockdown Appear to be Wrong, the Same of the Policies They Generated. Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol 2020; 7:2333392820932324. [PMID: 32596417 PMCID: PMC7301657 DOI: 10.1177/2333392820932324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review modeling predictions for Covid-19 mortality based on recent data. The Imperial College model trusted by the British Government predicted peak mortalities above 170 deaths per million in the United States, and above 215 deaths per million in Great Britain, after more than 2 months from the outbreak, and a length for the outbreak well above 4 months. These predictions drove the world to adopt harsh distancing measures and forget the concept of herd immunity. China had peak mortalities of less than 0.1 deaths per million after 40 days since first deaths, and an 80-day-long outbreak. Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, or Great Britain flattened the curve at 13.6, 28.6, 9.0, 10.6, and 13.9 deaths per million after 40, 39, 33, 44, and 39 days from first deaths, or 31, 29, 24, 38, and 29 days since the daily confirmed deaths reached 0.1 per million people, respectively. The declining curve is much slower for Italy, the Netherlands, or Great Britain than Belgium or Sweden. Opposite to Great Britain, Italy, or Belgium that enforced a complete lockdown, the Netherlands only adopted an "intelligent" lockdown, and Sweden did not adopt any lockdown. However, they achieved better results. Coupled to new evidence for minimal impact of Covid-19 on the healthy population, with the most part not infected even if challenged, or only mild or asymptomatic if infected, there are many good reasons to question the validity of the specific epidemiological model simulations and the policies they produced. Fewer restrictions on the healthy while better protecting the vulnerable would have been a much better option, permitting more sustainable protection of countries otherwise at risk of second waves as soon as the strict measures are lifted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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45
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Castelletto S, Al Atem AS, Inam FA, von Bardeleben HJ, Hameau S, Almutairi AF, Guillot G, Sato SI, Boretti A, Bluet JM. Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2019; 10:2383-2395. [PMID: 31886115 PMCID: PMC6902882 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the enhancement of the optical emission between 850 and 1400 nm of an ensemble of silicon mono-vacancies (VSi), silicon and carbon divacancies (VCVSi), and nitrogen vacancies (NCVSi) in an n-type 4H-SiC array of micropillars. The micropillars have a length of ca. 4.5 μm and a diameter of ca. 740 nm, and were implanted with H+ ions to produce an ensemble of color centers at a depth of approximately 2 μm. The samples were in part annealed at different temperatures (750 and 900 °C) to selectively produce distinct color centers. For all these color centers we saw an enhancement of the photostable fluorescence emission of at least a factor of 6 using micro-photoluminescence systems. Using custom confocal microscopy setups, we characterized the emission of VSi measuring an enhancement by up to a factor of 20, and of NCVSi with an enhancement up to a factor of 7. The experimental results are supported by finite element method simulations. Our study provides the pathway for device design and fabrication with an integrated ultra-bright ensemble of VSi and NCVSi for in vivo imaging and sensing in the infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faraz Ahmed Inam
- Dept. of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P. 202002, India
| | - Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben
- Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Hameau
- Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Gérard Guillot
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, INL, UMR5270, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Shin-ichiro Sato
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Alberto Boretti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 34754, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 758307, Vietnam
| | - Jean Marie Bluet
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, INL, UMR5270, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
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Boretti A, Rosa L, Blackledge J, Castelletto S. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2019; 10:2128-2151. [PMID: 31807400 PMCID: PMC6880812 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is a point defect in diamond with unique properties for use in ultra-sensitive, high-resolution magnetometry. One of the most interesting and challenging applications is nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (nano-MRI). While many review papers have covered other NV centers in diamond applications, there is no survey targeting the specific development of nano-MRI devices based on NV centers in diamond. Several different nano-MRI methods based on NV centers have been proposed with the goal of improving the spatial and temporal resolution, but without any coordinated effort. After summarizing the main NV magnetic imaging methods, this review presents a survey of the latest advances in NV center nano-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lorenzo Rosa
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Applied Plasmonics Lab, Centre for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Blackledge
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Wales, Wrexham, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Boretti A, Rosa L, Castelletto S. Towards Single Biomolecule Imaging via Optical Nanoscale Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Small 2015; 11:4229-4236. [PMID: 26113221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a physical marvel in which electromagnetic radiation is charged and discharged by nuclei in a magnetic field. In conventional NMR, the specific nuclei resonance frequency depends on the strength of the magnetic field and the magnetic properties of the isotope of the atoms. NMR is routinely utilized in clinical tests by converting nuclear spectroscopy in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and providing 3D, noninvasive biological imaging. While this technique has revolutionized biomedical science, measuring the magnetic resonance spectrum of single biomolecules is still an intangible aspiration, due to MRI resolution being limited to tens of micrometers. MRI and NMR have, however, recently greatly advanced, with many breakthroughs in nano-NMR and nano-MRI spurred by using spin sensors based on an atomic impurities in diamond. These techniques rely on magnetic dipole-dipole interactions rather than inductive detection. Here, novel nano-MRI methods based on nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond are highlighted, that provide a solution to the imaging of single biomolecules with nanoscale resolution in-vivo and in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE), Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University (WVU), PO Box 6106, 325 Engineering Sciences Building, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Lorenzo Rosa
- Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Micro-Photonics (H74), PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
- University of Parma, Department of Information Engineering, Viale G.P. Usberti 181/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Castelletto
- Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Micro-Photonics (H74), PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
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Boretti A, Scalzo J. A Novel Mechanism for Piston Deactivation Improving the Part Load Performances of Multi Cylinder Engines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33841-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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49
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Abstract
We address for the first time the measurement of nonradiative decay rates in Cr-related centers in nanodiamonds. Compared to our previous quantum efficiency measurement of Cr centers created in bulk diamond, separate measurements of radiative and nonradiative decay rates in grown nanodiamonds prove more challenging due to size dependence effects. We demonstrate in this Letter that, using defocused dipole imaging and collection efficiency calculation via finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), a quantum efficiency up to 0.9 can be inferred to Cr-related centers showing a 2-level system photon statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Castelletto
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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