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Raïch-Regué D, Tenorio R, Fernández de Castro I, Tarrés-Freixas F, Sachse M, Perez-Zsolt D, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Fernández-Sánchez SY, Gallemí M, Ortega-González P, Fernández-Oliva A, Gabaldón JA, Nuñez-Delicado E, Casas J, Roca N, Cantero G, Pérez M, Usai C, Lorca-Oró C, Alert JV, Segalés J, Carrillo J, Blanco J, Clotet Sala B, Cerón-Carrasco JP, Izquierdo-Useros N, Risco C. β-Cyclodextrins as affordable antivirals to treat coronavirus infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114997. [PMID: 37311279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic made evident that there are only a few drugs against coronavirus. Here we aimed to identify a cost-effective antiviral with broad spectrum activity and high safety profile. Starting from a list of 116 drug candidates, we used molecular modelling tools to rank the 44 most promising inhibitors. Next, we tested their efficacy as antivirals against α and β coronaviruses, such as the HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 variants. Four drugs, OSW-1, U18666A, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HβCD) and phytol, showed in vitro antiviral activity against HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2. The mechanism of action of these compounds was studied by transmission electron microscopy and by fusion assays measuring SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral entry into target cells. Entry was inhibited by HβCD and U18666A, yet only HβCD inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in the pulmonary Calu-3 cells. Compared to the other cyclodextrins, β-cyclodextrins were the most potent inhibitors, which interfered with viral fusion via cholesterol depletion. β-cyclodextrins also prevented infection in a human nasal epithelium model ex vivo and had a prophylactic effect in the nasal epithelium of hamsters in vivo. All accumulated data point to β-cyclodextrins as promising broad-spectrum antivirals against different SARS-CoV-2 variants and distant alphacoronaviruses. Given the wide use of β-cyclodextrins for drug encapsulation and their high safety profile in humans, our results support their clinical testing as prophylactic antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Raïch-Regué
- IrsiCaixa, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Raquel Tenorio
- Cell Structure Lab, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CNB - CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernández de Castro
- Cell Structure Lab, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CNB - CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferran Tarrés-Freixas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Sachse
- Cell Structure Lab, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CNB - CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Perez-Zsolt
- IrsiCaixa, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jordana Muñoz-Basagoiti
- IrsiCaixa, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sara Y Fernández-Sánchez
- Cell Structure Lab, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CNB - CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marçal Gallemí
- IrsiCaixa, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Paula Ortega-González
- Cell Structure Lab, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CNB - CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Oliva
- Cell Structure Lab, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CNB - CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Gabaldón
- Reconocimiento y Encapsulación Molecular. Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, N° 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Estrella Nuñez-Delicado
- Reconocimiento y Encapsulación Molecular. Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, N° 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Roca
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cantero
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Usai
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lorca-Oró
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia-Vergara Alert
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet Sala
- IrsiCaixa, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José P Cerón-Carrasco
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, C/Coronel López Peña s/n, Base Aérea de San Javier, Santiago de la Ribera, 30720 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Risco
- Cell Structure Lab, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CNB - CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Pacheco B, Fernández-Oliva A, García-Serradilla M, Risco C. Digoxin is a potent inhibitor of Bunyamwera virus infection in cell culture. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37010894 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a valuable source of new antivirals because many compounds used to treat a variety of pathologies can also inhibit viral infections. In this work, we have tested the antiviral capacity of four repurposed drugs to treat Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) infection in cell cultures. BUNV is the prototype of the Bunyavirales order, a large group of RNA viruses that includes important pathogens for humans, animals and plants. Mock- and BUNV-infected Vero and HEK293T cells were treated with non-toxic concentrations of digoxin, cyclosporin A, sunitinib and chloroquine. The four drugs inhibited BUNV infection with varying potency in Vero cells, and all except sunitinib also in HEK293T cells, with digoxin rendering the lowest half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Since digoxin rendered the best results, we selected this drug for a more detailed study. Digoxin is an inhibitor of the Na+/K+ ATPase, a plasma membrane enzyme responsible for the energy-dependent exchange of cytoplasmic Na+ for extracellular K+ in mammalian cells and involved in many signalling pathways. Digoxin was shown to act at an early time point after viral entry reducing the expression of the viral proteins Gc and N. Effects on the cell cycle caused by BUNV and digoxin were also analysed. In Vero cells, digoxin favoured the transition from G1 phase of the cell cycle to S phase, an effect that might contribute to the anti-BUNV effect of digoxin in this cell type. Transmission electron microscopy showed that digoxin impedes the assembly of the characteristic spherules that harbour the BUNV replication complexes and the morphogenesis of new viral particles. Both BUNV and digoxin induce similar changes in the morphology of mitochondria that become more electron-dense and have swollen cristae. The alterations of this essential organelle might be one of the factors responsible for digoxin-induced inhibition of viral infection. Digoxin did not inhibit BUNV infection in BHK-21 cells that have a digoxin-resistant Na+/K+ ATPase, which suggests that the effects of the blockade of this enzyme is a key factor of the antiviral activity of digoxin in BUNV-infected Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pacheco
- Cell Structure Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, National Research Council, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Oliva
- Cell Structure Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, National Research Council, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Moisés García-Serradilla
- Cell Structure Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, National Research Council, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Present address: Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Risco
- Cell Structure Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, National Research Council, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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