Unilateral duplicated collecting system and ureter with severe hydroureteronephrosis and ectopic ureter insertion of upper pole moiety: A case report

Introduction

Case presentation

Discussion

Conclusion

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Duplicated urinary system meets difficulties to be diagnosed since childhood due to various symptoms.

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Abnormality of upper renal moiety usually has ectopic ureter as in Weigert-Meyer principle.

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Understanding embryology, symptoms, imaging modality, and complications are necessary to consider this diagnosis for early detection.

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Ultrasonography and abdominal CT with contrast can be used to diagnose the urinary tract anomalies, especially duplicated urinary systems with ectopic ureter insertion.

Liver abscess with necrosis in post COVID-19: A case report

INTRODUCTION

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Recent evidences mentioned the possibility of COVID-19 as a systemic infectious and inflammatory disease. Signs and symptoms of liver and gastrointestinal system are often found in post-acute COVID-19 patients. However, there are only few data found about liver abscess and necrosis in post COVID-19 patients.

CASE PRESENTATION

A 49-year-old man admitted to the hospital with dyspnea, nausea, loss of appetite and epigastric pain, post confirmed SARS CoV-2 severe pneumonia 1 month ago in ICU with noninvasive ventilator (NIV), enoxaparin, tocilizumab, azithromycin, levofloxacin, hydroxychloroquine, and no preexisting liver condition. Swab PCR result was negative. The result of abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast was liver abscess formation with hemorrhages measuring about 16 × 12 × 11 cm & 10 × 9x9 cm occupying most of the right lobe liver. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, there were multiple liver abscesses in segment 8 with parenchymal liver necrosis and abscesses in segment 7 of liver. Necrosectomy and liver abscess drainage was performed.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION

Pathophysiology of liver damage in post COVID-19 are direct cytotoxicity of SARS-CoV2, immune-mediated due to severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in COVID-19, hypoxemia, vascular changes due to coagulopathy, endothelitis or congestion from right heart failure, and drug-induced liver injury (DILI).

CONCLUSION

The possible pathophysiology of liver abscess and necrosis in post COVID-19 should be considered in monitoring and management for both COVID-19 patients and post COVID-19 patients.