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Lee J, Wang J, Ally R, Trzaska S, Hickey J, Mujica A, Miloscio L, Mastaitis J, Morse B, Smith J, Atanasio A, Chiao E, Chen H, Latuszek A, Hu Y, Valenzuela D, Romano C, Zambrowicz B, Auerbach W. Production of large, defined genome modifications in rats by targeting rat embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 18:394-409. [PMID: 36525967 PMCID: PMC9860120 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats were more frequently used than mice to model human disease before mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) revolutionized genetic engineering in mice. Rat ESCs (rESCs) were first reported over 10 years ago, yet they are not as frequently used as mESCs. CRISPR-based gene editing in zygotes is widely used in rats but is limited by the difficulty of inserting or replacing DNA sequences larger than about 10 kb. We report here the generation of germline-competent rESC lines from several rat strains. These rESC lines maintain their potential for germline transmission after serial targeting with bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based targeting vectors, and CRISPR-Cas9 cutting can increase targeting efficiency. Using these methods, we have successfully replaced entire rat genes spanning up to 101 kb with the human ortholog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Lee
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| | | | - Roxanne Ally
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Sean Trzaska
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Alejo Mujica
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Morse
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Janell Smith
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Eric Chiao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Henry Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Ying Hu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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Carbonaro M, Lee J, Pefanis E, Desclaux M, Wang K, Pennington A, Huang H, Mujica A, Rojas J, Ally R, Kennedy D, Brown M, Rogulin V, Moller-Tank S, Sabin L, Zambrowicz B, Thurston G, Li Z. Efficient engraftment and viral transduction of human hepatocytes in an FRG rat liver humanization model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14079. [PMID: 35982097 PMCID: PMC9388686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized liver rodent models, in which the host liver parenchyma is repopulated by human hepatocytes, have been increasingly used for drug development and disease research. Unlike the leading humanized liver mouse model in which Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase (Fah), Recombination Activating Gene (Rag)-2 and Interleukin-2 Receptor Gamma (Il2rg) genes were inactivated simultaneously, generation of similar recipient rats has been challenging. Here, using Velocigene and 1-cell-embryo-targeting technologies, we generated a rat model deficient in Fah, Rag1/2 and Il2rg genes, similar to humanized liver mice. These rats were efficiently engrafted with Fah-expressing hepatocytes from rat, mouse and human. Humanized liver rats expressed human albumin and complement proteins in serum and showed a normal liver zonation pattern. Further, approaches were developed for gene delivery through viral transduction of human hepatocytes either in vivo, or in vitro prior to engraftment, providing a novel platform to study liver disease and hepatocyte-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Lee
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Kehui Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Hui Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Alejo Mujica
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Jose Rojas
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Roxanne Ally
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Leah Sabin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Zhe Li
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA.
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Wong S, Haberl B, Johnson BC, Mujica A, Guthrie M, McCallum JC, Williams JS, Bradby JE. Formation of an r8-Dominant Si Material. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:105701. [PMID: 30932683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rhombohedral phase of Si (r8-Si), a promising semiconducting material, is formed by indentation together with the body-centered cubic phase (bc8-Si). Using a novel sample preparation method, x-ray diffraction is used to determine the relative volume of these phases in indented Si and allow observation of a distorted unit cell along the direction of indentation loading. Theoretical calculations together with these observations suggest the indent contains an intrinsic compression of ∼4 GPa that stabilizes the r8 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wong
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- Department of Physics, School of Science, RMIT University, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - B Haberl
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37781, USA
| | - B C Johnson
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A Mujica
- Departamento de Fisica, MALTA Consolider Team, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Guthrie
- European Spallation Source, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
- School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J C McCallum
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J S Williams
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J E Bradby
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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Mujica A. Lattice reduction using a Euclidean algorithm. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017; 73:61-68. [PMID: 28042805 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273316015539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The need to reduce a periodic structure given in terms of a large supercell and associated lattice generators arises frequently in different fields of application of crystallography, in particular in the ab initio theoretical modelling of materials at the atomic scale. This paper considers the reduction of crystals and addresses the reduction associated with the existence of a commensurate translation that leaves the crystal invariant, providing a practical scheme for it. The reduction procedure hinges on a convenient integer factorization of the full period of the cycle (or grid) generated by the repeated applications of the invariant translation, and its iterative reduction into sub-cycles, each of which corresponds to a factor in the decomposition of the period. This is done in successive steps, each time solving a Diophantine linear equation by means of a Euclidean reduction algorithm in order to provide the generators of the reduced lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mujica
- Departamento de Física and Instituto Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología, MALTA Consolíder Team, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain
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Guzmán-Afonso C, González-Silgo C, Torres ME, Matesanz E, Mujica A. Structural anomalies related to changes in the conduction mechanisms of α-Sm2(MoO4)3. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:035902. [PMID: 23238241 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/3/035902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycrystalline samples of α-phase samarium molybdate were prepared by solid-state synthesis and used for x-ray diffraction (from 300 to 1000 K) and dielectric spectroscopy (from 500 to 900 K and from 10(2) to 10(6) Hz). The electrical conductivity follows the universal dielectric response, and three different regimes of conduction (with semiconductor, polaronic, and ionic characteristics) were ascribed. The polaronic mechanism in the range from 600 to 810 K was probed using the overlapping large polaron model. Above 810 K, the application of scaling laws suggests an ionic conductivity. The thermal dependence of the lattice parameter a shows three different trends in correspondence with the three conduction regimes observed. An analysis using adapted symmetry modes facilitated the Rietveld refinement and the study of the thermal dependence of the distortion arising from the oxygen displacements. We suggest that the transversal displacements of oxygen atoms in Sm-O-Mo bridges joined to the elongation of tetrahedra can help to explain this anomalous behavior. From the calculated bond-valence contour maps, new sites for the oxygen atoms, at higher temperatures, were detected which favor oxygen motion and would then be related to the ionic conduction. This correlation has been compared and extended to α-Eu(2)(MoO(4))(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guzmán-Afonso
- Departamento de Física Fundamental y Experimental, Electrónica y Sistemas, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 S/C Tenerife, Spain
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Sanchez Fajardo V, Lozano-Gorrin A, Haro P, Rivera-Lopez F, Radescu S, Mujica A, Martin I, Torres M, Gonzalez-Silgo C. Possible non-centrosymmetric structure of vaterite type yttrium orthoborate. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308084985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Lozano-Gorrin A, Sanchez-Fajardo V, Torres M, Gonzalez-Silgo C, Radescu S, Mujica A, Sabalisck N, Da Silva I, Lavin V. Different ordered defect scheelite type in RE 2(MoO 4) 3crystal structures. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876730808495x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Correa-Illanes G, Mujica A, Meneses M, Bonacic S, Larrea B, Piñeros J, Danilla S, Calderon W. Neurophysiological evaluation of peripheral nerve injury in high voltage electrical burns. Burns 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.10.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Correa-Illanes G, Mujica A, Calderon W, Piñeros J, Danilla S. FC12.3 Neurophysiological evaluation of peripheral nerve injury in high voltage electrical burns. Clin Neurophysiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Molina H, Gomez R, Calderon W, Ramos C, Marchetti P, Mujica A. Free Innervated Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap for Bladder Atonia. J Reconstr Microsurg 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-947895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Izquierdo J, Mujica A, Marathée JP, Jacobsen SE. Horizontal, Technical Cooperation in Research on Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.). Food Reviews International 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/fri-120018865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jacobsen SE, Mujica A, Jensen CR. The Resistance of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.) to Adverse Abiotic Factors. Food Reviews International 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/fri-120018872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Amid C, Bahr A, Mujica A, Sampson N, Bikar SE, Winterpacht A, Zabel B, Hankeln T, Schmidt ER. Comparative genomic sequencing reveals a strikingly similar architecture of a conserved syntenic region on human chromosome 11p15.3 (including gene ST5) and mouse chromosome 7. Cytogenet Cell Genet 2001; 93:284-90. [PMID: 11528127 DOI: 10.1159/000056999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Comparative genomics is a superior way to identify phylogenetically conserved features like genes or regions involved in gene regulation. The comparison of extended orthologous chromosomal regions should also reveal other characteristic traits essential for chromosome or gene function. In the present study we have sequenced and compared a region of conserved synteny from human chromosome 11p15.3 and mouse chromosome 7. In human, this region is known to contain several genes involved in the development of various disorders like Beckwith-Wiedemann overgrowth syndrome and other tumor diseases. Furthermore, in the neighboring chromosome region 11p15.5 extensive imprinting of genes has been reported which might extend to region 11p15.3. The analysis of approximately 730 kb in human and 620 kb in mouse led to the identification of eleven genes. All putative genes found in the mouse DNA were also present in the same order and orientation in the human chromosome. However, in the human DNA one putative gene of unknown function could be identified which is not present in the orthologous position of the mouse chromosome. The sequence similarity between human and mouse is higher in transcribed and exon regions than in non-transcribed segments. Dot plot analysis, however, reveals a surprisingly well-conserved sequence similarity over the entire analyzed region. In particular, the positions of CpG islands, short regions of very high GC content in the 5' region of putative genes, are similar in human and mouse. With respect to base composition, two distinct segments of significantly different GC content exist as well in human as in the mouse. With a GC content of 45% the one segment would correspond to "isochore H1" and the other segment (39% GC in human, 40% GC in mouse) to "isochore L1/L2". The gene density (one gene per 66 kb) is slightly higher than the average calculated for the complete human genome (one gene per 90 kb). The comparison of the number and distribution of repetitive elements shows that the proportion of human DNA made up by interspersed repeats (43.8%) is significantly higher than in the corresponding mouse DNA (30.1%). This partly explains why the human DNA is longer between the landmark genes used to define the orthologous positions in human and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Amid
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Biosafety Research and Consulting, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Muñoz A, Rodríguez-Hernández P, Mujica A. Ground-state properties and high-pressure phase of beryllium chalcogenides BeSe, BeTe, and BeS. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:11861-11864. [PMID: 9985015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.11861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mujica A, Needs RJ, Munoz A. First principles calculations of crystal structures and transitions under high pressure. Acta Crystallogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876739607849x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Mujica A, Needs RJ, Muñoz A. First-principles pseudopotential study of the phase stability of the III-V semiconductors GaAs and AlAs. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:8881-8892. [PMID: 9979878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.8881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Needs RJ, Mujica A. First-principles pseudopotential study of the structural phases of silicon. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:9652-9660. [PMID: 9977630 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.9652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mujica A, Needs RJ. First-principles calculations of the structural properties, stability, and band structure of complex tetrahedral phases of germanium: ST12 and BC8. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:17010-17017. [PMID: 10008302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.17010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mujica A, Pérez R, Flores F, Muñoz A. Heterojunction band offsets for polar interfaces: From a thin to a thick covalent intralayer. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:9641-9647. [PMID: 10002775 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.9641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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