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Bjelosevic A, Sakoff J, Gilbert J, Zhang Y, McGhie B, Gordon C, Aldrich-Wright JR. Synthesis, characterisation and biological activity of the ruthenium(II) complexes of the N 4-tetradentate (N 4-T L), 1,6-di(2'-pyridyl)-2,5-dibenzyl-2,5-diazahexane (picenBz 2). J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111629. [PMID: 34740037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of complexes of the type rac-cis-β-[Ru(N4-TL)(N2-bidentates)]2+ (where N4-TL = 1,6-di(2'-pyridyl)-2,5-dibenzyl-2,5-diazahexane (picenBz2, N4-TL-2) and N2-bidentates = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, Ru-2), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq, Ru-3), 7,8-dimethyl-dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine (dppzMe2,Ru-4), 2-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (phenpyrBz, Ru-5), 2-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (phenpyrBzMe, Ru-6), 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (phenpyrBzNO2,Ru-7), were synthesised and characterised and X-ray crystallography of Ru-5 obtained. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed that Ru-6 was 5, 2 and 19-fold more potent than oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and carboplatin, respectively displaying an average GI50 value of ≈ 0.76 μM against a panel of 11 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bjelosevic
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennette Sakoff
- Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Brondwyn McGhie
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Gordon
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Janice R Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, 2751, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, 2751, NSW, Australia.
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Bjelosevic A, Sakoff J, Gilbert J, Zhang Y, Gordon C, Aldrich-Wright JR. Synthesis, Characterisation, and Biological Activity of the Ruthenium Complexes of the N4-Tetradentate (N4-TL), 1,6-Di(2′-pyridyl)-2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diazahexane (picenMe2). Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Deo KM, Ang DL, McGhie B, Rajamanickam A, Dhiman A, Khoury A, Holland J, Bjelosevic A, Pages B, Gordon C, Aldrich-Wright JR. Platinum coordination compounds with potent anticancer activity. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Bjelosevic A, Pages BJ, Spare LK, Deo KM, Ang DL, Aldrich-Wright JR. Exposing “Bright” Metals: Promising Advances in Photoactivated Anticancer Transition Metal Complexes. Curr Med Chem 2018; 25:478-492. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170530085123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an increasingly prominent field in anticancer
research. PDT agents are typically nontoxic in the absence of light and can be stimulated with nonionising
irradiation to “activate” their cytotoxic effect. Photosensitzers are not classified as chemotherapy
drugs although it is advantageous to control the toxicity of a drug through localised irradiation
allowing for selective treatment. Transition metals are an extremely versatile class of compounds
with various unique properties such as oxidation state, coordination number, redox potential and molecular
geometry that can be tailored for specific uses. This makes them excellent PDT candidates as
their properties can be manipulated to absorb a specific range of light wavelengths, cross cellular
membranes or target specific sites in vitro. This article reviews recent advances in transition metal
PDT agents, with a focus on structural scaffolds from which several metal complexes in a series are
synthesised, as well as their in vitro cytotoxicity in the presence or absence of irradiation.
Conclusion:
The success of clinical photoactive agents such as Photofrin® has inspired the development
of thousands of potential PDT agents. Transition metal complexes in particular have demonstrated
excellent versatility and diversity when it comes to PDT for treatment of invasive cancers.
This review has highlighted some of the many recent advances of transition metal PDT agents with
high in vitro and in vivo phototoxic activity. Photoactive transition metal complexes have proven their
potential due to their inherent physicochemical variety, allowing them to fill a niche in the PDT
world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bjelosevic
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Pages
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Lawson K. Spare
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Krishant M. Deo
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Dale L. Ang
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Janice R. Aldrich-Wright
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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