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Unterweger AL, Rüscher A, Seuß M, Winkelmann P, Beigel F, Koletzko L, Breiteneicher S, Siebeck M, Gropp R, Aszodi A. NOD/scid IL-2Rγ null mice reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Crohn's disease reflect the human pathological phenotype. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:1631-1647. [PMID: 34499803 PMCID: PMC8589348 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by pronounced intestinal fibrosis and severe mucosal damage and conventional animal models are limited to reflect these pathological manifestations. The aim of this study was to examine whether the combination of patient immune‐profiling and preclinical studies in a mouse model based on NOD/scid IL‐2Rγnull (NSG) reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from CD patients has the capacity to harmonize ex vivo human and in vivo animal studies. Methods Immunological profiles of CD (n = 24) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (n = 47) were established by flow cytometry of subgroups of immune cells and subjected to hierarchical cluster and estimation graphics analyses. Pathological phenotypes of NSG mice, which were reconstituted with PBMC from CD, UC, and non‐IBD donors (NSG‐CD, NSG‐UC, and NSG‐non‐IBD) were compared. Readouts were the clinical, colon, and histological scores; subtypes of immune cells from spleen and colon; and levels of inflammatory markers, such as c‐reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐3, transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFß), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Fibrocytes were identified by immunohistochemistry in colonic sections. Results CD patients were significantly clustered in a group characterized by increased levels of TH1, TH2 cells, and decreased levels of CD14+ CD163+ monocytes (p = .003). In contrast to NSG‐UC mice, NSG‐CD mice exhibited an immune‐remodeling phenotype characterized by enhanced collagen deposition, elevated levels of CD14+ CD163+ monocytes, HGF, and TGFß. This phenotype was further corroborated by the presence of human fibrocytes as components of fibrotic areas. Conclusion The NSG‐CD model partially reflects the human disease and allows for studying the development of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Unterweger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Alena Rüscher
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Marietta Seuß
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Paula Winkelmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Beigel
- Department of Medicine II, Hospital of the LMU, Munich, München, Germany
| | - Leandra Koletzko
- Department of Medicine II, Hospital of the LMU, Munich, München, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Siebeck
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Roswitha Gropp
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Hospital of the LMU, Planegg, Germany
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Lenz T, Nicol P, Castellanos MI, Abdelgalil AAA, Hoppmann P, Kempf W, Koppara T, Lahmann AL, Rüscher A, Kessler H, Joner M. Are we curing one evil with another? A translational approach targeting the role of neoatherosclerosis in late stent failure. Eur Heart J Suppl 2020; 22:C15-C25. [PMID: 32368195 PMCID: PMC7189739 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neoatherosclerosis is defined as foamy macrophage infiltration into the peri-strut or neointimal area after stent implantation, potentially leading to late stent failure through progressive atherosclerotic changes including calcification, fibroatheroma, thin-cap fibroatheroma, and rupture with stent thrombosis (ST) in advanced stages. Human autopsy as well as intravascular imaging studies have led to the understanding of neoatherosclerosis formation as a similar but significantly accelerated pathophysiology as compared to native atherosclerosis. This acceleration is mainly based on disrupted endothelial integrity with insufficient barrier function and augmented transmigration of lipids following vascular injury after coronary intervention and especially after implantation of drug-eluting stents. In this review, we summarize translational insights into disease pathophysiology and discuss therapeutic approaches to tackle this novel disease entity. We introduce a novel animal model of neoatherosclerosis alongside accompanying in vitro experiments, which show impaired endothelial integrity causing increased permeability for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol resulting in foam cell transformation of human monocytes. In addition, we discuss novel intravascular imaging surrogates to improve reliable diagnosis of early stage neoatherosclerosis. Finally, a therapeutic approach to prevent in-stent neoatherosclerosis with magnesium-based bioresorbable scaffolds and systemic statin treatment demonstrated the potential to improve arterial healing and re-endothelialization, leading to significantly mitigated neoatherosclerosis formation in an animal model of neoatherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lenz
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München (German Heart Centre Munich), Klinik fβ Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80363 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Nicol
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München (German Heart Centre Munich), Klinik fβ Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80363 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Isabel Castellanos
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München (German Heart Centre Munich), Klinik fβ Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80363 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Ayat Aboutaleb Abdellah Abdelgalil
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München (German Heart Centre Munich), Klinik fβ Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80363 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Hoppmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kempf
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München (German Heart Centre Munich), Klinik fβ Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80363 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Koppara
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Lahmann
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München (German Heart Centre Munich), Klinik fβ Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80363 Munich, Germany
| | - Alena Rüscher
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München (German Heart Centre Munich), Klinik fβ Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80363 Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Joner
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München (German Heart Centre Munich), Klinik fβ Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80363 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
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