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Tonolo F, Coletta S, Fiorese F, Grinzato A, Albanesi M, Folda A, Ferro S, De Mario A, Piazza I, Mammucari C, Arrigoni G, Marin O, Cestonaro G, Nataloni L, Costanzo E, Lodovichi C, Rigobello MP, de Bernard M. Sunflower seed-derived bioactive peptides show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity: From in silico simulation to the animal model. Food Chem 2024; 439:138124. [PMID: 38064839 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The evolving field of food technology is increasingly dedicated to developing functional foods. This study explored bioactive peptides from sunflower protein isolate (SPI), obtained from defatted flour, a by-product of the oil processing industry. SPI underwent simulated gastrointestinal digestion and the obtained peptide-enriched fraction (PEF) showed antioxidant properties in vivo, in zebrafish. Among the peptides present in PEF identified by mass spectrometry analysis, we selected those with antioxidant properties by in silico evaluation, considering their capability to interact with Keap1, key protein in the regulation of antioxidant response. The selected peptides were synthesized and evaluated in a cellular model. As a result, DVAMPVPK, VETGVIKPG, TTHTNPPPEAE, LTHPQHQQQGPSTG and PADVTPEEKPEV activated Keap1/Nrf2 pathway leading to Antioxidant Response Element-regulated enzymes upregulation. Since the crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-κB is well known, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the peptides was assessed and principally PADVTPEEKPEV showed good features both as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tonolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; Department of Compared Biomedicine and Food Science, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Fiorese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- ESRF: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marica Albanesi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Piazza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Mammucari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Cestonaro
- Cereal Docks S.p.A. - Research & Innovation Department, Via Innovazione 1, 36043 Camisano Vicentino, VI, Italy
| | - Luigi Nataloni
- Cereal Docks S.p.A, Via Innovazione 1, Camisano Vicentino, VI 36043, Italy
| | - Enrico Costanzo
- Cereal Docks S.p.A. - Research & Innovation Department, Via Innovazione 1, 36043 Camisano Vicentino, VI, Italy
| | - Claudia Lodovichi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Padova, Italy
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Mueller-Dieckmann C, Grinzato A, Effantin G, Fenel D, Flot D, Schoehn G, Leonard G, Kandiah E. From solution to structure: empowering inclusive cryo-EM with a pre-characterization pipeline for biological samples. J Appl Crystallogr 2024; 57:602-605. [PMID: 38596739 PMCID: PMC11001406 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576724001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In addressing the challenges faced by laboratories and universities with limited (or no) cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) infrastructure, the ESRF, in collaboration with the Grenoble Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), has implemented the cryo-EM Solution-to-Structure (SOS) pipeline. This inclusive process, spanning grid preparation to high-resolution data collection, covers single-particle analysis and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). Accessible through a rolling access route, proposals undergo scientific merit and technical feasibility evaluations. Stringent feasibility criteria demand robust evidence of sample homogeneity. Two distinct entry points are offered: users can either submit purified protein samples for comprehensive processing or initiate the pipeline with already vitrified cryo-EM grids. The SOS pipeline integrates negative stain imaging (exclusive to protein samples) as a first quality step, followed by cryo-EM grid preparation, grid screening and preliminary data collection for single-particle analysis, or only the first two steps for cryo-ET. In both cases, if the screening steps are successfully completed, high-resolution data collection will be carried out using a Titan Krios microscope equipped with a latest-generation direct electron counting detector coupled to an energy filter. The SOS pipeline thus emerges as a comprehensive and efficient solution, further democratizing access to cryo-EM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Mueller-Dieckmann
- Structural Biology, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- Structural Biology, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | | | - Daphna Fenel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - David Flot
- Structural Biology, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Gordon Leonard
- Structural Biology, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Eaazhisai Kandiah
- Structural Biology, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
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3
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Grinzato A, Auguin D, Kikuti C, Nandwani N, Moussaoui D, Pathak D, Kandiah E, Ruppel KM, Spudich JA, Houdusse A, Robert-Paganin J. Cryo-EM structure of the folded-back state of human β-cardiac myosin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3166. [PMID: 37258552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To save energy and precisely regulate cardiac contractility, cardiac muscle myosin heads are sequestered in an 'off' state that can be converted to an 'on' state when exertion is increased. The 'off' state is equated with a folded-back structure known as the interacting-heads motif (IHM), which is a regulatory feature of all class-2 muscle and non-muscle myosins. We report here the human β-cardiac myosin IHM structure determined by cryo-electron microscopy to 3.6 Å resolution, providing details of all the interfaces stabilizing the 'off' state. The structure shows that these interfaces are hot spots of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations that are thought to cause hypercontractility by destabilizing the 'off' state. Importantly, the cardiac and smooth muscle myosin IHM structures dramatically differ, providing structural evidence for the divergent physiological regulation of these muscle types. The cardiac IHM structure will facilitate development of clinically useful new molecules that modulate IHM stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Grinzato
- CM01 beamline. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Auguin
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, F-75005, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, INRA-USC1328, F-45067, Orléans, France
| | - Carlos Kikuti
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Neha Nandwani
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dihia Moussaoui
- BM29 BIOSAXS beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Divya Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Eaazhisai Kandiah
- CM01 beamline. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Kathleen M Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - James A Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Julien Robert-Paganin
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, F-75005, Paris, France.
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Grinzato A, Auguin D, Kikuti C, Nandwani N, Moussaoui D, Pathak D, Kandiah E, Ruppel KM, Spudich JA, Houdusse A, Robert-Paganin J. Cryo-EM structure of the folded-back state of human β-cardiac myosin. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.15.536999. [PMID: 37131793 PMCID: PMC10153137 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.15.536999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During normal levels of exertion, many cardiac muscle myosin heads are sequestered in an off-state even during systolic contraction to save energy and for precise regulation. They can be converted to an on-state when exertion is increased. Hypercontractility caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) myosin mutations is often the result of shifting the equilibrium toward more heads in the on-state. The off-state is equated with a folded-back structure known as the interacting head motif (IHM), which is a regulatory feature of all muscle myosins and class-2 non-muscle myosins. We report here the human β-cardiac myosin IHM structure to 3.6 Å resolution. The structure shows that the interfaces are hot spots of HCM mutations and reveals details of the significant interactions. Importantly, the structures of cardiac and smooth muscle myosin IHMs are dramatically different. This challenges the concept that the IHM structure is conserved in all muscle types and opens new perspectives in the understanding of muscle physiology. The cardiac IHM structure has been the missing puzzle piece to fully understand the development of inherited cardiomyopathies. This work will pave the way for the development of new molecules able to stabilize or destabilize the IHM in a personalized medicine approach. *This manuscript was submitted to Nature Communications in August 2022 and dealt efficiently by the editors. All reviewers received this version of the manuscript before 9 208 August 2022. They also received coordinates and maps of our high resolution structure on the 18 208 August 2022. Due to slowness of at least one reviewer, this contribution was delayed for acceptance by Nature Communications and we are now depositing in bioRxiv the originally submitted version written in July 2022 for everyone to see. Indeed, two bioRxiv contributions at lower resolution but adding similar concepts on thick filament regulation were deposited this week in bioRxiv, one of the contributions having had access to our coordinates. We hope that our data at high resolution will be helpful for all readers that appreciate that high resolution information is required to build accurate atomic models and discuss implications for sarcomere regulation and the effects of cardiomyopathy mutations on heart muscle function.
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Tonolo F, Grinzato A, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP. From In Silico to a Cellular Model: Molecular Docking Approach to Evaluate Antioxidant Bioactive Peptides. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030665. [PMID: 36978913 PMCID: PMC10045749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing need to counteract the redox imbalance in chronic diseases leads to focusing research on compounds with antioxidant activity. Among natural molecules with health-promoting effects on many body functions, bioactive peptides are gaining interest. They are protein fragments of 2–20 amino acids that can be released by various mechanisms, such as gastrointestinal digestion, food processing and microbial fermentation. Recent studies report the effects of bioactive peptides in the cellular environment, and there is evidence that these compounds can exert their action by modulating specific pathways. This review focuses on the newest approaches to the structure–function correlation of the antioxidant bioactive peptides, considering their molecular mechanism, by evaluating the activation of specific signaling pathways that are linked to antioxidant systems. The correlation between the results of in silico molecular docking analysis and the effects in a cellular model was highlighted. This knowledge is fundamental in order to propose the use of bioactive peptides as ingredients in functional foods or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tonolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Institute of Neuroscience (CNR), Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Cassari L, Pavan A, Zoia G, Chinellato M, Zeni E, Grinzato A, Rothenberger S, Cendron L, Dettin M, Pasquato A. SARS-CoV-2 S Mutations: A Lesson from the Viral World to Understand How Human Furin Works. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4791. [PMID: 36902222 PMCID: PMC10003014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent responsible for the worldwide pandemic and has now claimed millions of lives. The virus combines several unusual characteristics and an extraordinary ability to spread among humans. In particular, the dependence of the maturation of the envelope glycoprotein S from Furin enables the invasion and replication of the virus virtually within the entire body, since this cellular protease is ubiquitously expressed. Here, we analyzed the naturally occurring variation of the amino acids sequence around the cleavage site of S. We found that the virus grossly mutates preferentially at P positions, resulting in single residue replacements that associate with gain-of-function phenotypes in specific conditions. Interestingly, some combinations of amino acids are absent, despite the evidence supporting some cleavability of the respective synthetic surrogates. In any case, the polybasic signature is maintained and, as a consequence, Furin dependence is preserved. Thus, no escape variants to Furin are observed in the population. Overall, the SARS-CoV-2 system per se represents an outstanding example of the evolution of substrate-enzyme interaction, demonstrating a fast-tracked optimization of a protein stretch towards the Furin catalytic pocket. Ultimately, these data disclose important information for the development of drugs targeting Furin and Furin-dependent pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cassari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Pavan
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Zoia
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Chinellato
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Zeni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvia Rothenberger
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 48, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Austrasse, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Laura Cendron
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Pasquato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Grinzato A, Auguin D, Kikuti C, Nandwani N, Moussaoui D, Pathak D, Kandiah E, Ruppel K, Spudich JA, Houdusse AM, Robert-Paganin J. Cryo-EM structure of the folded-back state of human β-cardiac myosin. Biophys J 2023; 122:258a-259a. [PMID: 36783267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Kikuti
- UMR 144, Institut Curie, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Neha Nandwani
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dihia Moussaoui
- CM01, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Divya Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - James A Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anne M Houdusse
- UMR 144, Institut Curie, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Julien Robert-Paganin
- UMR 144, Institut Curie, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France
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Gasparotto M, Hernandez Gomez YS, Peterle D, Grinzato A, Zen F, Pontarollo G, Acquasaliente L, Scapin G, Bergantino E, De Filippis V, Filippini F. NOG-Derived Peptides Can Restore Neuritogenesis on a CRASH Syndrome Cell Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010102. [PMID: 35052783 PMCID: PMC8773197 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homo- and heterophilic binding mediated by the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like repeats of cell adhesion molecules play a pivotal role in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. L1CAM is crucial to neuronal differentiation, in both mature and developing nervous systems, and several studies suggest that its functional interactions are mainly mediated by Ig2–Ig2 binding. X-linked mutations in the human L1CAM gene are summarized as L1 diseases, including the most diagnosed CRASH neurodevelopmental syndrome. In silico simulations provided a molecular rationale for CRASH phenotypes resulting from mutations I179S and R184Q in the homophilic binding region of Ig2. A synthetic peptide reproducing such region could both mimic the neuritogenic capacity of L1CAM and rescue neuritogenesis in a cellular model of the CRASH syndrome, where the full L1CAM ectodomain proved ineffective. Presented functional evidence opens the route to the use of L1CAM-derived peptides as biotechnological and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gasparotto
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (Y.S.H.G.); (A.G.); (F.Z.); (E.B.)
| | - Yuriko Suemi Hernandez Gomez
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (Y.S.H.G.); (A.G.); (F.Z.); (E.B.)
| | - Daniele Peterle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (Y.S.H.G.); (A.G.); (F.Z.); (E.B.)
| | - Federica Zen
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (Y.S.H.G.); (A.G.); (F.Z.); (E.B.)
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Acquasaliente
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Giorgia Scapin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (V.D.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Elisabetta Bergantino
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (Y.S.H.G.); (A.G.); (F.Z.); (E.B.)
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (V.D.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Filippini
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.G.); (Y.S.H.G.); (A.G.); (F.Z.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (V.D.F.); (F.F.)
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Pirazzini M, Grinzato A, Corti D, Barbieri S, Leka O, Vallese F, Tonellato M, Silacci-Fregni C, Piccoli L, Kandiah E, Schiavo G, Zanotti G, Lanzavecchia A, Montecucco C. Exceptionally potent human monoclonal antibodies are effective for prophylaxis and treatment of tetanus in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:151676. [PMID: 34618682 DOI: 10.1172/jci151676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We used human monoclonal antibodies (humAbs) to study the mechanism of neuron intoxication by tetanus neurotoxin and to evaluate these antibodies as a safe preventive and therapeutic substitute for hyperimmune sera to treat tetanus in mice. By screening memory B cells from immune donors, we selected 2 tetanus neurotoxin-specific mAbs with exceptionally high neutralizing activities and extensively characterized them both structurally and functionally. We found that these antibodies interfered with the binding and translocation of the neurotoxin into neurons by interacting with 2 epitopes, whose identification pinpoints crucial events in the cellular pathogenesis of tetanus. Our observations explain the neutralization ability of these antibodies, which we found to be exceptionally potent in preventing experimental tetanus when injected into mice long before the toxin. Moreover, their Fab derivatives neutralized tetanus neurotoxin in post-exposure experiments, suggesting their potential for therapeutic use via intrathecal injection. As such, we believe these humAbs, as well as their Fab derivatives, meet the requirements to be considered for prophylactic and therapeutic use in human tetanus and are ready for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Oneda Leka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marika Tonellato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Silacci-Fregni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology and.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Fondazione Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
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Abstract
Despite filamentous viruses represent an important portion of the universe of viruses, their 3D structures available are quite limited, particularly if compared to the large number of structures of icosahedral viruses present in the Protein Data Bank. As a matter of fact, flexible filamentous viruses cannot be grown as single crystals and past structural studies have mostly been limited to X-ray fiber diffraction or to the determination of the structure of isolated viral proteins. Only very recently, several structures of filamentous viruses have become available, owing to the recent development of cryo-electron microscopy. This technique has given a strong impulse to the field and has allowed the building of reliable molecular models of entire viruses, in some cases at a nearly atomic resolution level. In this paper we briefly describe the architecture of filamentous viruses that infect bacteria, archaea, plants and humans. It is easy to foresee that more new structures of filamentous viruses will become available soon and they will allow a better understanding of the rules underlying the structural organization of these organisms so relevant for the life on our planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padua, 35131, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padua, 35131, Italy.
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11
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Battaglino B, Grinzato A, Pagliano C. Binding Properties of Photosynthetic Herbicides with the Q B Site of the D1 Protein in Plant Photosystem II: A Combined Functional and Molecular Docking Study. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10081501. [PMID: 34451546 PMCID: PMC8398153 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multi-subunit enzymatic complex embedded in the thylakoid membranes responsible for the primary photosynthetic reactions vital for plants. Many herbicides used for weed control inhibit PSII by interfering with the photosynthetic electron transport at the level of the D1 protein, through competition with the native plastoquinone for the QB site. Molecular details of the interaction of these herbicides in the D1 QB site remain to be elucidated in plants. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect on plant PSII of the PSII-inhibiting herbicides diuron, metobromuron, bentazon, terbuthylazine and metribuzin. We combined analysis of OJIP chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and PSII activity assays performed on thylakoid membranes isolated from pea plants with molecular docking using the high-resolution PSII structure recently solved from the same plant. Both approaches showed for terbuthylazine, metribuzin and diuron the highest affinity for the D1 QB site, with the latter two molecules forming hydrogen bonds with His215. Conversely, they revealed for bentazon the lowest PSII inhibitory effect accompanied by a general lack of specificity for the QB site and for metobromuron an intermediate behavior. These results represent valuable information for future design of more selective herbicides with enhanced QB binding affinities to be effective in reduced amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Battaglino
- Applied Science and Technology Department—BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Applied Science and Technology Department—BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0110904626
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12
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Trevellin E, Granzotto M, Host C, Grisan F, De Stefani D, Grinzato A, Lefkimmiatis K, Pagano C, Rizzuto R, Vettor R. A Novel Loss of Function Melanocortin-4-Receptor Mutation (MC4R-F313Sfs*29) in Morbid Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:736-749. [PMID: 33247923 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Melanocortin receptor-4 (MC4R) gene mutations are associated with early-onset severe obesity, and the identification of potential pathological variants is crucial for the clinical management of patients with obesity. OBJECTIVE To explore whether and how a novel heterozygous MC4R variant (MC4R-F313Sfs*29), identified in a young boy (body mass index [BMI] 38.8 kg/m2) during a mutation analysis conducted in a cohort of patients with obesity, plays a determinant pathophysiological role in the obesity development. DESIGN SETTING AND PATIENTS The genetic screening was carried out in a total of 209 unrelated patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2). Structural and functional characterization of the F313Sfs*29-mutated MC4R was performed using computational approaches and in vitro, using HEK293 cells transfected with genetically encoded biosensors for cAMP and Ca2+. RESULTS The F313Sfs*29 was the only variant identified. In vitro experiments showed that HEK293 cells transfected with the mutated form of MC4R did not increase intracellular cAMP or Ca2+ levels after stimulation with a specific agonist in comparison with HEK293 cells transfected with the wild type form of MC4R (∆R/R0 = -90% ± 8%; P < 0.001). In silico modeling showed that the F313Sfs*29 mutation causes a major reorganization in the cytosolic domain of MC4R, thus reducing the affinity of the putative GalphaS binding site. CONCLUSIONS The newly discovered F313Sfs*29 variant of MC4R may be involved in the impairment of α-MSH-induced cAMP and Ca2+ signaling, blunting intracellular G protein-mediated signal transduction. This alteration might have led to the dysregulation of satiety signaling, resulting in hyperphagia and early onset of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marnie Granzotto
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Host
- Department of Reproduction and Growth, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Grisan
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Diego De Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Konstantinos Lefkimmiatis
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Pagano
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Pirazzini M, Barbieri S, Grinzato A, Leka O, Vallese F, Zanetti G, Tonellato M, Rossetto O, Schiavo G, Zanotti G, Lanzavecchia A, Montecucco C. Blocking tetanus with purified human monoclonal antibodies. Toxicon 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.11.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Raimondi V, Grinzato A. A basic introduction to single particles cryo-electron microscopy. AIMSBPOA 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>In the last years, cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) underwent the most impressive improvement compared to other techniques used in structural biology, such as X-ray crystallography and NMR. Electron microscopy was invented nearly one century ago but, up to the beginning of the last decades, the 3D maps produced through this technique were poorly detailed, justifying the term “blobbology” to appeal to cryo-EM. Recently, thanks to a new generation of microscopes and detectors, more efficient algorithms, and easier access to computational power, single particles cryo-EM can routinely produce 3D structures at resolutions comparable to those obtained with X-ray crystallography. However, unlike X-ray crystallography, which needs crystallized proteins, cryo-EM exploits purified samples in solution, allowing the study of proteins and protein complexes that are hard or even impossible to crystallize. For these reasons, single-particle cryo-EM is often the first choice of structural biologists today. Nevertheless, before starting a cryo-EM experiment, many drawbacks and limitations must be considered. Moreover, in practice, the process between the purified sample and the final structure could be trickier than initially expected. Based on these observations, this review aims to offer an overview of the principal technical aspects and setups to be considered while planning and performing a cryo-EM experiment.</p>
</abstract>
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Grinzato A, Albanese P, Marotta R, Swuec P, Saracco G, Bolognesi M, Zanotti G, Pagliano C. High-Light versus Low-Light: Effects on Paired Photosystem II Supercomplex Structural Rearrangement in Pea Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8643. [PMID: 33207833 PMCID: PMC7698171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In plant grana thylakoid membranes Photosystem II (PSII) associates with a variable number of antenna proteins (LHCII) to form different types of supercomplexes (PSII-LHCII), whose organization is dynamically adjusted in response to light cues, with the C2S2 more abundant in high-light and the C2S2M2 in low-light. Paired PSII-LHCII supercomplexes interacting at their stromal surface from adjacent thylakoid membranes were previously suggested to mediate grana stacking. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy maps of paired C2S2 and C2S2M2 supercomplexes isolated from pea plants grown in high-light and low-light, respectively. These maps show a different rotational offset between the two supercomplexes in the pair, responsible for modifying their reciprocal interaction and energetic connectivity. This evidence reveals a different way by which paired PSII-LHCII supercomplexes can mediate grana stacking at diverse irradiances. Electrostatic stromal interactions between LHCII trimers almost completely overlapping in the paired C2S2 can be the main determinant by which PSII-LHCII supercomplexes mediate grana stacking in plants grown in high-light, whereas the mutual interaction of stromal N-terminal loops of two facing Lhcb4 subunits in the paired C2S2M2 can fulfil this task in plants grown in low-light. The high-light induced accumulation of the Lhcb4.3 protein in PSII-LHCII supercomplexes has been previously reported. Our cryo-electron microscopy map at 3.8 Å resolution of the C2S2 supercomplex isolated from plants grown in high-light suggests the presence of the Lhcb4.3 protein revealing peculiar structural features of this high-light-specific antenna important for photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Grinzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.G.); (G.Z.)
| | - Pascal Albanese
- Applied Science and Technology Department–BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (P.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Center for Convergent Technologies, Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia—IIT, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;
| | - Paolo Swuec
- Department of BioSciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.S.); (M.B.)
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility, Human Technopole, Via Cristina Belgioioso 171, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Saracco
- Applied Science and Technology Department–BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (P.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of BioSciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.G.); (G.Z.)
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Applied Science and Technology Department–BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (P.A.); (G.S.)
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Zarzecka U, Grinzato A, Kandiah E, Cysewski D, Berto P, Skorko-Glonek J, Zanotti G, Backert S. Functional analysis and cryo-electron microscopy of Campylobacterjejuni serine protease HtrA. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-16. [PMID: 32960677 PMCID: PMC7524362 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1810532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a predominant zoonotic pathogen causing gastroenteritis and other diseases in humans. An important bacterial virulence factor is the secreted serine protease HtrA (HtrA Cj ), which targets tight and adherens junctional proteins in the gut epithelium. Here we have investigated the function and structure of HtrA Cj using biochemical assays and cryo-electron microscopy. Mass spectrometry analysis identified differences and similarities in the cleavage site specificity for HtrA Cj by comparison to the HtrA counterparts from Helicobacter pylori and Escherichia coli. We defined the architecture of HtrA Cj at 5.8 Å resolution as a dodecamer, built of four trimers. The contacts between the trimers are quite loose, a fact that explains the flexibility and mobility of the dodecameric assembly. This flexibility has also been studied through molecular dynamics simulation, which revealed opening of the dodecamer to expose the proteolytically active site of the protease. Moreover, we examined the rearrangements at the level of oligomerization in the presence or absence of substrate using size exclusion chromatography, which revealed hexamers, dodecamers and larger oligomeric forms, as well as remarkable stability of higher oligomeric forms (> 12-mers) compared to previously tested homologs from other bacteria. Extremely dynamic decay of the higher oligomeric forms into lower forms was observed after full cleavage of the substrate by the proteolytically active variant of HtrA Cj . Together, this is the first report on the in-depth functional and structural analysis of HtrA Cj , which may allow the construction of therapeutically relevant HtrA Cj inhibitors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Zarzecka
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany,Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Dominik Cysewski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paola Berto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Joanna Skorko-Glonek
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy,Giuseppe Zanotti Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany,CONTACT Steffen Backert Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Grinzato A, Kandiah E, Lico C, Betti C, Baschieri S, Zanotti G. Atomic structure of potato virus X, the prototype of the Alphaflexiviridae family. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:564-569. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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18
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Tonolo F, Fiorese F, Moretto L, Folda A, Scalcon V, Grinzato A, Ferro S, Arrigoni G, Bindoli A, Feller E, Bellamio M, Marin O, Rigobello MP. Identification of New Peptides from Fermented Milk Showing Antioxidant Properties: Mechanism of Action. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020117. [PMID: 32013158 PMCID: PMC7070694 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their beneficial properties, fermented foods are considered important constituents of the human diet. They also contain bioactive peptides, health-promoting compounds studied for a wide range of effects. In this work, several antioxidant peptides extracted from fermented milk proteins were investigated. First, enriched peptide fractions were purified and analysed for their antioxidant capacity in vitro and in a cellular model. Subsequently, from the most active fractions, 23 peptides were identified by mass spectrometry MS/MS), synthesized and tested. Peptides N-15-M, E-11-F, Q-14-R and A-17-E were selected for their antioxidant effects on Caco-2 cells both in the protection against oxidative stress and inhibition of ROS production. To define their action mechanism, the activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Keap1/Nrf2) pathway was studied evaluating the translocation of Nrf2 from cytosol to nucleus. In cells treated with N-15-M, Q-14-R and A-17-E, a higher amount of Nrf2 was found in the nucleus with respect to the control. In addition, the three active peptides, through the activation of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, led to overexpression and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Molecular docking analysis confirmed the potential ability of N-15-M, Q-14-R and A-17-E to bind Keap1, showing their destabilizing effect on Keap1/Nrf2 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tonolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Federico Fiorese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Laura Moretto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | | | - Emiliano Feller
- Centrale del Latte di Vicenza S.p.A., 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (E.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Bellamio
- Centrale del Latte di Vicenza S.p.A., 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (E.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: (O.M.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: (O.M.); (M.P.R.)
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19
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Vicario M, Cieri D, Vallese F, Catoni C, Barazzuol L, Berto P, Grinzato A, Barbieri L, Brini M, Calì T. A split-GFP tool reveals differences in the sub-mitochondrial distribution of wt and mutant alpha-synuclein. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:857. [PMID: 31719530 PMCID: PMC6851186 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss that initiates in the substantia nigra pars compacta and by the formation of intracellular inclusions mainly constituted by aberrant α-synuclein (α-syn) deposits known as Lewy bodies. Most cases of PD are sporadic, but about 10% are familial, among them those caused by mutations in SNCA gene have an autosomal dominant transmission. SNCA encodes α-syn, a small 140-amino acids protein that, under physiological conditions, is mainly localized at the presynaptic terminals. It is prevalently cytosolic, but its presence has been reported in the nucleus, in the mitochondria and, more recently, in the mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). Whether different cellular localizations may reflect specific α-syn activities is presently unclear and its action at mitochondrial level is still a matter of debate. Mounting evidence supports a role for α-syn in several mitochondria-derived activities, among which maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and modulation of complex I and ATP synthase activity. α-syn has been proposed to localize at the outer membrane (OMM), in the intermembrane space (IMS), at the inner membrane (IMM) and in the mitochondrial matrix, but a clear and comparative analysis of the sub-mitochondrial localization of WT and mutant α-syn is missing. Furthermore, the reasons for this spread sub-mitochondrial localization under physiological and pathological circumstances remain elusive. In this context, we decided to selectively monitor the sub-mitochondrial distribution of the WT and PD-related α-syn mutants A53T and A30P by taking advantage from a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) approach. We also investigated whether cell stress could trigger α-syn translocation within the different mitochondrial sub-compartments and whether PD-related mutations could impinge on it. Interestingly, the artificial targeting of α-syn WT (but not of the mutants) to the mitochondrial matrix impacts on ATP production, suggesting a potential role within this compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Vicario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Domenico Cieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Berto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Laura Barbieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. .,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Grinzato A, Kandiah E, Lico C, Betti C, Baschieri S, Zanotti G. Atomic structure of potato virus X, the prototype of the Alphaflexviridae virus family. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273319094087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Cieri D, Vicario M, Vallese F, D'Orsi B, Berto P, Grinzato A, Catoni C, De Stefani D, Rizzuto R, Brini M, Calì T. Tau localises within mitochondrial sub-compartments and its caspase cleavage affects ER-mitochondria interactions and cellular Ca 2+ handling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3247-3256. [PMID: 30006151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) composed by tau and extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contribute to neuronal dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration are increasingly considered two faces of the same coin and an early pathological event in AD. Compelling evidence indicates that tau and mitochondria are closely linked and suggests that tau-dependent modulation of mitochondrial functions might be a trigger for the neurodegeneration process; however, whether this occurs either directly or indirectly is not clear. Furthermore, whether tau influences cellular Ca2+ handling and ER-mitochondria cross-talk is yet to be explored. Here, by focusing on wt tau, either full-length (2N4R) or the caspase 3-cleaved form truncated at the C-terminus (2N4RΔC20), we examined the above-mentioned aspects. Using new genetically encoded split-GFP-based tools and organelle-targeted aequorin probes, we assessed: i) tau distribution within the mitochondrial sub-compartments; ii) the effect of tau on the short- (8-10 nm) and the long- (40-50 nm) range ER-mitochondria interactions; and iii) the effect of tau on cytosolic, ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. Our results indicate that a fraction of tau is found at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and within the inner mitochondrial space (IMS), suggesting a potential tau-dependent regulation of mitochondrial functions. The ER Ca2+ content and the short-range ER-mitochondria interactions were selectively affected by the expression of the caspase 3-cleaved 2N4RΔC20 tau, indicating that Ca2+ mis-handling and defects in the ER-mitochondria communications might be an important pathological event in tau-related dysfunction and thereby contributing to neurodegeneration. Finally, our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Cieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Vicario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Beatrice D'Orsi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Berto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Diego De Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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22
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Vicario M, Zanni G, Vallese F, Santorelli F, Grinzato A, Cieri D, Berto P, Frizzarin M, Lopreiato R, Zonta F, Ferro S, Sandre M, Marin O, Ruzzene M, Bertini E, Zanotti G, Brini M, Calì T, Carafoli E. A V1143F mutation in the neuronal-enriched isoform 2 of the PMCA pump is linked with ataxia. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 115:157-166. [PMID: 29655659 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine regulation of intracellular calcium is fundamental for all eukaryotic cells. In neurons, Ca2+ oscillations govern the synaptic development, the release of neurotransmitters and the expression of several genes. Alterations of Ca2+ homeostasis were found to play a pivotal role in neurodegenerative progression. The maintenance of proper Ca2+ signaling in neurons demands the continuous activity of Ca2+ pumps and exchangers to guarantee physiological cytosolic concentration of the cation. The plasma membrane Ca2+ATPases (PMCA pumps) play a key role in the regulation of Ca2+ handling in selected sub-plasma membrane microdomains. Among the four basic PMCA pump isoforms existing in mammals, isoforms 2 and 3 are particularly enriched in the nervous system. In humans, genetic mutations in the PMCA2 gene in association with cadherin 23 mutations have been linked to hearing loss phenotypes, while those occurring in the PMCA3 gene were associated with X-linked congenital cerebellar ataxias. Here we describe a novel missense mutation (V1143F) in the calmodulin binding domain (CaM-BD) of the PMCA2 protein. The mutant pump was present in a patient showing congenital cerebellar ataxia but no overt signs of deafness, in line with the absence of mutations in the cadherin 23 gene. Biochemical and molecular dynamics studies on the mutated PMCA2 have revealed that the V1143F substitution alters the binding of calmodulin to the CaM-BD leading to impaired Ca2+ ejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Vicario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Grinzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Domenico Cieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Berto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Frizzarin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele Lopreiato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Zonta
- Shanghai Institute of Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Sandre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Ruzzene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy.
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23
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Albanese P, Melero R, Engel BD, Grinzato A, Berto P, Manfredi M, Chiodoni A, Vargas J, Sorzano CÓS, Marengo E, Saracco G, Zanotti G, Carazo JM, Pagliano C. Pea PSII-LHCII supercomplexes form pairs by making connections across the stromal gap. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10067. [PMID: 28855679 PMCID: PMC5577252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In higher plant thylakoids, the heterogeneous distribution of photosynthetic protein complexes is a determinant for the formation of grana, stacks of membrane discs that are densely populated with Photosystem II (PSII) and its light harvesting complex (LHCII). PSII associates with LHCII to form the PSII-LHCII supercomplex, a crucial component for solar energy conversion. Here, we report a biochemical, structural and functional characterization of pairs of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes, which were isolated under physiologically-relevant cation concentrations. Using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the three-dimensional structure of paired C2S2M PSII-LHCII supercomplexes at 14 Å resolution. The two supercomplexes interact on their stromal sides through a specific overlap between apposing LHCII trimers and via physical connections that span the stromal gap, one of which is likely formed by interactions between the N-terminal loops of two Lhcb4 monomeric LHCII subunits. Fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction analysis showed that paired PSII-LHCII supercomplexes are energetically coupled. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that additional flexible physical connections may form between the apposing LHCII trimers of paired PSII-LHCII supercomplexes in appressed thylakoid membranes. Our findings provide new insights into how interactions between pairs of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes can link adjacent thylakoids to mediate the stacking of grana membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Albanese
- Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Viale T. Michel 5, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Melero
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin D Engel
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Berto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- ISALIT-Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Angelica Chiodoni
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies - CSFT@POLITO, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Javier Vargas
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Saracco
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies - CSFT@POLITO, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Jose-Maria Carazo
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Viale T. Michel 5, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
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