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Echelmeier A, Cruz Villarreal J, Messerschmidt M, Kim D, Coe JD, Thifault D, Botha S, Egatz-Gomez A, Gandhi S, Brehm G, Conrad CE, Hansen DT, Madsen C, Bajt S, Meza-Aguilar JD, Oberthür D, Wiedorn MO, Fleckenstein H, Mendez D, Knoška J, Martin-Garcia JM, Hu H, Lisova S, Allahgholi A, Gevorkov Y, Ayyer K, Aplin S, Ginn HM, Graafsma H, Morgan AJ, Greiffenberg D, Klujev A, Laurus T, Poehlsen J, Trunk U, Mezza D, Schmidt B, Kuhn M, Fromme R, Sztuk-Dambietz J, Raab N, Hauf S, Silenzi A, Michelat T, Xu C, Danilevski C, Parenti A, Mekinda L, Weinhausen B, Mills G, Vagovic P, Kim Y, Kirkwood H, Bean R, Bielecki J, Stern S, Giewekemeyer K, Round AR, Schulz J, Dörner K, Grant TD, Mariani V, Barty A, Mancuso AP, Weierstall U, Spence JCH, Chapman HN, Zatsepin N, Fromme P, Kirian RA, Ros A. Segmented flow generator for serial crystallography at the European X-ray free electron laser. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4511. [PMID: 32908128 PMCID: PMC7481229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) with X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) allows structure determination of membrane proteins and time-resolved crystallography. Common liquid sample delivery continuously jets the protein crystal suspension into the path of the XFEL, wasting a vast amount of sample due to the pulsed nature of all current XFEL sources. The European XFEL (EuXFEL) delivers femtosecond (fs) X-ray pulses in trains spaced 100 ms apart whereas pulses within trains are currently separated by 889 ns. Therefore, continuous sample delivery via fast jets wastes >99% of sample. Here, we introduce a microfluidic device delivering crystal laden droplets segmented with an immiscible oil reducing sample waste and demonstrate droplet injection at the EuXFEL compatible with high pressure liquid delivery of an SFX experiment. While achieving ~60% reduction in sample waste, we determine the structure of the enzyme 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphate synthase from microcrystals delivered in droplets revealing distinct structural features not previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Echelmeier
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Jorvani Cruz Villarreal
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Marc Messerschmidt
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA.,European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Daihyun Kim
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Jesse D Coe
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Darren Thifault
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Sabine Botha
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA
| | - Ana Egatz-Gomez
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Sahir Gandhi
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Gerrit Brehm
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Chelsie E Conrad
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Debra T Hansen
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Caleb Madsen
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA
| | - Saša Bajt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dominik Oberthür
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Max O Wiedorn
- Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Fleckenstein
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Derek Mendez
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA
| | - Juraj Knoška
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jose M Martin-Garcia
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Hao Hu
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA
| | - Stella Lisova
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA
| | - Aschkan Allahgholi
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yaroslav Gevorkov
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg University of Technology, Vision Systems E-2, Harburger Schloßstraße 20, 21079, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kartik Ayyer
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steve Aplin
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helen Mary Ginn
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, United Kingdom.,Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Graafsma
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew J Morgan
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Klujev
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Laurus
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Poehlsen
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Trunk
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davide Mezza
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Kuhn
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raimund Fromme
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | | | - Natascha Raab
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Steffen Hauf
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Chen Xu
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Grant Mills
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Yoonhee Kim
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Richard Bean
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Stern
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Adam R Round
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Thomas D Grant
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, 955 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Valerio Mariani
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anton Barty
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adrian P Mancuso
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA
| | - John C H Spence
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA
| | - Henry N Chapman
- Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadia Zatsepin
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Petra Fromme
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Richard A Kirian
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA. .,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7401, USA.
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