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Papadakos SP, Chatzikalil E, Arvanitakis K, Vakadaris G, Stergiou IE, Koutsompina ML, Argyrou A, Lekakis V, Konstantinidis I, Germanidis G, Theocharis S. Understanding the Role of Connexins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Molecular and Prognostic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1533. [PMID: 38672615 PMCID: PMC11048329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Connexins, a family of tetraspan membrane proteins forming intercellular channels localized in gap junctions, play a pivotal role at the different stages of tumor progression presenting both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. Considering the potential role of connexins as tumor suppressors through multiple channel-independent mechanisms, their loss of expression may be associated with tumorigenic activity, while it is hypothesized that connexins favor the clonal expansion of tumor cells and promote cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, affecting metastasis and chemoresistance in some cases. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), characterized by unfavorable prognosis and limited responsiveness to current therapeutic strategies, has been linked to gap junction proteins as tumorigenic factors with prognostic value. Notably, several members of connexins have emerged as promising markers for assessing the progression and aggressiveness of HCC, as well as the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of hepatocellular tumor cells. Our review sheds light on the multifaceted role of connexins in HCC pathogenesis, offering valuable insights on recent advances in determining their prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Elena Chatzikalil
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.V.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Vakadaris
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (M.-L.K.)
| | - Maria-Loukia Koutsompina
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (M.-L.K.)
| | - Alexandra Argyrou
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Vasileios Lekakis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (V.L.)
| | | | - Georgios Germanidis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.V.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (E.C.)
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Papadakos SP, Argyrou A, Lekakis V, Arvanitakis K, Kalisperati P, Stergiou IE, Konstantinidis I, Schizas D, Koufakis T, Germanidis G, Theocharis S. Metformin in Esophageal Carcinoma: Exploring Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2978. [PMID: 38474224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a formidable malignancy with limited treatment options and high mortality rates, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic avenues. Through a systematic analysis of a multitude of studies, we synthesize the diverse findings related to metformin's influence on EC. This review comprehensively elucidates the intricate metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms through which metformin may exert its anti-cancer effects. Key focus areas include its impact on insulin signaling, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and the mTOR pathway, which collectively contribute to its role in mitigating esophageal cancer progression. This review critically examines the body of clinical and preclinical evidence surrounding the potential role of metformin, a widely prescribed anti-diabetic medication, in EC management. Our examination extends to the modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress and angiogenesis, revealing metformin's potential as a metabolic intervention in esophageal cancer pathogenesis. By consolidating epidemiological and clinical data, we assess the evidence that supports metformin's candidacy as an adjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer. By summarizing clinical and preclinical findings, our review aims to enhance our understanding of metformin's role in EC management, potentially improving patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Argyrou
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Lekakis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Kalisperati
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna E Stergiou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital "Hippokration", Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Tsounis D, Villiotou V, Melpidou A, Pantsiou C, Argyrou A, Giannopoulou C, Grigoratou A, Rontogianni D, Mantzaris GJ, Papatheodoridis G. Oxidative imbalance increases the risk for colonic polyp and colorectal cancer development. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:2208-2223. [PMID: 36438709 PMCID: PMC9694266 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i11.2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has garnered considerable interest recently. Specific oxidative factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of adenomatous polyps and ultimately adenocarcinoma.
AIM To evaluate the effect of oxidative imbalance as quantified by specific serological markers in the development of sporadic colon adenocarcinoma.
METHODS A total of 170 patients that underwent endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract in a tertiary center within 3 years were included in the study. They were allocated in three groups; those with sporadic colon adenocarcinoma (n = 56, 32.9%), those with colonic polyps (n = 33, 19.4%) and healthy controls (n = 81, 47.7%). All patients were evaluated for oxidant activity and antioxidant capacity with serum measurements of specific markers such as vitamins A, 25(OH) D3, E, C, B12, folic acid, glutathione, selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), free iron (Fe2+), and malondialdehyde and results were compared between groups.
RESULTS Serum levels of vitamins C, E, D, Se, Zn, vitamin B12 and total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in the combined neoplasia/polyp group than in the control group (P = 0.002, P = 0.009, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.020 and P < 0.001, correspondingly). Increased levels of vitamin E (P = 0.004), vitamin D (P < 0.001), Se (P < 0.001) and Zn (P < 0.001) seem to bestow a protective effect on the development of CRC. For vitamin D (P < 0.001) and Zn (P = 0.036), this effect seems to extend to the development of colon polyps as well. On the other hand, elevated serum levels of malondialdehyde are associated with a higher risk of CRC (OR = 2.09 compared to controls, P = 0.004). Regarding colonic polyp development, increased concentrations of vitamin Α and Fe2+ are associated with a higher risk, whereas lower levels of malondialdehyde with a lower risk.
CONCLUSION Increased oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of CRC. Antioxidants’ presence may exert a protective effect in the very early stages of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsounis
- Department of Gastroenterology, 251 General Hospital of Hellenic Air Force, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Villiotou
- Department of Biochemistry, Metaxa Anticancer Hospital, Piraeus 18537, Greece
| | - Angeliki Melpidou
- Department of Biochemistry, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Chara Pantsiou
- Department of Biochemistry, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Alexandra Argyrou
- Department of Gastroenterology, 251 General Hospital of Hellenic Air Force, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Charis Giannopoulou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
| | | | | | - Gerassimos J Mantzaris
- Department of Gastroenterology, Evangelismos, Ophthalmiatreion Athinon and Polyclinic Hospitals, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - George Papatheodoridis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Athens University Medical School, Laikon General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
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Brintakis K, Gagaoudakis E, Kostopoulou A, Faka V, Argyrou A, Binas V, Kiriakidis G, Stratakis E. Ligand-free all-inorganic metal halide nanocubes for fast, ultra-sensitive and self-powered ozone sensors. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:2699-2706. [PMID: 36132711 PMCID: PMC9419230 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-free all-inorganic lead halide nanocubes have been investigated as ozone sensing materials operating at room temperature. It is found that the nanocubes, crystallined in the orthorhombic CsPbBr3 structure, can operate at room temperature, be self-powered and exhibit high sensitivity and remarkable repeatability. More importantly, they demonstrate higher sensitivity (54% in 187 ppb) and faster response and recovery times compared to hybrid lead mixed halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x ) layers, which is the only lead halide perovskite material tested for ozone sensing, to date. Following the exposure to an ozone environment, the stoichiometry and the morphology of the nanocubes remain unaltered. The facile and easy fabrication process together with the high responsivity and stability to the ozone environment makes the bare CsPbBr3 nanocubes a promising material for sensing applications. The sensing properties of the nanoparticulate metal halides presented here provide new exciting opportunities towards engineering reliable and cheap sensing elements for room-temperature operated and self-powered sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brintakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
| | - E Gagaoudakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - A Kostopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
| | - V Faka
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Materials Science and Technology 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - A Argyrou
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Materials Science and Technology 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - V Binas
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
- Crete Center for Quantum Complexity and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Crete 71003 Heraklion Greece
| | - G Kiriakidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - E Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) Hellas P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion 70013 Crete Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics 710 03 Heraklion Crete Greece
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Argyrou A, Legaki E, Koutserimpas C, Gazouli M, Papaconstantinou I, Gkiokas G, Karamanolis G. Polymorphisms of the BARX1 and ADAMTS17 Locus Genes in Individuals With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 25:436-441. [PMID: 31048564 PMCID: PMC6657930 DOI: 10.5056/jnm18183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) represents a common condition having a substantial impact on the patients’ quality of life, as well as the health system. According to many studies, the BARX1 and ADAMTS17 genes have been suggested as genetic risk loci for the development of GERD and its complications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential association between GERD and BARX1 and ADAMTS17 polymorphisms. Methods The present is a prospective cohort study of 160 GERD patients and 180 healthy control subjects of Greek origin, examined for BARX1 and ADAMTS17 polymorphisms (rs11789015 and rs4965272) and a potential correlation to GERD. Results The rs11789015 AG and GG genotypes were found to be significantly associated with GERD (P = 0.032; OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.06–2.57 and P = 0.033; OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.15–7.82, respectively), as well as the G allele (P = 0.007; OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.14–2.24). Concerning the rs4965272, only the GG genotype was significantly associated with GERD (P = 0.035; OR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.06–11.05). Conclusions This is a study investigating the potential correlation between BARX1 and ADAMTS17 polymorphisms and the development of GERD, showing a considerable association between both polymorphisms and the disease. This finding suggests that esophageal differentiation or altered regulation on microfibrils in the cell environment could be implicated as possible mechanisms in the pathogenesis of GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Argyrou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Legaki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Koutserimpas
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, "Sismanoglio General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papaconstantinou
- 2nd Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Gkiokas
- 2nd Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Karamanolis
- Gastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ioannidis A, Koutserimpas C, Papatsoris A, Argyrou A, Deliveliotis H, Velimezis G, Dimopoulos AM. Monophasic synovial sarcoma as a cause of obstructive ileus: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 10:185-187. [PMID: 30655996 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a high-grade soft tissue sarcoma, divided histologically into 3 types: Monophasic, biphasic and poorly differentiated. An extremely rare case of obstructive ileus due to monophasic synovial sarcoma in a 54-year-old male patient is reported in the present study. The patient presented to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of obstructive ileus. Computer Tomography (CT)scan showed a pelvic mass (20×17×12 cm) causing obstruction at the sigmoid colon. An exploratory laparotomy through a midline incision was performed. The described mass was unresectable as it was infiltrating major vessels. Therefore, a diverting loop descending colostomy and biopsy of the solid mass were performed. Pathological examination revealed a monophasic synovial sarcoma. The patient was referred to the Department of Oncology and started treatment with doxorubicin and ifosfamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Ioannidis
- Second Department of Surgery, Sismanoglio General Hospital of Athens, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Koutserimpas
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, '251' Hellenic Air Force General Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papatsoris
- Second University Department of Urology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Sismanoglio General Hospital of Athens, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Argyrou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Haralampos Deliveliotis
- Second University Department of Urology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Sismanoglio General Hospital of Athens, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Velimezis
- Second Department of Surgery, Sismanoglio General Hospital of Athens, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios-Meletios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Argyrou A, Legaki E, Koutserimpas C, Gazouli M, Papaconstantinou I, Gkiokas G, Karamanolis G. Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease and analysis of genetic contributors. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:176-182. [PMID: 30148145 PMCID: PMC6107529 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i8.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder with an increasing prevalence. GERD develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome typical and atypical symptoms and/or complications. Several risk factors of GERD have been identified and evaluated over the years, including a considerable amount of genetic factors. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of GERD including: (1) motor abnormalities, such as impaired lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resting tone, transient LES relaxations, impaired esophageal acid clearance and delayed gastric emptying; and (2) anatomical factors, such as hiatal hernia and obesity. Genetic contribution seems to play a major role in GERD and GERD- related disorders development such Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Twin and family studies have revealed an about 31% heritability of the disease. Numerous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in various genes like FOXF1, MHC, CCND1, anti-inflammatory cytokine and DNA repair genes have been strongly associated with increased GERD risk. GERD, Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma share several genetic loci. Despite GERD polygenic basis, specific genetic loci such as rs10419226 on chromosome 19, rs2687201 on chromosome 3, rs10852151 on chromosome 15 and rs520525 on the paired related homeobox 1 gene have been mentioned as potential risk factors. Further investigation on the risk genes may elucidate their exact function and role and demonstrate new therapeutic approaches to this increasingly common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Argyrou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Evangelia Legaki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Christos Koutserimpas
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, “Sismanoglion” General Hospital of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papaconstantinou
- 2nd Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Gkiokas
- 2nd Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Karamanolis
- Gastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Grigoropoulos P, Kalles V, Papapanagiotou I, Mekras A, Argyrou A, Papageorgiou K, Derian A. Early and late complications of stapled haemorrhoidopexy: a 6-year experience from a single surgical clinic. Tech Coloproctol 2012; 15 Suppl 1:S79-81. [PMID: 21912950 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-011-0739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Introduction of stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SH) brought a radical change in the treatment of haemorrhoidal disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results and the complications (early and late) from the use of this technique. METHODS During the last 6 years (2005-2011), 123 patients underwent a SH in our ward. Our sample consists of 79 male and 44 female patients with an average age of 48.2 years (range 22-83 years). Of them, 83 had third-degree haemorrhoidal disease, 34 had fourth-degree and 6 had second-degree bleeding haemorrhoids. The follow-up period was 6-72 months. RESULTS Pain was minimal or even not existent. Additional sutures or use of adrenaline 1:200.000 for haemostasis were required in 6 patients (4.8%). The bleeding has been diminished with the use of this new haemorrhoidectomy stapler PPH03. Urinary retention, which was observed in 3 patients (2.4%), was temporary and the use of catheter was not needed. As a late complication, 'faecal urgency' occurred in 8 patients (6.5%), and disappeared after some months. No recurrent haemorrhoidal disease occurred. No cases of chronic pain were reported. Average hospital stay was 1 day, except for 2 patients who remained for 2 days for bleeding observation. CONCLUSIONS The correct application of SH reduces the possible complications. The advantages of the stapled procedure are reduced postoperative pain, the minimal hospital stay and early return to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grigoropoulos
- 1st Surgical Clinic, First IKA Hospital, Lamera 31, Nea Makri, 19005 Attiki, Greece.
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Galanopoulos A, Gogos D, Aggelidis A, Papanikolaou S, Argyrou A, Marinakis T, Michalis E, Gortzolidis G, Grigoraki V, Griva-Kritikou E, Anagnostopoulos N. P021 Prognostic significance of beta 2 microglobulin predicting survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(09)70101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
The gene encoding dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rv0462, was expressed in Escherichia coli and the protein purified to homogeneity. The 49 kDa polypeptide forms a homodimer containing one tightly bound molecule of FAD/monomer. The results of steady-state kinetic analyses using several reduced pyridine nucleotide analogs and a variety of electron acceptors, and the ability of the enzyme to catalyze the transhydrogenation of NADH and thio-NAD(+) in the absence of D,L-lipoamide, demonstrated that the enzyme uses a ping-pong kinetic mechanism. Primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects on V and V/K at pH 7.5 using NADH deuterated at the C(4)-proS position of the nicotinamide ring are small [(D)(V/K)(NADH) = 1.12 +/- 0.15, (D)V(app) = 1.05 +/- 0.07] when D,L-lipoamide is the oxidant but large and equivalent [(D)(V/K)(NADH) = (D)V = 2.95 +/- 0.03] when 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone is the oxidant. Solvent deuterium kinetic isotope effects at pH 5.8, using APADH as the reductant, are inverse with (D)(V/K)(APADH) = 0.73 +/- 0.03, (D)(V/K)(Lip(S))2 = 0.77 +/- 0.03, and (D)V(app) = 0.77 +/- 0.01. Solvent deuterium kinetic isotope effects with 4,4-dithiopyridine (DTP), the 4-thiopyridone product of which requires no protonation, are also inverse with (D)(V/K)(APADH) = 0.75 +/- 0.06, (D)(V/K)(DTP) = 0.71 +/- 0.02, and (D)V(app) = 0.56 +/- 0.15. All proton inventories were linear, indicating that a single proton is being transferred in the solvent isotopically sensitive step. Taken together, these results suggest that (1) the reductive half-reaction (hydride transfer from NADH to FAD) is rate limiting when a quinone is the oxidant, and (2) deprotonation of enzymic thiols, most likely Cys(46) and Cys(41), limits the reductive and oxidative half-reactions, respectively, when D,L-lipoamide is the oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Argyrou
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Argyrou A, Washabaugh MW, Pickart CM. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase from Clostridium oroticum is a class 1B enzyme and utilizes a concerted mechanism of catalysis. Biochemistry 2000; 39:10373-84. [PMID: 10956027 DOI: 10.1021/bi001111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase from Clostridium oroticum was purified to apparent homogeneity and found to be a heterotetramer consisting of two alpha (32 kDa) and two beta (28 kDa) polypeptides. This subunit composition, coupled with known cofactor requirements and the ability to transfer electrons from L-dihydroorotate to NAD(+), defines the C. oroticum enzyme as a family 1B dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. The results of steady-state kinetic analyses and isotope exchange studies suggest that this enzyme utilizes a ping-pong steady-state kinetic mechanism. The pH-k(cat) profile is bell-shaped with a pK(a) of 6.4 +/- 0.1 for the ascending limb and 8. 9 +/- 0.1 for the descending limb; the pH-k(cat)/K(m) profile is similar but somewhat more complex. The pK(a) values of 6.4 and 8.9 are likely to represent the ionizations of cysteine and lysine residues in the active site which act as a general base and an electrostatic catalyst, respectively. At saturating levels of NAD(+), the isotope effects on (D)V and (D)(V/K(DHO)), obtained upon deuteration at both the C(5)-proR and C(5)-proS positions of L-dihydroorotate, increase from a value of unity at pH >9.0 to sizable values at low pH due to a high commitment to catalysis at high pH. At pH = 6.5, the magnitude of the double isotope effects (D)V and (D)(V/K(DHO)), obtained upon additional deuteration at C(6), is consistent with a mechanism in which C(5)-proS proton transfer and C(6)-hydride transfer occur in a single, partially rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Argyrou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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