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Barros YVR, de Andrade AO, da Silva LPD, Pedroza LAL, Bezerra IC, Cavalcanti IDL, Nogueira MCDBL, Mousinho KC, Antoniolli AR, Alves LC, Lima Filho JLD, Moura AV, Rosini Silva ÁA, Porcari ADM, Gubert P. Bee Venom Toxic Effect on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells and Caenorhabditis Elegans. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:ACAMC-EPUB-139209. [PMID: 38500290 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206291634240312062957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bee venom has therapeutics and pharmacological properties. Further toxicological studies on animal models are necessary due to the severe allergic reactions caused by this product. METHOD Here, Caenorhabditis elegans was used as an in vivo toxicity model, while breast cancer cells were used to evaluate the pharmacological benefits. The bee venom utilized in this research was collected from Apis mellifera species found in Northeast Brazil. The cytotoxicity caused by bee venom was measured by MTT assay on MDA-MB-231 and J774 A.1 cells during 24 - 72 hours of exposure. C. elegans at the L4 larval stage were exposed for three hours to M9 buffer or bee venom. Survival, behavioral parameters, reproduction, DAF-16 transcription factor translocation, the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and metabolomics were analyzed. Bee venom suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells and exhibited cytotoxic effects on macrophages. Also, decreased C. elegans survival impacted its behaviors by decreasing C. elegans feeding behavior, movement, and reproduction. RESULTS Bee venom did not increase the expression of SOD-3, but it enhanced DAF-16 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. C. elegans metabolites differed after bee venom exposure, primarily related to aminoacyl- tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and sphingolipid and purine metabolic pathways. Our findings indicate that exposure to bee venom resulted in harmful effects on the cells and animal models examined. CONCLUSION Thus, due to its potential toxic effect and induction of allergic reactions, using bee venom as a therapeutic approach has been limited. The development of controlled-release drug strategies to improve this natural product's efficacy and safety should be intensified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Federal University of Pernambuco Keizo Asami Institute Recife Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Varão Moura
- Universidade São Francisco Health Sciences Postgraduate Program Bragança Paulista Brazil
| | | | | | - Priscila Gubert
- Federal University of Pernambuco Keizo Asami Institute Recife Brazil
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Martins AC, Gubert P, Li J, Ke T, Nicolai MM, Moura AV, Bornhorst J, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model to Study Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101396. [PMID: 36291605 PMCID: PMC9599542 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a nematode present worldwide. The worm shows homology to mammalian systems and expresses approximately 40% of human disease-related genes. Since Dr. Sydney Brenner first proposed C. elegans as an advantageous experimental worm-model system for genetic approaches, increasing numbers of studies using C. elegans as a tool to investigate topics in several fields of biochemistry, neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology have been performed. In this regard, C. elegans has been used to characterize the molecular mechanisms and affected pathways caused by metals that lead to neurotoxicity, as well as the pathophysiological interrelationship between metal exposure and ongoing neurodegenerative disorders. Several toxic metals, such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, are recognized as important environmental contaminants, and their exposure is associated with toxic effects on the human body. Essential elements that are required to maintain cellular homeostasis and normal physiological functions may also be toxic when accumulated at higher concentrations. For instance, manganese (Mn) is a trace essential element that participates in numerous biological processes, such as enzymatic activities, energy metabolism, and maintenance of cell functions. However, Mn overexposure is associated with behavioral changes in C. elegans, which are consistent with the dopaminergic system being the primary target of Mn neurotoxicity. Caenorhabditis elegans has been shown to be an important tool that allows for studies on neuron morphology using fluorescent transgenic worms. Moreover, behavioral tests may be conducted using worms, and neurotransmitter determination and related gene expression are likely to change after Mn exposure. Likewise, mutant worms may be used to study molecular mechanisms in Mn toxicity, as well as the expression of proteins responsible for the biosynthesis, transport, storage, and uptake of dopamine. Furthermore, this review highlights some advantages and limitations of using the experimental model of C. elegans and provides guidance for potential future applications of this model in studies directed toward assessing for Mn neurotoxicity and related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, LIKA, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670901, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western of Bahia, Barreiras 47810059, Brazil
| | - Jung Li
- Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Tao Ke
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Merle M. Nicolai
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
- TraceAge–DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Alexandre Varão Moura
- Postgraduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western of Bahia, Barreiras 47810059, Brazil
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo 12916900, Brazil
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
- TraceAge–DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence:
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Varão Moura A, Da Silva JDS, Gubert P. Ion Chromatography: Principles and instrumentation. Orbital: Electron J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.17807/orbital.v14i2.15871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion chromatography (IC) is one of the most used analytical methods for the determination of inorganic cations and anions, as well as organic ions. It is considered a method of separation with simple steps, low cost and with good efficiency in chromatographic separation. In addition, it has good validation metrics such as sensitivity, selectivity, precision, robustness, low detection limit and quantification. IC easily replaces conventional wet chemistry methods, which tend to have more analysis steps. The easy extraction of samples, in most cases, does not require organic solvents, facilitating the disposal of waste. Since its creation, IC has accumulated advantages and good acceptance in the food, pharmaceutical, environmental monitoring industries, in addition to increasing implementation in academic research laboratories.
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Garza KY, Silva AAR, Rosa JR, Keating MF, Povilaitis SC, Spradlin M, Sanches PHG, Varão Moura A, Marrero Gutierrez J, Lin JQ, Zhang J, DeHoog RJ, Bensussan A, Badal S, Cardoso de Oliveira D, Dias Garcia PH, Dias de Oliveira Negrini L, Antonio MA, Canevari TC, Eberlin MN, Tibshirani R, Eberlin LS, Porcari AM. Rapid Screening of COVID-19 Directly from Clinical Nasopharyngeal Swabs Using the MasSpec Pen. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12582-12593. [PMID: 34432430 PMCID: PMC8409149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has created an unprecedent global crisis. While the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard method for detecting active SARS-CoV-2 infection, alternative high-throughput diagnostic tests are of a significant value to meet universal testing demands. Here, we describe a new design of the MasSpec Pen technology integrated to electrospray ionization (ESI) for direct analysis of clinical swabs and investigate its use for COVID-19 screening. The redesigned MasSpec Pen system incorporates a disposable sampling device refined for uniform and efficient analysis of swab tips via liquid extraction directly coupled to an ESI source. Using this system, we analyzed nasopharyngeal swabs from 244 individuals including symptomatic COVID-19 positive, symptomatic negative, and asymptomatic negative individuals, enabling rapid detection of rich lipid profiles. Two statistical classifiers were generated based on the lipid information acquired. Classifier 1 was built to distinguish symptomatic PCR-positive from asymptomatic PCR-negative individuals, yielding a cross-validation accuracy of 83.5%, sensitivity of 76.6%, and specificity of 86.6%, and validation set accuracy of 89.6%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 85.3%. Classifier 2 was built to distinguish symptomatic PCR-positive patients from negative individuals including symptomatic PCR-negative patients with moderate to severe symptoms and asymptomatic individuals, yielding a cross-validation accuracy of 78.4%, specificity of 77.21%, and sensitivity of 81.8%. Collectively, this study suggests that the lipid profiles detected directly from nasopharyngeal swabs using MasSpec Pen-ESI mass spectrometry (MS) allow fast (under a minute) screening of the COVID-19 disease using minimal operating steps and no specialized reagents, thus representing a promising alternative high-throughput method for screening of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyana Y. Garza
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United
States
| | - Alex Ap. Rosini Silva
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health
Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University,
Bragança Paulista, São Paulo 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Jonas R. Rosa
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health
Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University,
Bragança Paulista, São Paulo 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Michael F. Keating
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United
States
| | - Sydney C. Povilaitis
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United
States
| | - Meredith Spradlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United
States
| | - Pedro H. Godoy Sanches
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health
Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University,
Bragança Paulista, São Paulo 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Varão Moura
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health
Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University,
Bragança Paulista, São Paulo 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Junier Marrero Gutierrez
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health
Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University,
Bragança Paulista, São Paulo 12916-900, Brazil
| | - John Q. Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United
States
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United
States
| | - Rachel J. DeHoog
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United
States
| | - Alena Bensussan
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United
States
| | - Sunil Badal
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United
States
| | - Danilo Cardoso de Oliveira
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health
Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University,
Bragança Paulista, São Paulo 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Dias Garcia
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health
Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University,
Bragança Paulista, São Paulo 12916-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Ap. Antonio
- Integrated Unit of Pharmacology and
Gastroenterology, UNIFAG, Bragança Paulista, Sao Paulo 12916-900,
Brazil
| | - Thiago C. Canevari
- School of Material Engineering and Nanotechnology,
MackMass Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University,
São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- School of Material Engineering and Nanotechnology,
MackMass Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University,
São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Robert Tibshirani
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United
States
| | - Andreia M. Porcari
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health
Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University,
Bragança Paulista, São Paulo 12916-900, Brazil
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