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Babotă M, Frumuzachi O, Gâvan A, Iacoviță C, Pinela J, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR, Zhang L, Lucini L, Rocchetti G, Tanase C, Crișan G, Mocan A. Optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Thymus comosus Heuff. ex Griseb. et Schenk (wild thyme) and their bioactive potential. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 84:105954. [PMID: 35247683 PMCID: PMC8892194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An optimized ultrasound-assisted extractive method was developed to obtain a polyphenol-enriched extract from the aerial parts of Thymus comosus Heuff. ex Griseb. et Schenk. Optimization process was conducted based on Design of Experiment (DoE) principles, determining the influence of three independent variables (time, ultrasound amplitude, ethanol concentration) on the total phenolic content of the extract (dependent variable). Additionally, the phenolic composition of the extract was characterized through UHPLC-HRMS, revealing beside the most abundant flavonoid-type compounds the presence of salvianolic acids C, D and L in high amounts. Phytochemical profile of the extract was correlated with its antioxidant activity (tested through five complementary assays) and enzyme-inhibitory potential, showing important antiglucosidase and anticholinesterase effects. Overall, it was concluded that the developed method is suitable for obtaining a good recovery of both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds from Thymus comosus aerial parts, and their presence in the optimized extract is responsible for its pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Babotă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oleg Frumuzachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Gâvan
- Department of Medical Devices, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Iacoviță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Corneliu Tanase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Casian T, Iurian S, Gâvan A, Porfire A, Pop AL, Crișan S, Pușcaș AM, Tomuță I. In-Depth Understanding of Granule Compression Behavior under Variable Raw Material and Processing Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010177. [PMID: 35057072 PMCID: PMC8780340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tablet manufacturing involves the processing of raw materials through several unit operations. Thus, the mitigation of input-induced variability should also consider the downstream processability of intermediary products. The objective of the present work was to study the effect of variable raw materials and processing conditions on the compression properties of granules containing two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and microcrystalline cellulose. Differences in compressibility and tabletability of granules were highlighted in function of the initial particle size of the first API, granule polydispersity and fragmentation. Moreover, interactions were underlined with the atomizing pressure. Changing the supplier of the second API was efficiently controlled by adapting the binder addition rate and atomizing pressure during granulation, considering the starting crystal size. By fitting mathematical models on the available compression data, the influence of diluent source on granule compactibility and tabletability was identified. These differences resumed to the ease of compaction, tableting capacity and pressure sensitivity index due to variable water binding capacity of microcrystalline cellulose. Building the design space enabled the identification of suitable API types and the appropriate processing conditions (spray rate, atomizing pressure, compression force) required to ensure the desired tableting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.C.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.M.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Sonia Iurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.C.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.M.P.); (I.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandru Gâvan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.C.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.M.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Alina Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.C.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.M.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Anca Lucia Pop
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- RD Center, AC HELCOR, 430092 Baia Mare, Romania;
| | | | - Anda Maria Pușcaș
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.C.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.M.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.C.); (A.G.); (A.P.); (A.M.P.); (I.T.)
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