Analysis of enamel/restoration interface submitted cariogenic challenge and fluoride release

The treatment of high-risk patients still is a challenge. The understanding and development non-invasive, non-destructive, and non-ionizing techniques, can help to guide the treatment and the diagnosis of primary and recurrent caries. The present study evaluated the behavior of enamel/restoration interface after a cariogenic challenge by Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination, and the fluoride release of the different restorative materials. Cavities (1.5 × 0.5 mm) were performed in enamel surface and divided into groups (n = 8): glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and resin composite (RC). The samples were submitted to pH-cycling, and the solutions analyzed for cumulative fluoride by ion-analyzer. The morphology was analyzed by SEM through replicas. The optical attenuation coefficient (OAC) was calculated through exponential decay from the images generated by FD-OCT. Data were analyzed considering α = 0.05. OAC values increased for all groups after pH-cycling indicating demineralization (p < .05). Considering the remineralizing solution, RMGIC presented higher fluoride release rate, followed by GIC, while RC did not release any fluoride. Yet for the demineralizing solution, RMGIC and GIC released similar fluoride rates, overcoming RC (p < .05). Micrographs revealed no changes on the restorations margins, although enamel detachment was observed for RC and GIC after pH-cycling.

Fluoride release and remineralizing potential of varnishes in early caries lesions in primary teeth

This study evaluated the fluoride (F) release and remineralizing potential of varnishes containing sodium fluoride (5% NaF), 5% NaF with CPP-ACP and 5% NaF with TCP in early caries lesions in primary teeth. To determine the F release at 1, 4, 6, 24, 72, and 168 hr, strips were covered with the varnishes and immersed in purified water (n = 7). The varnishes and purified water (negative control) were applied on enamel blocks with early caries lesions (n = 16). Enamel blocks were stored in artificial saliva and submitted to a pH-cycling. The area of enamel hardness loss (ΔS) was analyzed by microhardness, lesion depth by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and the chemical analysis by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Data were submitted to Shapiro-Wilk, two-way and one-way ANOVA, Tukey and paired t-tests (α = 5%). All varnishes released F, but 5% NaF with CPP-ACP had the highest release at 4, 6, 24, and 72 hr (p < .05) followed by 5% NaF with TCP and 5% NaF. No significant difference in ΔS was observed among varnishes (5% NaF = 4,098.4 ± 1,407.9; 5% NaF with CPP-ACP = 4,164.0 ± 1,019.3; 5% NaF with TCP = 4,183.2 ± 1,527.2; p = .999), but all of them differed from the negative control group (6,757.8 ± 2,274.7; p < .001). Lesion depth was lower in varnishes groups compared to negative control (% reduction: 5% NaF = 41.8%, 5% NaF with CPP-ACP = 38.8%, and 5% NaF with TCP = 36.3%; p < .001). Similar Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio percentages among groups and F was not detected after the treatments. All fluoride varnishes showed potential to enhance remineralization of early caries lesions in primary teeth.

Molecular and morphological surface analysis: effect of filling pastes and cleaning agents on root dentin

The quality of the dentin root is the most important factor for restoration resin sealing and drives the outcome of endodontic treatment.

Atuação interdisciplinar odontologia/fonoaudiologia no tratamento de paciente com cárie precoce da infância

A integração interdisciplinar entre odontologia e fonoaudiologia pode proporcionar tratamento adequado das alterações dentárias e miofuncionais. Este relato de caso clínico apresenta o tratamento odontológico em criança com três anos de idade com cárie precoce da infância leve, com consequente perda dos incisivos centrais superiores devido a trauma, a reabilitação estética e funcional e tratamento fonoaudiológico. Os procedimentos clínicos odontológicos foram instrução de higiene bucal, aconselhamento dietético e realização das restaurações com resina composta devido ao acometimento por lesão cariosa dos dentes 64, 84, 85, 74, 75 (oclusal); e dentes 51, 61, 52 e 62 (face vestibular). Após um ano de preservação foi realizada a exodontia dos dentes 51 e 61 (com história de trauma anterior à primeira consulta), devido a reabsorção externa avançada. Em seguida, mantenedor de espaço estético-funcional removível foi colocado na região anterior superior. Avaliação fonoaudiológica foi realizada utilizando o protocolo Miofuncional Orofacial (MBGR), sendo verificadas as funções orofaciais, mobilidade e tônus muscular. Foram atribuídos escores para cada item avaliado no protocolo. Confirmou-se dificuldade de mobilidade dos lábios e língua com diminuição do tônus da bochecha e alterações na fala. A terapia fonoaudiológica foi estabelecida durante três meses com periodicidade semanal, havendo melhora em todos os aspectos alterados, confirmados pela adequação dos escores do Protocolo MBGR. No tratamento odontológico foram observados resultados clinicamente satisfatórios para a criança e responsáveis. Concluiu-se que o trabalho interdisciplinar entre a Odontologia e Fonoaudiologia proporcionou tratamento adequado para as condições bucais apresentadas pela criança, proporcionando saúde bucal e prognóstico favorável.