Melatonin: Current evidence on protective and therapeutic roles in gynecological diseases

Melatonin, a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger, has been demonstrated to be effective in gynecological conditions and female reproductive cancers. This review consolidates the accumulating evidence on melatonin's multifaceted protective effects in different pathological contexts. In gynecological conditions such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and uterine leiomyoma, melatonin has shown promising effects in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormonal imbalances. It inhibits adhesion molecules' production, and potentially mitigates leukocyte adherence and inflammatory responses. Melatonin's regulatory effects on hormone production and insulin sensitivity in PCOS individuals make it a promising candidate for improving oocyte quality and menstrual irregularities. Moreover, melatonin exhibits significant antitumor effects by modulating various signaling pathways, promoting apoptosis, and suppressing metastasis in breast cancers and gynecological cancers, including ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers. Furthermore, melatonin's protective effects are suggested to be mediated by interactions with its receptors, estrogen receptors and other nuclear receptors. The regulation of clock-related genes and circadian clock systems may also contribute to its inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth. However, more comprehensive research is warranted to fully elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and establish melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent for these conditions.

Melatonin and oral diseases: possible therapeutic roles based on cellular mechanisms

Oral diseases, including periodontal disorders, oral cancer, periodontitis, and mucositis are the major challenges for both patients and healthcare providers. These conditions often involve inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired cellular processes, leading to symptoms ranging from discomfort to severe debilitation. Conventional treatments for such oral diseases exhibit constraints, prompting the investigation of innovative therapeutic approaches. Considering the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects of melatonin, this study was carried out to investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin in mitigating the severity of oral diseases. Studies indicate that melatonin influences the differentiation of periodontal stem cells, inhibits oral cancer progression, reduces inflammation associated with periodontitis, and alleviates the severity of oral mucositis. Melatonin has demonstrated potential efficacy in both preclinical and clinical investigations; however, findings are frequently heterogeneous and contingent upon contextual factors. This review provides a comprehensiveoverview of current state of knowledge in this domain, elucidating the multifaceted role that melatonin may assume in combatingoral diseases. Further research should be directed toward determining the most effective dosing, timing, and administration methods for melatonin-based therapies for oral diseases.

Parotid Masson's Tumor in a 29-years-old woman: A Case Report

Introduction

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a papillary hyperplasia of the endothelial vascular cells, also called Masson's tumor. Masson's etiology and risk factors remain unclear but trauma and vascular pathologic conditions may start the tumor process from its common regions like extremities. Common presentations include swelling and mild pain. Our Radiologic modality of choice is Contrast-enhanced MRI which can help us before operating parotidectomy, the gold standard of tumor treatment. As presented in this study, Parotid Masson's tumor, is a very rare form of Masson's,making it even more exceptional.

Case Report

This paper reports a case of a 29-years-old woman with a mass in herright parotid gland from 17 years ago, which has slowly increased in size during these years. She underwent a total parotidectomy following unsuccessful Fibrovein injections, which caused her inflammation. Embolization was performed before the resection to decrease the risk of its hemorrhage. Postoperative follow-up confirmed the reliability of this treatment method as the patient declared no side effects. Apart from its tough diagnosis, since Masson's tumors, especially the ones that emerge in the parotid, are rare, we decided to introduce this case to deliver more information about the treatment and diagnosis of this rare disease to other colleagues.

Conclusions

The prognosis of parotid Masson's is admirable following a total resection. The patient had no postoperative complaints with no need for multiple visits after resection.

Therapeutic options and hot topics in vitiligo with special focus on pediatrics' vitiligo: A comprehensive review study

Vitiligo is a common skin disorder with an estimated worldwide prevalence to 2.28% which is connected with selective melanocytes loss which leads to depigmentation and chalky-white macules. Vitiligo may be dismissed as a cosmetic problem and may have psychologic impacts on patients. It is occurring in both children and adults and is considered as the most common depigmenting skin disorder in the world. There are still many unknown topics about this disease regarding to its treatment in pediatrics, curable drugs and manifestations. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the recent studies about its therapeutic strategies in pediatrics. Topical therapies should be considered as first line treatment in children, but phototherapy especially NBUVB may be used after topical treatment modalities failure or in extensive or rapidly progressive disease. Our suggestion for the treatment of this disease in children is to use combine treatment modalities with observing safety according to the patient's age.