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Farrell M, Singh A, Mayhew PD, Lillo-Araya F, Massari F, Richardson D, Collier AJ. Bilateral, single-session, laparoscopic adrenalectomy was associated with favorable outcomes in a cohort of dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1-5. [PMID: 37290759 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.03.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report perioperative characteristics and outcome following bilateral, single-session, laparoscopic adrenalectomy (BSSLA) in dogs. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs (n = 6). CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed and perioperative data collected, including preoperative diagnostic imaging, operative details, complications, and need for conversion to open laparotomy. Bilateral, single-session, laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed on the right or left side with a standard 3- or 4-portal transperitoneal technique. The dog was repositioned to contralateral recumbency, and laparoscopic adrenalectomy was repeated. Follow-up information was collected by telephone interviews with the owners and/or referring veterinarian. RESULTS Median age and weight of dogs were 126 months and 14.75 kg, respectively. Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) was performed in all dogs. Median maximal tumor diameter was 2.6 and 2.3 cm for the right and left-sided tumors, respectively. Median surgical and anesthesia times were 158 and 240 minutes, respectively. Conversion to open laparotomy was performed in 1 dog following renal vein laceration during initial adrenalectomy. Left adrenalectomy and ureteronephrectomy were performed, and the right adrenal tumor was left in situ. Cardiac arrest occurred in 1 dog following initial adrenalectomy (left); however, the dog was resuscitated successfully, and contralateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed without complication. All dogs survived to hospital discharge. Follow-up ranged from 60 to 730 days (median, 264 days) for dogs that successfully underwent BSSLA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE BSSLA was associated with favorable outcomes in this cohort of dogs. Laparoscopy may be considered in dogs with bilateral, modestly sized, noninvasive adrenal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makayla Farrell
- 1Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ameet Singh
- 1Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Philipp D Mayhew
- 2Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Felipe Lillo-Araya
- 3Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Danielle Richardson
- 1Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Allison J Collier
- 1Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Collier AJ, Gomez DE, Monteith G, Plattner BL, Verbrugghe A, Webb J, Weese JS, Blois SL. Investigating fecal microbial transplant as a novel therapy in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease: A preliminary study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276295. [PMID: 36256653 PMCID: PMC9578606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited studies investigating the use of fecal microbial transplant (FMT) in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this preliminary study was to assess the feasibility of adding FMT to standard therapy (corticosteroids and a hypoallergenic diet) for dogs with IBD and to and to describe the changes in measured outcomes after 30 days of treatment. METHODS Thirteen client-owned dogs with IBD were enrolled in this double blinded, randomized clinical trial. All dogs received corticosteroid therapy and a hypoallergenic diet; dogs were randomized to receive either placebo or FMT. Measured outcomes included the canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) at 1 week and 1 month after enrolment. Fecal microbiota were analyzed after extracting DNA from fecal samples and profiling using 16S amplicon sequencing. Dogs in the placebo group not responding to treatment after 1 month were offered FMT. RESULTS The CCECAI significantly decreased over time in both groups (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between the CCECAI of the placebo and FMT group at each time point (F test from ANOVA, p = 0.40). No adverse effects were reported in the 30 days following FMT. CONCLUSIONS The addition of FMT to standard therapy for IBD was feasible. No significant differences were observed in the CCECAI between groups at each time point. Large scale clinical trials can be performed using these methods to evaluate the longer term effect of FMT on clinical signs, microbial diversity, and other outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Collier
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Diego E. Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Monteith
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon L. Plattner
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinelle Webb
- Mississauga Oakville Veterinary Emergency Hospital, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Scott Weese
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shauna L. Blois
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Tang S, Collier AJ, Elliott RM. Alterations to both the primary and predicted secondary structure of stem-loop IIIc of the hepatitis C virus 1b 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) lead to mutants severely defective in translation which cannot be complemented in trans by the wild-type 5'UTR sequence. J Virol 1999; 73:2359-64. [PMID: 9971819 PMCID: PMC104481 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.3.2359-2364.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/1998] [Accepted: 12/08/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cap-independent translation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomic RNA is mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) within the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the virus RNA. To investigate the effects of alterations to the primary sequence of the 5'UTR on IRES activity, a series of HCV genotype 1b (HCV-1b) variant IRES elements was generated and cloned into a bicistronic reporter construct. Changes from the prototypic HCV-1b 5'UTR sequence were identified at various locations throughout the 5'UTR. The translation efficiencies of these IRES elements were examined by an in vivo transient expression assay in transfected BHK-21 cells and were found to range from 0.4 to 95.8% of the activity of the prototype HCV-1b IRES. Further mutational analysis of the three single-point mutants most severely defective in activity, whose mutations were all located in or near stem-loop IIIc, demonstrated that both the primary sequence and the maintenance of base pairing within this stem structure were critical for HCV IRES function. Complementation studies indicated that defective mutants containing either point mutations or major deletions within the IRES elements could not be complemented in trans by a wild-type IRES.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tang
- Institute of Virology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Collier AJ, Tang S, Elliott RM. Translation efficiencies of the 5' untranslated region from representatives of the six major genotypes of hepatitis C virus using a novel bicistronic reporter assay system. J Gen Virol 1998; 79 ( Pt 10):2359-66. [PMID: 9780040 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-79-10-2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) which directs translation of the viral open reading frame (ORF). The 5'UTR is highly conserved between virus isolates in both primary sequence and predicted secondary structure. We cloned and sequenced the 5' regions (nt 18 of the 5'UTR to nt 15 of the core coding sequence) of HCV isolates representing the six major genotypes and subcloned these into a bicistronic, dual luciferase reporter construct. The relative expression of the two luciferases, one directed by the HCV IRES and the other by cap-dependent ribosome scanning, was used to compare the activities of the different IRES elements in transfected cells. The 5'UTR from a genotype 2b isolate was the most efficient at directing translation in all four cell lines tested: BHK-21, HeLa-T4+, HuH7 and HepG2. In HepG2 cells the 2b 5'UTR was three times as efficient as the type 6a 5'UTR, which was generally the least active IRES tested. These data suggest that HCV isolates are not able to translate their ORF with equal efficiency, and provide a starting point from which further sequence-function studies can be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Collier
- Institute of Virology, University of Glasgow, UK
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Fahey MS, Paterson IC, Stone A, Collier AJ, Heung YL, Davies M, Patel V, Parkinson EK, Prime SS. Dysregulation of autocrine TGF-beta isoform production and ligand responses in human tumour-derived and Ha-ras-transfected keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Br J Cancer 1996; 74:1074-80. [PMID: 8855977 PMCID: PMC2077118 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the autocrine production of TGF-beta 1, -beta 2 and -beta 3 in culture supernatants from tumour-derived (H series, n = 7; BICR series, n = 5), Ha-ras-transfected (n = 4) and normal (n = 2) human keratinocytes using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Detection limits were 39.0 pg ml-1 for TGF-beta 1, 78.0 pg ml-1 for TGF-beta 2 and 1.9 ng ml-1 for TGF-beta 3. Tumour-derived oral keratinocytes predominantly produced less TGF-beta 1 than normal oral epithelial cells; the expression of endogenous TGF-beta 2 was variable. In keratinocytes containing mutant Ha-ras, TGF-beta 1 production was enhanced and TGF-beta 2 was undetectable. TGF-beta 3 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) but the protein was not detected in conditioned media, most probably because of the low detection limits of the ELISA for this isoform. Neutralisation experiments indicated that the latent TGF-beta peptide was secreted in keratinocyte conditioned medium. Seven tumour-derived keratinocyte cell lines (H series) and fibroblasts separated from normal (n = 1) and tumour-derived (n = 2) keratinocyte cultures were examined for their response to exogenous TGF-beta 1, -beta 2 and -beta 3. Six of seven tumour-derived keratinocyte cell lines were inhibited by TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 (-beta 1 > -beta 2); one cell line was refractory to both TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2. Keratinocytes were inhibited (4 of 7), stimulated (1 of 7) or failed to respond (2 of 7) to TGF-beta 3, TGF-beta 1, -beta 2 and -beta 3 stimulated both normal and tumour-associated fibroblasts, but the tumour-associated fibroblasts showed less response to the ligands than their normal counterparts following prolonged treatment with each isoform. The results demonstrate variable autocrine production of TGF-beta isoforms by malignant keratinocytes, with loss of TGF-beta 1 generally associated with the tumour-derived phenotype and modification of endogenous isoform production dependent on the genetic background of the tumour cells. Further, the variable response of the tumour-derived keratinocytes and contiguous fibroblasts to the TGF-beta isoforms suggests that dysregulation of TGF-beta autocrine and paracrine networks are common characteristics of squamous epithelial malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Fahey
- Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, UK
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Collier AJ, Elsegood KA, Yeudall WA, Paterson IC, Prime SS, Sandy JR. TGF-beta isoforms fail to modulate inositol phosphates and cAMP in normal and tumour-derived human oral keratinocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996; 1315:117-22. [PMID: 8608168 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(95)00109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study examined inositol phosphate and cAMP regulation by TGF-beta 1, -beta 2 and -beta 3 in normal and tumour-derived human oral keratinocytes. Previous findings indicated that the cell lines expressed TGF-beta cell surface receptors and had a range of response to exogenous TGF-beta 1, -beta 2 and -beta 3 from being refractory to the ligand to marked inhibition. Basal levels of inositol phosphates broadly reflected the differentiation status of the cells as demonstrated by involucrin expression, but did not correlate with responsiveness to TGF-beta 1, as measured previously by thymidine incorporation. Treatment of cells with bradykinin or serum caused up-regulation of inositol phosphate levels; by contrast, TGF-beta 1, -beta 2 and -beta 3 failed to modulate inositol phosphates. In two tumour-derived cell lines, the TGF-beta isoforms had no effect on cAMP levels, despite a significant increase in cAMP using a potent agonist of adenylate cyclase (forskolin). Furthermore, the cAMP analogue, dibutyryl cAMP, failed to mimic the inhibitory or refractory responses of TGF-beta in these cells lines. The results demonstrate that in normal and tumour-derived human oral keratinocytes, TGF-beta signal transduction is not mediated by inositol phosphates or cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Collier
- Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, UK
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Fahey MS, Collier AJ, Stone A, Paterson IC, Prime SS. Transforming growth factor-beta isoform autocrine production by cultured ras-transfected and tumour-derived human keratinocytes. Biochem Soc Trans 1995; 23:440S. [PMID: 8566329 DOI: 10.1042/bst023440s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M S Fahey
- Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, UK
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Abstract
Radio-iodinated hepatitis A virus binds to cultured mammalian cells in a saturable manner, with about 1.4 x 10(3) sites/cell and a S0.5 of about 1.4 x 10(-11) M for FRhK-4 cells. This binding to FRhK-4 cells shows evidence of positive co-operativity, with a Hill coefficient of 2.1 (+/- 0.1). This implies that the cellular receptor for the virus may have multiple binding sites and that the affinity of HAV for its receptor is increased if one of the binding sites is occupied by virus. Binding is completely blocked by two neutralising monoclonal antibodies, which also inhibit viral haemagglutination. A non-neutralising monoclonal antibody partially inhibits binding to FRhK-4 cells, but has no effect on haemagglutination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Collier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, UK
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Smith BL, Collier AJ, Lawrence RJ, Towers NR. Hypocalcaemia associated with high dose rates of zinc oxide to lactating dairy cows. N Z Vet J 1984; 32:48-50. [PMID: 16031045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical hypocalcaemia was associated with single doses of three oi more days; supply of zinc oxide to dairy cows for facial eczema control. Experimental hand dosing of a single dose of zinc oxide (40 and 120 mg Zn/kg b wt) to Jersey cows caused a significant drop in serum calcium concentration at 24 h followed by a rise to concentrations higher than controls at subsequent samplings over four days. At the highest zinc dose rate, 78% of serum calcium values were equal to or lower than the lowest control value at 24 h post dosing. Serum magnesium concentrations had a reciprocal relationship to the calcium levels at all samplings. Serum zinc concentrations were most elevated over the 48 h post dosing, returning to normal levels at the fifth day. Following the highest zinc dose milk yields were reduced by approximately 1.5 kg milk/cow/day for 48 h. Similar results were obtained when cows grazed pasture on which large amounts of zinc oxide had been sprayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Smith
- Ruakura Animal Research Station, Private Bag, Hamilton
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Collier AJ. Study tour in England. Setting the scene. WORLD HOSPITALS 1982; 18:12-4. [PMID: 10258111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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