Machamba AAL, Azevedo FM, Fracalossi KO, do C C Franceschini S. Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnancy on neurocognitive development on offspring in iodine deficiency areas: a systematic review.
Arch Endocrinol Metab 2021;
65:352-367. [PMID:
34191411 PMCID:
PMC10065350 DOI:
10.20945/2359-3997000000376]
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Abstract
Objective
To investigate the effect of iodine supplementation during gestation on the neurocognitive development of children in areas where iodine deficiency is common.
Methods
Based on the PRISMA methodology, we conducted the search for articles in the PubMed, LILACS and Scopus databases, between March and April 2020, without limitation of dates. We used descriptors in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, without filters. Four clinical trials and four cohort articles were included in the review.
Results
The maximum supplementation was 300 μg of potassium iodide per day. The Bayley scale and Children's Communication Checklist-Short were used to assess neurodevelopment in children. There was no significant improvement in the children's mental development index and behavioural development index in the supplemented group; however, the psychomotor development index (PDI) showed improvement in the poorer gross motor skills. We found differences in the response time to sound in the supplemented group living in mild deficiency areas.
Conclusion
Daily supplementation with iodine can improve poor psychomotor development of children living in mild to moderate iodine deficiency areas. Thus, it is necessary to perform further studies to assess the effect of supplementation on neurodevelopment before, during and after gestation in mild to moderate iodine deficiency areas.
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