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Rogers CR, Jimenez V, Benjamin A, Rudolph KD, Telzer EH. The Effect of Parents and Peers on the Neural Correlates of Risk Taking and Antisocial Behavior During Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2023:10.1007/s10964-023-01789-4. [PMID: 37249810 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Social and neurobiological factors independently associate with the development of antisocial behavior during adolescence, yet it is unclear how these factors contribute to antisocial behavior in girls. Using a longitudinal sample of 45 adolescent girls (age in years at scan: M = 15.38, SD = 0.33), this study examined the contributions of parent-adolescent relationship quality and deviant peer affiliation from 6th-8th grades along with the neural correlates of risk taking in 9th grade to later antisocial behavior. High parent-adolescent closeness in early adolescence predicted lower antisocial behavior for girls in later adolescence via lower affiliation with deviant peer groups and less activation of the medial prefrontal cortex during risk taking. Findings highlight the enduring role of parents and peers during adolescence, and the importance of investigating social relationships alongside the brain to identify a holistic understanding of the development of antisocial behavior in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy R Rogers
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Virnaliz Jimenez
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Amanda Benjamin
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen D Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Cousillas-Boam G, Weber WJ, Benjamin A, Kahl S, Heins BJ, Elsasser TH, Kerr DE, Crooker BA. Effect of Holstein genotype on innate immune and metabolic responses of heifers to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 70:106374. [PMID: 31499245 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Heifers (n = 4/genotype) from unselected (stable genotype since 1964, UH) and contemporary (CH) Holsteins that differed in milk yield (6,200 and 11,100 kg milk/305 d) were used to assess the impact of selection on innate immune and acute-phase response to an endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS). Jugular catheters were implanted 24 h before LPS administration. Blood samples were collected at -1, -0.5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h relative to iv administration of 0.5 μg LPS/kg BW. Rectal body temperature (BT) was determined at these sampling times and at 5 and 7 h. Dermal biopsies were collected after the 24 h blood sample and processed to isolate fibroblasts. Plasma was analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum amyloid A (SAA), xanthine oxidase (XO), and nitrate + nitrite (NOx), cortisol, glucose, and IGF-1 content. Isolated fibroblasts were exposed to IL-1β or LPS and IL-6 and IL-8 content of culture media determined. Exposure to LPS increased BTs and plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 SAA, XO, cortisol, and glucose (P < 0.05) in both genotypes. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α, XO, NOx, and glucose did not differ (P > 0.25) between the genotypes, but IL-6 and SAA concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) in CH relative to UH heifers while cortisol and IGF-1 concentrations tended (P < 0.08) to be reduced in CH heifers. After 36 h exposure to LPS, concentrations of IL-6 were greater (P < 0.05) in culture media from incubations of CH than UH fibroblasts but concentrations of IL-8 did not differ between genotypes. There was a trend (P = 0.08) for IL-8 concentrations to be reduced in media from CH fibroblasts exposed to IL-1β for 24 h but IL-6 concentrations did not differ between genotypes. Results indicate 50 yr of selection has reduced the robustness of the innate immune and acute-phase response to LPS in the contemporary Holstein heifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cousillas-Boam
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - W J Weber
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - A Benjamin
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - S Kahl
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - B J Heins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267, USA
| | - T H Elsasser
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - D E Kerr
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - B A Crooker
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Benjamin A, Lau K, Habibian M, Scalia G, Burstow D, Thomson B, Prabhu A, Tesar P, Bancroft J, Fraser J, Platts D. Assessment of Left Ventricular Apical Morphology Using Contrast-Enhanced Transthoracic Echocardiography Prior to Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Martin FDC, Benjamin A, MacLean R, Hollinshead DM, Landqvist C. Use of a collaborative tool to simplify the outsourcing of preclinical safety studies: an insight into the AstraZeneca-Charles River Laboratories strategic relationship. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1754-1759. [PMID: 28851537 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In 2012, AstraZeneca entered into a strategic relationship with Charles River Laboratories whereby preclinical safety packages comprising safety pharmacology, toxicology, formulation analysis, in vivo ADME, bioanalysis and pharmacokinetics studies are outsourced. New processes were put in place to ensure seamless workflows with the aim of accelerating the delivery of new medicines to patients. Here, we describe in more detail the AstraZeneca preclinical safety outsourcing model and the way in which a collaborative tool has helped to translate the processes in AstraZeneca and Charles River Laboratories into simpler integrated workflows that are efficient and visible across the two companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic D C Martin
- AstraZeneca, Alliance and Project Management, Drug Safety & Metabolism, Melbourn Science Park, Hertfordshire SG8 6HB, UK.
| | - Amanda Benjamin
- AstraZeneca, Alliance and Project Management, Drug Safety & Metabolism, Melbourn Science Park, Hertfordshire SG8 6HB, UK
| | - Ruth MacLean
- Charles River Laboratories, Client Services, Safety Assessment, Tranent, Edinburgh EH33 2NE, UK
| | - David M Hollinshead
- Elixir Software Ltd, Technical Director, Alderley Park BioHub, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Claire Landqvist
- AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, IMED RIA, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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Kietzman K, McBride K, Moon M, Bacigalupo A, Benjamin A, Reynoso A, Wallace S, Bacong A. FEE-FOR-SERVICE OR MANAGED CARE? INVESTIGATING DUAL ELIGIBLE CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR HEALTH CARE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K.G. Kietzman
- UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, Los Angeles, California,
| | - K. McBride
- UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, Los Angeles, California,
| | - M. Moon
- Westside Center for Independent Living, Los Angeles, California
| | - A. Bacigalupo
- Westside Center for Independent Living, Los Angeles, California
| | - A. Benjamin
- UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, Los Angeles, California,
| | - A. Reynoso
- UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, Los Angeles, California,
| | - S.P. Wallace
- UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, Los Angeles, California,
| | - A. Bacong
- UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, Los Angeles, California,
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Bhagavath B, Towle V, Conner S, Kumar D, Nicandri K, Benjamin A. Postoperative Urinary Retention Decreases with Backfill of Urinary Bladder in the Operating Room. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2016.08.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gardiner P, Wikell C, Clifton S, Shearer J, Benjamin A, Peters SA. Neutrophil maturation rate determines the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibition on neutrophil serine protease activity. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2390-401. [PMID: 27186823 PMCID: PMC4945769 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) are activated by dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1) during neutrophil maturation. The effects of neutrophil turnover rate on NSP activity following DPP1 inhibition was studied in a rat pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. Experimental Approach Rats were treated with a DPP1 inhibitor twice daily for up to 14 days; NSP activity was measured in onset or recovery studies, and an indirect response model was fitted to the data to estimate the turnover rate of the response. Key Results Maximum NSP inhibition was achieved after 8 days of treatment and a reduction of around 75% NSP activity was achieved at 75% in vitro DPP1 inhibition. Both the rate of inhibition and recovery of NSP activity were consistent with a neutrophil turnover rate of between 4–6 days. Using human neutrophil turnover rate, it is predicted that maximum NSP inhibition following DPP1 inhibition takes around 20 days in human. Conclusions and Implications Following inhibition of DPP1 in the rat, the NSP activity was determined by the amount of DPP1 inhibition and the turnover of neutrophils and is thus supportive of the role of neutrophil maturation in the activation of NSPs. Clinical trials to monitor the effect of a DPP1 inhibitor on NSPs should take into account the delay in maximal response on the one hand as well as the potential delay in a return to baseline NSP levels following cessation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Clifton
- BioFocus, A Charles River Company, UK
| | - J Shearer
- BioFocus, A Charles River Company, UK
| | | | - S A Peters
- AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden.,Merck Serono R&D, Darmstadt, Germany
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Munir H, Benjamin A, Allwood JW, Dunn WB, He S, Nash GB, McGettrick HM. A1.18 Mesenchymal stem cells lose their immuno-protective effects upon changes in their local microenvironment. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209124.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Benjamin A, Collins T, Fjellström O, Lengel D, Thalén P, Wahlund G, Wallenius K, Eriksson AW. Are GPR81 agonists associated with cardiovascular effects? J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Benjamin A, Gallacher DJ, Greiter-Wilke A, Guillon JM, Kasai C, Ledieu D, Levesque P, Prelle K, Ratcliffe S, Sannajust F, Valentin JP. Renal studies in safety pharmacology and toxicology: A survey conducted in the top 15 pharmaceutical companies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 75:101-10. [PMID: 25637943 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the recent development of more sensitive biomarkers to assess kidney injury preclinically, a survey was designed i) to investigate what strategies are used to investigate renal toxicity in both ICH S7A compliant Safety Pharmacology (SP) studies after a single dose of a compound and within repeat-dose toxicity studies by large pharmaceutical companies today; ii) to understand whether renal SP studies have impact or utility in drug development and/or if it may be more appropriate to assess renal effects after multiple doses of compounds; iii) to ascertain how much mechanistic work is performed by the top 15 largest pharmaceutical companies (as determined by R&D revenue size); iv) to gain an insight into the impact of the validation of DIKI biomarkers and their introduction in the safety evaluation paradigm; and v) to understand the impact of renal/urinary safety study data on progression of projects. METHODS Two short anonymous surveys were submitted to SP leaders of the top 15 pharmaceutical companies, as defined by 2012 R&D portfolio size. Fourteen multiple choice questions were designed to explore the strategies used to investigate renal effects in both ICH S7A compliant SP studies and within toxicology studies. RESULTS A 67% and 60% response rate was obtained in the first and second surveys, respectively. Nine out of ten respondent companies conduct renal excretory measurements (eg. urine analysis) in toxicology studies whereas only five out of ten conduct specific renal SP studies; and all of those 5 also conduct the renal excretory measurements in toxicology studies. These companies measure and/or calculate a variety of parameters as part of these studies, and also on a case by case basis include regulatory qualified and non-qualified DIKI biomarkers. Finally, only one company has used renal/urinary functional data alone to stop a project, whereas the majority of respondents combine renal data with other target organ assessments to form an integrated decision-making set. CONCLUSION These short surveys highlighted areas of similarity: a) urinary measurements are most commonly taken on repeat-dose toxicity studies, and b) renal SP studies are less often utilised. The two major differences are a) lack of consistent use of DIKI biomarkers in urinary safety studies and b) the way large pharmaceutical companies assess renal function. Finally, suggestions were made to improve the safety assessment methods for determining the safety of compounds with potential renal liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Benjamin
- Safety Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom.
| | - David J Gallacher
- Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Safety Research & Mechanistic Pharmacology Janssen, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Michel Guillon
- Sanofi R&D, Preclinical Safety, Safety Pharmacology, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94400 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - Cheiko Kasai
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-1-6, Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8514, Japan
| | - David Ledieu
- Novartis Pharma AG, Preclinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Katja Prelle
- Safety Pharmacology, Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sian Ratcliffe
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 0634, USA
| | - Frederick Sannajust
- Safety & Exploratory Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, SALAR Division, 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West-Point, PA 19486-0004, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Valentin
- Safety Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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Yamada A, Ischenko M, Walters D, Hamilton-Craig C, Platts D, Speranza V, Benjamin A, Harten M, Burstow D, Chan J. Short-term effects of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on left ventricular transmural mechanics using multi-layer speckle tracking echocardiography. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mielcarek M, Rattray I, Osborne G, Jolinon N, Dick J, Bondulich M, Franklin S, Ahmed M, Benjamin A, Goodwin D, Lazell H, Chang X, Lehar A, Wood T, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Howland D, Smith D, Lee S, Greensmith L, Bates G. M09 Myostatin Inhibition as a Novel Approach to Targeting Muscle Pathology in HD. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ali N, Landles C, Salsbury G, Osborne G, Benjamin A, Lazell H, Goodwin D, Smith D, Franklin S, Bates G. C02 Molecular Analysis Of The Zq175 Knock-in Mouse Model. J Neurol Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Carrillo J, Thompson E, Ghazi A, Benjamin A. Laparoscopic Simulation: Ob/Gyn and Urology Resident Perceptions and Performance. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2013.08.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pinches M, Benjamin A, Furlong S, Brott D. Current status and future perspectives of renal safety biomarkers. Toxicol Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.06.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ewart L, Milne A, Adkins D, Benjamin A, Bialecki R, Chen Y, Ericsson AC, Gardner S, Grant C, Lengel D, Lindgren S, Lowing S, Marks L, Moors J, Oldman K, Pietras M, Prior H, Punton J, Redfern WS, Salmond R, Skinner M, Some M, Stanton A, Swedberg M, Finch J, Valentin JP. A multi-site comparison of in vivo safety pharmacology studies conducted to support ICH S7A & B regulatory submissions. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013; 68:30-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Speranza V, Yamada A, Cafaro J, Ischenko M, Benjamin A, Harten M, Anderson B, Platts D, Hamilton-Craig C, Burstow D, Chan J. Assessment of Inter-observer Reproducibility of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain between an Expert and Novice Observer. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sedgwick J, Secomb A, Sherman J, Benjamin A, Denman R, Burstow D, Roper D. The Role of Modern-Era Transthoracic Echocardiography for Detection of Cardiac Device-Related Infective Endocarditis. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ischenko M, Yamada A, Cafaro J, Speranza V, Harten M, Benjamin A, Platts D, Hamilton-Craig C, Burstow D, Chan J. Evaluation of Inter-vendor Consistency and Reproducibility of Left Ventricular Two-dimensional Strain Measurements with Two Different High-end Ultrasound Systems. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Luis S, Yamada A, Sathianathan D, Ta’i S, Benjamin A, Haseler L, Hourigan L, Burstow D, Chan J. Three Dimensional Global Strain is a Potential New Marker for Assessment of Left Ventricular Function: A Comparative Study to Three Dimensional Echocardiography. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Platts D, Burstow D, Benjamin A, Samardh H, Indrajith M, Walters D. Septal Contrast Enhancement Morphology Does Not Correlate with Biochemical or Echocardiographic Outcomes in TASH. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Benjamin A, Sedgwick J, Burstow D, West C, Boucaut S, Platts D. The Role of Echocardiography and Utility of Second-generation Contrast Agents in the Assessment of Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Coronary Artery-left Ventricular Fistulae. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sathianathan D, Kelly N, West C, Bolton B, Benjamin A, Burstow D, Chan J. Reproducibility of Segmental Myocardial Strain and Myocardial Velocity Analysis During Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Benjamin A, Sedgwick J, Burstow D, West C, Boucaut S, Platts D. The Clinical and Investigative Features of Patients with Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndromes. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ogueh O, Johnson MR, Benjamin A. A longitudinal study of the effect of heparin thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy on maternal bone metabolism. Obstet Med 2009; 2:157-60. [PMID: 27579062 DOI: 10.1258/om.2009.090047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of heparin thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy on maternal biochemical markers of bone metabolism. This was a prospective longitudinal study of carboxy terminal pro-peptide of type I collagen (PICP) and cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) levels in 15 women, who had heparin thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy compared with those of 18 normal pregnant controls. During pregnancy, the rate of change of PICP and ICTP in women who had heparin thromboprophylaxis was similar to those of women who did not (P = 0.184 for PICP, and P = 0.129 for ICTP), and PICP and ICTP levels at individual time points were similar in both groups. Therefore, heparin thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy does not affect maternal biochemical markers of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ogueh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital , 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal , Canada H3A 1A1
| | - M R Johnson
- Academic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital , 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH , UK
| | - A Benjamin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital , 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal , Canada H3A 1A1
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Benjamin A, Moriakova A, Akhter N, Rao D, Xie H, Kukreja S, Barengolts E. Determinants of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in African-American and Caucasian male veterans. Osteoporos Int 2009; 20:1795-803. [PMID: 19280273 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-0873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Among 307 males seen in VA Medical Center, independent determinants (p < 0.01 for all) of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels included race, vitamin D supplements, BMI, dietary calcium intake and smoking, but not age. Negative association between 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) was similar for Caucasian and African-American men. INTRODUCTION In this prospective cohort study, we examined determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and the relationship between 25(OH)D and PTH levels and body mass index (BMI). METHODS Male veterans (n = 307) were recruited at a VA Medical Center. Serum levels of PTH and 25(OH)D were obtained. Surveys and chart reviews were completed. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Among 232 African-American (AA) men (mean +/- SD), 25(OH)D level (21.4 +/- 10.4 ng/ml) was lower and prevalence of insufficiency (80%) was higher than among 75 Caucasians (C; 28.5 +/- 11.1 ng/ml and 53%, respectively, p < 0.01 for both). In multivariate regression analysis, independent determinants (p < 0.01 for all) of 25(OH)D levels included AA race, vitamin D supplements, BMI, dietary calcium intake, and smoking. Despite lower 25(OH)D levels in African-Americans, PTH levels were similar to those seen in Caucasians. There was a significant (p < 0.02) negative linear association between 25(OH)D and PTH in African-American (r(2) = 0.05) and Caucasian (r(2) = 0.08) men, and there was no difference between the slopes of the relationship. CONCLUSIONS 25(OH)D levels are determined by modifiable risk factors such as vitamin D supplementation in both AA and C males. The negative association between 25(OH)D and PTH is similar between the two races.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benjamin
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Medical Center, MC 640, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Lysnyansky I, Brenner J, Bernstein M, Elad D, Blum S, Friedgut O, Rotenberg D, Alpert N, Benjamin A. Identification of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium
and Mycoplasma canadense
from outbreaks of granulopapular vulvovaginitis in dairy cattle in Israel. Vet Rec 2009; 165:319-22. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.165.11.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Rotenberg
- Kimron Veterinary Institute; PO Box 12 Bet Dagan 50250 Israel
| | | | - A. Benjamin
- ‘Hahaklait’; PO Box 3039 Caesarea 38900 Israel
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Benjamin A. Double Osteotomy of the Knee. Scand J Rheumatol 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/03009747409115797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Champagne K, Schwartzman K, Opatrny L, Barriga P, Morin L, Mallozzi A, Benjamin A, Kimoff RJ. Obstructive sleep apnoea and its association with gestational hypertension. Eur Respir J 2009; 33:559-65. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00122607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sarvary E, Nagy P, Benjamin A, Szoke M, Remport A, Jansen J, Nemes B, Kobori L, Fehervari I, Sulyok B, Perner F, Varga M, Fazakas J, Lakatos M, Szabo M, Toth A, Járay J. Mutation scanning of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in renal and liver transplant patients in Hungary. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:969-72. [PMID: 15848594 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.12.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased incidence of malignancies among transplanted patients is well known. Abnormal function of the p53 tumor suppressor gene has been reported in more than half of all tumors. The aim of our study was to detect point mutations of p53 gene in transplanted patients because the presence of mutations may be a predictive factor for tumor development. An earlier diagnosis can help to develop new strategies for immunosuppressive therapies. METHODS Three point mutations were chosen based on the literature: exon5-codon175, exon7-codon248, exon8-codon273. Genomic DNA from the plasma of 60 liver, 362 renal transplants, and 45 nontransplanted patients with different tumors and 20 suspected healthy patients were analyzed with a real-time PCR method using the Roche LightCycler. The mutations were evaluated by melting curve analysis. RESULTS We elaborated a special protocol for scanning the above mentioned p53 point mutations, which were proved by sequencing as well. Among 487 patients, 486 showed a wild-type genotype. The only patient carrying a mutation at codon 273 (heterozygous) was a liver transplant patient, who developed pancreas carcinoma and had already died. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that mutations of the targeted codons in leukocyte DNA seem to be rare, but a mutation could be lethal. The evaluated three point mutations of p53 gene were not predictive for tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sarvary
- Semmelweis University, Transplantation and Surgical Clinic, Budapest, Hungary.
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Wanderley JLM, Benjamin A, Real F, Bonomo A, Moreira MEC, Barcinski MA. Apoptotic mimicry: an altruistic behavior in host/Leishmania interplay. Braz J Med Biol Res 2005; 38:807-12. [PMID: 15933773 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2005000600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is the most common phenotype observed when cells die through programmed cell death. The morphologic and biochemical changes that characterize apoptotic cells depend on the activation of a diverse set of genes. Apoptosis is essential for multicellular organisms since their development and homeostasis are dependent on extensive cell renewal. In fact, there is strong evidence for the correlation between the emergence of multicellular organisms and apoptosis during evolution. On the other hand, no obvious advantages can be envisaged for unicellular organisms to carry the complex machinery required for programmed cell death. However, accumulating evidence shows that free-living and parasitic protozoa as well as yeasts display apoptotic markers. This phenomenon has been related to altruistic behavior, when a subpopulation of protozoa or yeasts dies by apoptosis, with clear benefits for the entire population. Recently, phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and its recognition by a specific receptor (PSR) were implicated in the infectivity of amastigote forms of Leishmania, an obligatory vertebrate intramacrophagic parasite, showing for the first time that unicellular organisms use apoptotic features for the establishment and/or maintenance of infection. Here we focus on PS exposure in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane--an early hallmark of apoptosis--and how it modulates the inflammatory activity of phagocytic cells. We also discuss the possible mechanisms by which PS exposure can define Leishmania survival inside host cells and the evolutionary implications of apoptosis at the unicellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L M Wanderley
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, 20231-050 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Singh S, Benjamin A, Panda P, Bhatia AS. Evaluation of Pulse Polio and Routine Immunization Coverage in the Urban and Rural Population of Ludhiana District. Indian J Community Med 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.42861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the obstetrical outcome of pregnancies initially complicated by a low-lying placenta in the second trimester. METHODS We reviewed the obstetric outcome of all women with singleton deliveries from 1 January 1997 to 31 March 1999 and compared the 703 women with low-lying placentas (placentas in the lower uterine segment) with the 6938 women with placentas that were normally situated in the upper uterine segment at 16-22 weeks' gestation. RESULTS Pregnancies complicated by a low-lying placenta in the second trimester were not associated with antepartum hemorrhage, preterm births, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal growth restriction or cesarean births. However, they had a higher incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (odds ratio 1.768, 95% confidence interval 1.137, 2.748) than women with a normally situated placenta in the second trimester. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women with low-lying placentas in the second trimester have a higher incidence of postpartum hemorrhage and hence, it would be prudent to carefully manage the third stage of labor in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ogueh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Mujaibel K, Benjamin A, Delisle MF, Williams K. Lung cancer in pregnancy: case reports and review of the literature. J Matern Fetal Med 2001; 10:426-32. [PMID: 11798456 DOI: 10.1080/714052775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer diagnosed in pregnancy is rare. The number of reported cases has been escalating in recent years, probably reflecting the increasing number of women of reproductive age who smoke. This review presents three cases of lung cancer in pregnancy with different manifestations and outcomes, with a review of the literature. Physicians should have a low threshold using different diagnostic tools for investigating unusual symptoms during pregnancy without fear for fetal safety. Once diagnosed, lung cancer represents a major ethical and medical dilemma. The optimal management of lung cancer in pregnancy is not known, because of the rarity of the cases reported during pregnancy and insufficient follow-up data.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mujaibel
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study are to review the outcome of pregnancy in women with thrombophilia, and investigate the possible beneficial effect of heparin therapy in these women. METHODS We reviewed the hospital records of 126 women who were referred to the high-risk obstetrical hematology clinic between June 1996 and December 1999. The placental histology and outcome of 39 pregnancies in 24 women with hereditary thrombophilia were studied, and pregnancies which were treated with heparin were compared with those without treatment. RESULTS An adverse pregnancy outcome occurred in 54% of the pregnancies. All seven miscarriages (18%) occurred in pregnancies that were not treated with heparin. However, heparin treatment did not prevent the development of obstetric complications in later pregnancies (odds ratio=0.955, 95% C.I.=0.255-3.577, Fisher's exact test). Excluding miscarriages, 28% of the placentas had thrombotic lesions, and the pregnancies with placental thrombotic lesions were more likely to have complications than those pregnancies without placental abnormalities (P=0.023, C.I.=1.257-5.197, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy complications in cases of hereditary thrombophilia may be related to placental abnormalities. Heparin therapy is likely to be useful in preventing miscarriage in cases of hereditary thrombophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ogueh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, Quebec, Montreal, Canada.
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Kramer MS, Goulet L, Lydon J, Séguin L, McNamara H, Dassa C, Platt RW, Chen MF, Gauthier H, Genest J, Kahn S, Libman M, Rozen R, Masse A, Miner L, Asselin G, Benjamin A, Klein J, Koren G. Socio-economic disparities in preterm birth: causal pathways and mechanisms. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2001; 15 Suppl 2:104-23. [PMID: 11520404 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2001.00012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant mortality in industrialised societies. Its incidence is greatly increased among the socially disadvantaged, but the reasons for this excess are unclear and have been relatively unexplored. We hypothesise two distinct sets of causal pathways and mechanisms that may explain social disparities in preterm birth. The first set involves chronic and acute psychosocial stressors, psychological distress caused by those stressors, increased secretion of placental corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), changes in sexual behaviours or enhanced susceptibility to bacterial vaginosis and chorioamnionitis, cigarette smoking or cocaine use, and decidual vasculopathy. The second hypothesised pathway is a gene-environment interaction based on a highly prevalent mutation in the gene for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), combined with low folate intake from the diet and from prenatal vitamin supplements, consequent hyperhomocysteinemia, and decidual vasculopathy. We propose to test these hypothesised pathways and mechanisms in a nested case-control study within a prospectively recruited and followed cohort of pregnant women with singleton pregnancies who deliver at one of four Montreal hospitals that serve an ethnically and socio-economically diverse population. Following recruitment during the late first or early second trimester, participating women are seen at 24-26 weeks, when a research nurse obtains a detailed medical and obstetric history; administers several scales to assess chronic and acute stressors and psychological function; obtains blood samples for CRH, red blood cell and plasma folate, homocysteine, and DNA for the MTHFR mutation; and performs a digital and speculum examination to measure cervical length and vaginal pH and to obtain swabs for bacterial vaginosis and fetal fibronectin. After delivery, each case (delivery at < 37 completed weeks following spontaneous onset of labour or prelabour rupture of membranes) and two controls are selected for placental pathological examination, hair analysis of cotinine, cocaine, and benzoylecgonine, and analysis of stored blood and vaginal specimens. Statistical analysis will be based on multiple logistic regression and structural equation modelling, with sequential construction of models of potential aetiological determinants and covariates to test the hypothesised causal pathways and mechanisms. The research we propose should improve understanding of the factors and processes that mediate social disparities in preterm birth. This improved understanding should help not only in developing strategies to reduce the disparities but also in suggesting preventive interventions applicable across the entire socio-economic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A2.
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Duncan S, Mercho S, Lopes-Cendes I, Seni MH, Benjamin A, Dubeau F, Andermann F, Andermann E. Repeated neural tube defects and valproate monotherapy suggest a pharmacogenetic abnormality. Epilepsia 2001; 42:750-3. [PMID: 11422330 DOI: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.44300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Valproate (VPA) is an effective, widely used antiepileptic drug. Unfortunately its use in pregnant women is associated with neural tube defects in the offspring. Although the etiology of neural tube defects is multifactorial, there is evidence that underlying genetic susceptibility plays a part. We describe two women taking moderate doses of VPA who repeatedly bore children with neural tube defects, despite folate supplementation. This suggests a pharmacogenetic susceptibility to the teratogenic effects of VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Duncan
- Neurogenetics Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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Mujaibel K, Benjamin A, Delisle MF, Williams K. Lung cancer in pregnancy: case reports and review of the literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/jmf.10.6.426.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Benjamin A, Boucaut S, Aldridge K, Twidale N, Masterson M. The frequency of the Brugada ECG abnormality in 1000 consecutive patients. Heart Lung Circ 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1443-9506.2000.08291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether obstetric admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) are useful quality-assurance indicators. METHODS We analyzed retrospectively obstetric ICU admissions at two tertiary care centers from 1991 to 1997. RESULTS The 131 obstetric admissions represented 0.3% of all deliveries. The majority (78%) of women were admitted to the ICU postpartum. Obstetric hemorrhage (26%) and hypertension (21%) were the two most common reasons for admission. Together with cardiac disease, respiratory disorders, and infection, they accounted for more than 80% of all admissions. Preexisting medical conditions were present in 38% of all admissions. The median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 8.5. The predicted mortality rate for the group was 10.0%, and the actual mortality rate was 2.3%. CONCLUSION The most common precipitants of ICU admission were obstetric hemorrhage and uncontrolled hypertension. Improved management strategies for these problems may significantly reduce major maternal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Mahutte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Royal Victoria General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract in which bilateral anterior uveitis was the only complication. METHOD Serologic documentation of post-streptococcal immune disease. The duration of inflammation was consistent with other forms of poststreptococcal immune disease. RESULTS Bilateral anterior uveitis was treated with corticosteroids alone and resolved without ophthalmic complications. CONCLUSION Bilateral anterior uveitis may be the only clinical manifestation of poststreptococcal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benjamin
- UCLA Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center 90095-7003, USA
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Mahieu I, Benjamin A, Stephens R, Walters D, Carter N. Characterization of membrane bound carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV) located on the external surface of lung pulmonary endothelial cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1995; 23:320S. [PMID: 7672351 DOI: 10.1042/bst023320s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Mahieu
- Medical Genetics Unit, St George's Hospital Medical School, London
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Shoulders-Odom B, Benjamin A. Improving documentation with a mock trial. J Emerg Nurs 1994; 20:416-9. [PMID: 7823442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
Over a 6-month period a record was kept of all patients presenting to the accident and emergency (A&E) department with nasal injuries. The results of the nasal radiographs were analysed to gauge their benefit. It was found that there was poor correlation between the radiological findings and the presence of external deformity, the latter determining the decision to carry out treatment. Routine radiographs of the nose are unnecessary in patients with nasal trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nigam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manor Hospital, Walsall
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Abstract
This report describes the anaesthetic management of a women with a term gestation, Von Hippel Lindau disease (VHLD), and a phaeochromocytoma, scheduled for a combined phaeochromocytoma resection and Caesarean section. Von Hippel Lindau disease is characterized by diffuse haemangioblastomas of the central nervous system (CNS) and viscera. It is also associated with phaeochromocytomas and renal cell carcinomas. Patients frequently have asymptomatic spinal cord and intracranial pathology. The patient and her fetus presented a challenge because of the anaesthetic restrictions imposed by VHLD, and her pregnancy. She was also at risk of developing malignant hypertension from the phaeochromocytoma. The patient was not a candidate for regional anaesthesia because of the possibility of spinal cord haemangioblastomas. She had received adrenergic blockade with phentolamine (total 30 mg a day) and propranolol (total 40 mg a day) since the 27th wk of gestation in order to control hypertension secondary to the phaeochromocytoma. General anaesthesia was administered with aggressive management of hypertension with adrenergic blockers (labetalol 1.0 mg.kg-1 and esmolol 0.75 mg.kg-1) and sodium nitroprusside 1.5 micrograms.kg-1 (total). Before delivery of the baby, opioids, which could have resulted in a fetus with CNS depression, were avoided. After delivery, opioids (sufentanil 0.4 microgram.kg-1 x hr-1) were used to limit the use of inhalational anaesthesia which may contribute to uterine atony. Postoperative pain was managed with an intravenous narcotic infusion. Both patients had uneventful postoperative courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Joffe
- Department of Anaesthesia and Obstetrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
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Jung ED, Lao G, Irwin D, Barr BK, Benjamin A, Wilson DB. DNA sequences and expression in Streptomyces lividans of an exoglucanase gene and an endoglucanase gene from Thermomonospora fusca. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:3032-43. [PMID: 8215374 PMCID: PMC182403 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.9.3032-3043.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two genes encoding cellulases E1 and E4 from Thermomonospora fusca have been cloned in Escherichia coli, and their DNA sequences have been determined. Both genes were introduced into Streptomyces lividans, and the enzymes were purified from the culture supernatants of transformants. E1 and E4 were expressed 18- and 4-fold higher, respectively, in S. lividans than in E. coli. Thin-layer chromatography of digestion products showed that E1 digests cellotriose, cellotetraose, and cellopentaose to cellobiose and a trace of glucose. E4 is poor at degrading cellotriose and cleaves cellopentaose to cellotetraose and glucose or cellotriose and cellobiose. It readily cleaves cellotetraose to cellobiose. E1 shows 59% identity to Cellulomonas fumi CenC in a 689-amino-acid overlap, and E4 shows 80% identity to the N terminus of C. fimi CenB in a 441-amino-acid overlap; all of these proteins are members of cellulase family E. Alignment of the amino acid sequences of Clostridium thermocellum celD, E1, E4, and four other members of family E demonstrates a clear relationship between their catalytic domains, although there is as little as 25% identity between some of them. Residues in celD that have been identified by site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification to be important for catalytic activity are conserved in all seven proteins. The catalytic domains of E1 and E4 are not similar to those of T. fusca E2 or E5, but all four enzymes share similar cellulose-binding domains and have the same 14-bp inverted repeat upstream of their initiation codons. This sequence has been identified previously as the binding site for a protein that regulates induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Jung
- Section of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Eason E, Benjamin A. Preventing neonatal herpes. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:647-8. [PMID: 1640968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
A major complication of diabetes mellitus is retinopathy, which is characterized by increased neovascularization and neuronal degeneration in the retina. The biochemical processes underlying these changes are largely unknown. To better understand the role(s) of insulin or its lack and the resultant hyperglycemia in the etiology of these events, peripheral and neuronal (having 125 kDa and 115 kDa alpha subunits, respectively) insulin receptor subtype levels in the retinas of Streptozocin-induced diabetic rats were quantified. Immunoblot analysis of wheat germ agglutinin-agarose purified retinal membrane proteins revealed that retinas from diabetic rats expressed higher insulin receptor levels than retinas from control rats. This increase reflected a doubling of neuronal and a approximately 20% decrease in peripheral insulin receptor subtypes, respectively. Insulin-treated diabetic rats had neuronal receptor levels equal to control values, at the same time having a further reduced number of peripheral insulin receptors relative to controls. Affinity labeling analysis of WGA-purified retinal membrane proteins indicated a 1.5-fold increase in neuronal and a 9% decrease in peripheral receptor subtypes, corroborating the immunoblot analysis. Neuronal insulin receptors in WGA-purified cortical synaptosomal membranes also were increased in diabetic rats, with insulin treatment reducing this effect. The up-regulated receptors retained their ability to undergo insulin-dependent autophosphorylation and, as such, did not appear functionally impaired. These data suggest that the expression of neuronal insulin receptors in retina and brain and peripheral insulin receptors in the retina of diabetic rats is sensitive to levels of insulin/glucose in peripheral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zetterström
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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