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Bonfim FFDO, Mares-Guia MAMDM, Horta MA, Chame M, Lopes ADO, Santos R, Matias CAR, Pinto MA, de Filippis AMB, de Paula VS. Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3 and Human alphaherpesvirus 1 in New World Primate negative for yellow fever virus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210258. [PMID: 35416837 PMCID: PMC9005061 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpesvirus transmission between humans and non-human primate (NHP) can occur through contact scratches with lesions, infected saliva, and mainly through contaminated food. Therefore, cross-infection can lead to severe illness or even death for both the animal and human. In 2017, during the yellow fever (YF) outbreak in Brazil, species of the New World Primates (NWP) from Rio de Janeiro state, tested negative for yellow fever virus (YFV) detection. OBJECTIVES To evaluate herpesvirus in the population NWP in Rio de Janeiro. METHODS To investigate, liver samples of 283 NWP, from several regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro, were tested for the herpesvirus family using a Pan-polymerase chain reaction (Pan-PCR) and sequencing. FINDINGS 34.6% (98/283) tested positive for at least one herpesvirus; 29.3% (83/283) tested positive to Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1), this virus from humans can be lethal to New World monkey; 13% (37/283) were detected Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3 (CalHV-3), responsible for lymphoproliferative disease that can be fatal in NWP. In addition, CalHV-3 / HSV-1 co-infection was in 11.6% (33/283) of the samples. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Pan-herpesvirus was useful to identify species-specific herpesviruses and virus from human that can infect animals. Furthermore, during an outbreak of YF other infections should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Horta
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Flavivírus Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcia Chame
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Plataforma Institucional de Biodiversidade e Saúde Silvestre, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Lopes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rafael Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Rey Matias
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Alves Pinto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Flavivírus Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Honorato L, Witkin SS, Mendes-Correa MC, Conde Toscano ALC, Linhares IM, de Paula AV, Paião HGO, de Paula VS, Lopes ADO, Lima SH, Raymundi VDC, Ferreira NE, da Silva Junior AR, Abrahim KY, Braz-Silva PH, Tozetto-Mendoza TR. The Torque Teno Virus Titer in Saliva Reflects the Level of Circulating CD4 + T Lymphocytes and HIV in Individuals Undergoing Antiretroviral Maintenance Therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:809312. [PMID: 35096897 PMCID: PMC8795607 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.809312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Torque teno virus (TTV) is a non-pathogenic virus present in body fluids. Its titer in the circulation increases in association with immune suppression, such as in HIV-infected individuals. We evaluated if the TTV titer in saliva from HIV-positive individuals undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) was related to the circulating CD4+ T lymphocyte concentration and the HIV titer. Methods Saliva was collected from 276 asymptomatic individuals undergoing ART, and an additional 48 individuals positive for AIDS-associated Kaposi's Sarcoma (AIDS-KS). The salivary TTV titer was measured by gene amplification analysis. The circulating CD4+ T lymphocyte and HIV levels were obtained by chart review. Results TTV was detectable in saliva from 80% of the asymptomatic subjects and 87% of those with AIDS-KS. In the asymptomatic group the median log10 TTV titer/ml was 3.3 in 200 males vs. 2.4 in 76 females (p < 0.0001). TTV titer/ml was 3.7 when HIV was acquired by intravenous drug usage, 3.2 when by sexual acquisition and 2.4 when blood transfusion acquired. The salivary TTV titer was inversely correlated with the circulating CD4+ T lymphocyte level (p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with the circulating HIV concentration (p = 0.0005). The median salivary TTV titer and circulating HIV titer were higher, and the CD4+ count was lower, in individuals positive for AIDS-KS than in the asymptomatic subjects (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The TTV titer in saliva is a potential biomarker for monitoring immune status in individuals undergoing ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Honorato
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven S Witkin
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Iara Moreno Linhares
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heuder Gustavo Oliveira Paião
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Lima
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Cássia Raymundi
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noely Evangelista Ferreira
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Almir Ribeiro da Silva Junior
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karim Yaqub Abrahim
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira Lopes A, Spitz N, Martinelli KG, de Paula AV, de Castro Conde Toscano AL, Braz-Silva PH, Dos Santos Barbosa Netto J, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, de Paula VS. Introduction of human gammaherpesvirus 8 genotypes A, B, and C into Brazil from multiple geographic regions. Virus Res 2019; 276:197828. [PMID: 31794796 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Variations in the open reading frame (ORF) K1 gene sequence of human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has led to the identification of 6 major genotypic clades (A, B, C, D, E, and F) in specimens isolated from around the world. These clades exhibit clear clustering among individuals in different ethnic groups and from different geographic regions. The human population of Brazil varies greatly in ethnicity because of multiple immigration events from Africa, Europe, Asia, and indigenous communities. However, there is scant information about the HHV-8 genotypes currently circulating in Brazil. Here, we describe HHV-8 genotypic diversity in isolates from Brazilian HIV-infected patients living with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) by analysis of the complete ORF-K1 region. We also identified the most likely geographic origins of these different Brazilian genotypes. We extracted HHV-8 DNA (24 positive samples) from individuals with HIV/KS from the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, amplified the ORF-K1 gene using nested PCR (about 870 base pairs), performed sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, and then calculated the mean genetic distances of Brazilian sequences from sequences in other regions of the world (523 sequences analyzed). Phylogenetic analysis showed that genotypes C, A, and B were present in 45.8 %, 29.2 % and 25 % of the isolates from Brazil, respectively. These isolates grouped into separate clades, rather than a single monophyletic cluster. Mean genetic distance analyses suggested that these genotypes were introduced into the Brazil multiple times from different geographical regions. HHV-8/A isolates appear to be from Ukraine, Russia, and the Tartar ethnic group; HHV-8/B isolates appear to be from Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo; and HHV-8/C isolates appear to be from Australia, Algeria, England, and French Guiana. These results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity and origins of HHV-8 strains circulating in Brazil, and will provide a foundation for further epidemiological and evolutionary studies of HHV-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Natália Spitz
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | | | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Department of Virology, São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza de Castro Conde Toscano
- Department of Virology, São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil; Dia Hospital, Emílio Ribas Infectology Institute, São Paulo, 01246-900, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Department of Virology, São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil; General Pathology Division, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Department of Virology, São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
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Perse da Silva A, Lopes ADO, Vieira YR, de Almeida AJ, Sion FS, Grinsztejn B, Wagner S, de Paula VS. Genotypic Characterization of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Isolates in Immunocompromised Patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136825. [PMID: 26407292 PMCID: PMC4583264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases, including an increased risk of developing more severe disease in HIV-infected individuals. In Brazil, there is no information about the molecular epidemiology of HSV-1 infection, especially in HIV-infected individuals. The aim of this study was to perform the genotypic characterization of HSV-1 among HIV-infected patients. A total of 214 serum samples from HIV-positive patients without HSV infection symptoms were enrolled in one of two reference hospitals for HIV infection managing in Rio de Janeiro. The gG and gI genes were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and full nucleotide sequencing of the US8 (1601 bp), UL44 (1996 bp), and UL23 (1244 bp) regions was performed. A total of 38.3% (82/214) and 32.7% (70/214) of the serum samples tested positive for gG and gI genes, respectively. RFLP analysis classified the HSV-1 as belonging to genotype A. Phylogenetic analysis of the Brazilian samples for the US8, UL44, and UL23 regions demonstrated that the nucleotide identity between Brazilian samples was higher than 97% for all genes. No acyclovir mutation was detected in the patients. The shedding of HSV in the serum samples from HIV-positive patients who were asymptomatic for HSV infection was detected in this work. This is the first report of molecular characterization of HSV-1 in Brazilian samples since there is no previous data available in the literature concerning the genotypic classification and stable distribution of Brazilian strains of HSV-1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adilson José de Almeida
- Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Samuel Sion
- Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectology (INI), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Wagner
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectology (INI), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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