1
|
Reuben A, Richmond-Rakerd LS, Milne B, Shah D, Pearson A, Hogan S, Ireland D, Keenan R, Knodt AR, Melzer T, Poulton R, Ramrakha S, Whitman ET, Hariri AR, Moffitt TE, Caspi A. Dementia, dementia's risk factors and premorbid brain structure are concentrated in disadvantaged areas: National register and birth-cohort geographic analyses. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38482967 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dementia risk may be elevated in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Reasons for this remain unclear, and this elevation has yet to be shown at a national population level. METHODS We tested whether dementia was more prevalent in disadvantaged neighborhoods across the New Zealand population (N = 1.41 million analytic sample) over a 20-year observation. We then tested whether premorbid dementia risk factors and MRI-measured brain-structure antecedents were more prevalent among midlife residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods in a population-representative NZ-birth-cohort (N = 938 analytic sample). RESULTS People residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods were at greater risk of dementia (HR per-quintile-disadvantage-increase = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.08-1.10) and, decades before clinical endpoints typically emerge, evidenced elevated dementia-risk scores (CAIDE, LIBRA, Lancet, ANU-ADRI, DunedinARB; β's 0.31-0.39) and displayed dementia-associated brain structural deficits and cognitive difficulties/decline. DISCUSSION Disadvantaged neighborhoods have more residents with dementia, and decades before dementia is diagnosed, residents have more dementia-risk factors and brain-structure antecedents. Whether or not neighborhoods causally influence risk, they may offer scalable opportunities for primary dementia prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Reuben
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Barry Milne
- Centre for Methods and Policy Application in Society Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Devesh Shah
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amber Pearson
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sean Hogan
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Ireland
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ross Keenan
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Annchen R Knodt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tracy Melzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ethan T Whitman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- King's College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, London, UK
- PROMENTA, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- King's College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, London, UK
- PROMENTA, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang D, Rosenberg AJ, Agrawal N, Pearson A, Gooi Z, Blair EA, Hara J, Arshad M, Iftekaruddin Z, Katipally RR, Haraf DJ, Vokes EE, Juloori A. Long-Term Results of Induction Chemotherapy Followed by 50 Gy Radiation Therapy Alone for Low-Risk HPV-Positive Oropharynx Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S151-S152. [PMID: 37784384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The standard of care for non-operative management of human papillomavirus-related oropharynx cancer (HPV-OPC) consists of concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy with radiotherapy (RT) to a total dose of 70 Gy. While the oncologic outcomes of this treatment approach have been excellent, there are considerable acute and late toxicities. Here, we report the 5-year survival and toxicity outcomes of 2 prospective HPV-OPC response-adapted de-escalation trials, in which low-risk (LR) patients were treated with dose-reduced RT to 50 Gy, without concurrent chemotherapy. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients with LR HPV-OPC and ≥50% response to induction by RECIST 1.1 treated per 2 prospective phase II trials as well as on a prospective cohort registry were included for analysis. Patients were considered LR if the following criteria were met: T1-T3, N0-N2b (AJCC 7th edition), and ≤20 pack-year smoking history. Patients were treated with induction chemo- or chemoimmunotherapy followed by RT alone to 50 Gy. In the early trial iteration, patients underwent a planned neck dissection following RT to confirm pathologic clearance of lymph nodes. Clinicodemographic characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local control (LC) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS From January 2015 through March 2020, 73 patients met LR criteria, of which, 54 (74%) had ≥50% response by RECIST and were de-escalated to RT alone. The median follow-up was 58 (range 10-92) months. The median age was 58 (range 38-84) years, and 92.6% were male. 57.4% of patients never smoked, and 42.6% smoked no more than 20 pack-years. The primary site was tonsil for 53.7% and base of tongue for 46.3%. 24.1% were T1, 53.7% were T2, and 22.2% were T3. 1.9% were N0, 5.6% were N1, 11.1% were N2a, and 81.5% were N2b. The 5-year OS, PFS, and LC were 96.3% (95% CI 91.3%-100%), 96.2% (95% CI 91.2%-100%), and 98.1% (95% CI 94.6%-100%), respectively. 2 (3.7%) patients required a G-tube during RT and none at 1 year following completion of RT. Of the 30 patients with a planned neck dissection, 2 (6.7%) had residual pathologic nodal disease. CONCLUSION With a median follow-up of 5 years, this analysis demonstrates excellent long-term local control, survival, and swallowing function among patients with low-risk HPV+ oropharynx cancer treated with induction systemic therapy followed by radiotherapy to 50 Gy without concurrent chemotherapy, including a large proportion of patients with N2b disease. Chemo-selection provides a means of identifying a favorable cohort of HPV+ oropharynx cancer patients who can safely receive RT dose de-escalation. Further work is needed to identify this population by other means, including radiographic and genomic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Huang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A J Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - N Agrawal
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Pearson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Z Gooi
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E A Blair
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J Hara
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M Arshad
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Z Iftekaruddin
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - R R Katipally
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - D J Haraf
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E E Vokes
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Juloori
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rajeev-Kumar G, Hara J, Rosenberg AJ, Pearson A, Gooi Z, Blair EA, Agrawal N, Vokes EE, Haraf DJ, Juloori A. Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for Salivary Gland Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e617-e618. [PMID: 37785851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Surgical resection is the standard of care for salivary gland tumors of the head and neck. The role of radiotherapy is typically reserved for the adjuvant setting in those patients with high risk factors on surgical pathology. Surgical resection in some cases may lead to significant impairment in speech or swallowing due to location of the primary tumor. In other cases, patients may not be medically able to receive an oncologic resection. Our institution has developed a protocol for organ preservation for well-selected salivary gland malignancies. Here we report disease outcomes of salivary gland cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. MATERIALS/METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all salivary gland cancer patients at our institution who received definitive chemoradiation from January 1990 to December 2019. Chemoradiation typically consisted of 4 to 6 alternating weekly cycles of paclitaxel (100 mg/m2 on d1), infusion 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m2/d on d0-5), hydroxyurea (500 mg PO BID), and either 1.8 Gy or 2 Gy daily or 1.5 Gy twice-daily irradiation followed by a 9-day treatment break (TFHX). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate rates of locoregional control (LRC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Nineteen patients met eligibility criteria and were included for analysis. 53% of patients had adenoid cystic histology. Salivary duct, mucoepidermoid, acinic cell, and myoepithelial histologies each were represented by 10.5% of patients. About 26% of tumors were located in the nasopharynx, 21% in the base of tongue and 26% in the parotid. 74% of the patients were node negative and 53% of patients had stage IVA disease. T3 disease occurred in 26.3% while T4a and T4b disease occurred in 31.6% each. Median follow-up was 45.8 (IQR: 29-66) months. 47% of patients were treated using a twice daily approach, while 53% were treated with daily fractionation with a median dose of 72 Gy (IQR: 70-75). Three-year locoregional control (LRC), distant-metastasis free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were 93%, 76%, and 81% respectively. Eight of nine distant failures had T4a/T4b disease. Accounting for competing risk of death, local failure was 5.6% at three years. The most common acute complications were grade 2-3 mucositis (74%) and skin toxicity (47%). One patient discontinued chemoradiation due to severe hand foot mouth syndrome. 42% of patients had late toxicity of xerostomia. CONCLUSION Promising organ preservation is seen with concurrent chemoradiation for salivary gland cancer patients. Further prospective study of organ preservation in salivary gland cancers is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Rajeev-Kumar
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - J Hara
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A J Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Pearson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Z Gooi
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E A Blair
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - N Agrawal
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E E Vokes
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - D J Haraf
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Juloori
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iftekaruddin Z, Huang D, Hara J, Rosenberg AJ, Arshad M, Pearson A, Katipally RR, Gooi Z, Blair EA, Agrawal N, Vokes EE, Haraf DJ, Juloori A. Involved Site Radiotherapy in HPV Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer: Patterns of Failure Analysis Across Prospective De-Escalation Trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S68. [PMID: 37784552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers (HPV+OPC) have a favorable prognosis with ongoing efforts to reduce long term toxicity while maintaining oncologic outcomes. One method under investigation includes lowering the elective radiation dose or in some cases omitting radiation to elective lymphatic nodal stations. Furthermore, pre-clinical evidence demonstrates that elective nodal irradiation blunts the anti-tumor immune response in head and neck cancer. This is a pooled secondary analysis reporting patterns of failure in patients (pts) with HPV+OPC enrolled on consecutive induction chemo- or chemoimmunotherapy (IC) based response-adaptive de-escalation trials and treated with involved-site radiotherapy (ISRT). MATERIALS/METHODS Pts treated on two prospective phase II trials as well as on a prospective cohort registry were included for analysis. Pts with ≥ 50% response to IC based on RECIST 1.1 who received de-escalated definitive radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) with ISRT were evaluable. Pts with locally advanced low risk or high-risk HPV+OPC (LR and HR, respectively) were eligible for enrollment. Pts were considered to have HR if at least one of the following criteria was met: T4 primary, N2c-N3 disease (AJCC 7th ed.), or > 10-20 pack years smoking. In the first trial, pts with ≥ 50% response to IC received RT to gross disease plus a 1.5 cm margin (PTV1) and to the next echelon of uninvolved nodes (PTV2). Pts with LR received 50 Gy in 2 Gy daily fractions without chemotherapy; pts with HR received 30 Gy in 1.5 Gy BID fractions to PTV2 with a 15 Gy sequential boost to PTV1 with CRT. In the subsequent trial, pts with ≥ 50% response received RT to PTV1 alone to 50 Gy in 2 Gy daily fractions; concurrent CRT was included if pts had HR. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method for progression free survival (PFS), locoregional PFS (LRPFS), and overall survival (OS). Patterns of failure analysis was performed by comparing RT plans to radiographic surveillance scans. RESULTS Of 172 evaluable pts, 119 (69.2%) achieved a ≥ 50% response to IC and received definitive ISRT. 45 (37.8%) pts evaluated received RT to gross disease only plus margin without the next nodal echelon included. With a median follow up of 46 (IQR 34-65) months, 3-year PFS, LRPFS, and OS with their 95% confidence intervals were 96.2% (90.1-98.5%), 97.1% (91.1-99.0%), and 96.2% (90.3-98.6%), respectively. All locoregional failures were in-field and in the high dose region. No failures were observed in the RT omitted neck. CONCLUSION This prospective experience demonstrates feasible volume de-escalation using IC response-based selection with progressively smaller elective volumes over time. Notably, despite a marked reduction in elective treatment volume, there were no regional out-of-field failures. IC may allow for selection of pts with favorable tumor biology and microscopic disease sterilization in the regional nodes. Further efforts at elective nodal de-escalation are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Iftekaruddin
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - D Huang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J Hara
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A J Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M Arshad
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Pearson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - R R Katipally
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Z Gooi
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E A Blair
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - N Agrawal
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E E Vokes
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - D J Haraf
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Juloori
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arshad M, Hara J, Iftekaruddin Z, Katipally RR, Korpics MC, Izumchenko E, Rosenberg AJ, Pearson A, Agrawal N, Vokes EE, Haraf DJ, Juloori A. Radiomics Based Assessment of Tumor Infiltrating CD8 T-Cells Predicts Induction Systemic Therapy Response in HPV+ Oropharyngeal Cancer: Exploratory Analysis of Prospective Trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e562-e563. [PMID: 37785724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The adaptive immune system is increasingly recognized to be important for tumor control in HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer (HPV+OPC), and pre-clinical models suggest tumor specific T-cell priming occurs in draining lymph nodes. De-escalation strategies incorporating T-cell infiltration present a novel prognostic biomarker. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of a validated radiomics model of CD8 T-cell infiltration within the framework of 2 prospective HPV+OPC response-adaptive de-escalation trials. We hypothesized that nodal radiomics scores (RS) would be correlated with response to induction systemic therapy. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients enrolled on 2 prospective phase II response adapted de-escalation trials for low- and high-risk HPV+OPC were included in the analysis. Patients received induction chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in trials 1 and 2, respectively. Primary tumors and nodes were retrospectively delineated on diagnostic CT scans before and after induction therapy to ascertain volumetric tumor burden & response. RS were generated on pre-induction scans for both primary tumors and nodes. RS and tumor response were dichotomized using a 50% threshold (high vs low, responder vs non-responder, respectively). Linear regression was used to evaluate the correlation between % volume change in tumor burden and RS. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate concordance between RS and tumor response. RESULTS A total of 87 patients (N = 47 Trial 1, N = 40 Trial 2) were evaluable. The mean post-induction therapy reduction in primary and nodal volumetry was 80.7% and 67% respectively. Primary and nodal RS were not associated with primary (T1/T2 vs T3/T4) or nodal stage (N1-N2b vs N2c-N, p > 0.10 both). Both primary and nodal RS were correlated with % volume change, r = 0.24 (p = 0.034) and r = 0.37 (p = 0.002), respectively. The mean difference in % volume change in primary and node, using the RS, was 11.13% (p = 0.015) and 17. 69% (p = 0.004). There was no association between primary tumor RS and total lesion responder status (p = 0.312). However, there was an association between high vs low nodal RS and total lesion responder status (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION This is the first report of a validated radiomics score of CD8-T cell infiltration in HPV+OPC to predict response to systemic therapy. While radiomics scores in both the primary and nodes were associated with percent volume response, this association was stronger in nodes. Higher nodal radiomics scores were associated with improved volume reduction in total lesion burden. This effect however was not observed in the primary tumor. CD8-T cell infiltration in nodes, but not in the primary tumor, was associated with overall tumor response after systemic induction therapy in HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Arshad
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J Hara
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Z Iftekaruddin
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - R R Katipally
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - M C Korpics
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - E Izumchenko
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A J Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Pearson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - N Agrawal
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E E Vokes
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - D J Haraf
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Juloori
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iftekaruddin Z, Arshad M, Rosenberg A, Hara J, Pearson A, Gooi Z, Blair E, Agrawal N, Haraf D, Vokes E, Juloori A. Radiation Dose and Volume De-Escalation for High-Risk HPV Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Arshad M, Hara J, Rosenberg A, Ginat D, Pearson A, Iftekaruddin Z, Izumchenko E, Gooi Z, Blair E, Agrawal N, Vokes E, Haraf D, Juloori A. Assessment of Tumor Burden and Response by RECIST vs. Volume Change in HPV+ Oropharyngeal Cancer – An Exploratory Analysis of Prospective Trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
8
|
Reuben A, Moffitt TE, Abraham WC, Ambler A, Elliott ML, Hariri AR, Harrington H, Hogan S, Houts RM, Ireland D, Knodt AR, Leung J, Pearson A, Poulton R, Purdy SC, Ramrakha S, Rasmussen LJH, Sugden K, Thorne PR, Williams B, Wilson G, Caspi A. Improving risk indexes for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias for use in midlife. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac223. [PMID: 36213312 PMCID: PMC9535507 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of a person’s risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs) is required to triage candidates for preventive interventions, surveillance, and treatment trials. ADRD risk indexes exist for this purpose, but each includes only a subset of known risk factors. Information missing from published indexes could improve risk prediction. In the Dunedin Study of a population-representative New Zealand-based birth cohort followed to midlife (N = 938, 49.5% female), we compared associations of four leading risk indexes with midlife antecedents of ADRD against a novel benchmark index comprised of nearly all known ADRD risk factors, the Dunedin ADRD Risk Benchmark (DunedinARB). Existing indexes included the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia index (CAIDE), LIfestyle for BRAin health index (LIBRA), Australian National University Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI), and risks selected by the Lancet Commission on Dementia. The Dunedin benchmark was comprised of 48 separate indicators of risk organized into 10 conceptually distinct risk domains. Midlife antecedents of ADRD treated as outcome measures included age-45 measures of brain structural integrity [magnetic resonance imaging-assessed: (i) machine-learning-algorithm-estimated brain age, (ii) log-transformed volume of white matter hyperintensities, and (iii) mean grey matter volume of the hippocampus] and measures of brain functional integrity [(i) objective cognitive function assessed via the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, (ii) subjective problems in everyday cognitive function, and (iii) objective cognitive decline measured as residualized change in cognitive scores from childhood to midlife on matched Weschler Intelligence scales]. All indexes were quantitatively distributed and proved informative about midlife antecedents of ADRD, including algorithm-estimated brain age (β's from 0.16 to 0.22), white matter hyperintensities volume (β's from 0.16 to 0.19), hippocampal volume (β's from −0.08 to −0.11), tested cognitive deficits (β's from −0.36 to −0.49), everyday cognitive problems (β's from 0.14 to 0.38), and longitudinal cognitive decline (β's from −0.18 to −0.26). Existing indexes compared favourably to the comprehensive benchmark in their association with the brain structural integrity measures but were outperformed in their association with the functional integrity measures, particularly subjective cognitive problems and tested cognitive decline. Results indicated that existing indexes could be improved with targeted additions, particularly of measures assessing socioeconomic status, physical and sensory function, epigenetic aging, and subjective overall health. Existing premorbid ADRD risk indexes perform well in identifying linear gradients of risk among members of the general population at midlife, even when they include only a small subset of potential risk factors. They could be improved, however, with targeted additions to more holistically capture the different facets of risk for this multiply determined, age-related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Reuben
- Correspondence to: Aaron Reuben Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA E-mail:
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK,PROMENTA, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wickliffe C Abraham
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Antony Ambler
- King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Maxwell L Elliott
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Honalee Harrington
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sean Hogan
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Renate M Houts
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Ireland
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Annchen R Knodt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joan Leung
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amber Pearson
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne C Purdy
- Center for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Line J H Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Karen Sugden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter R Thorne
- Center for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Section of Audiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Williams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Graham Wilson
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand,Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK,PROMENTA, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jones W, Pearson A, Glassbrook D, Slater G, Dodd-Reynolds C, Hind K. Precision of the GE Lunar Total Body-Less Head Scan for the Measurement of Three-Compartment Body Composition in Athletes. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:692-698. [PMID: 36137876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used for the assessment of lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM) and bone mineral content (BMC). When observing standardised protocols, DXA has a high level of precision for the assessment of total body composition, including the head region. However, including the head region may have limited relevance in athletes and can be problematic when positioning taller athletes who exceed scan boundaries. This study investigated the precision of a new total-body-less-head (TBLH) DXA scan for three-compartment body composition measurement in athletes, with outcomes compared to the standard total-body DXA scan. METHODS Precision errors were calculated from two consecutive scans with re-positioning (Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI), in male and female athletes from a range of sports. TBLH precision was determined from repeat scans in 95 athletes (male n = 55; female n = 40; age: 26.0 ± 8.5 y; body mass: 81.2 ± 20.5 kg; stature: 1.77 ± 0.11 m), and standard total-body scan precision was derived from a sub-sample of 58 athletes (male n = 19; female n = 39; age: 27.6 ± 9.9 y; body mass: 69.6 ± 14.8 kg; stature: 1.72 ± 0.94 m). Data from the sub-sample were also used to compare precision error and 3-compartment body composition outcomes between the standard total-body scan and the TBLH scan. RESULTS TBLH precision errors [root mean squared-standard deviation, RMS-SD (coefficient of variation, %CV)] were bone mineral content (BMC): 15.6 g (0.5%), lean mass (LM): 254.3 g (0.4%) and fat mass (FM): 199.4 g (1.3%). These outcomes compared favourably to the precision errors derived from the standard total-body scan [BMC: 12.4 g (0.4%), LM: 202.2 g (0.4%), and FM: 160.8 g (1.1%)]. The TBLH scan resulted in lower BMC (-19.5%), LM (-6.6%), and FM (-4.5%) compared to the total-body scan (BMC: 2,308 vs. 2,865 g; LM: 46,954 vs. 50,276 g; FM: 15,183 vs. 15,888 g, all p<0.005). ConclusionThe TBLH scan demonstrates high in-vivo precision comparable to that of the standard total-body scan in a heterogeneous cohort of athletes. Given the impact of head exclusion on total body composition outcomes, TBLH scans should not be used interchangeably with the standard total-body scan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Jones
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, United Kingdom; Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, United Kingdom
| | - A Pearson
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, United Kingdom; Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, United Kingdom
| | - D Glassbrook
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, United Kingdom; Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, United Kingdom
| | - G Slater
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Dodd-Reynolds
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, United Kingdom; Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, United Kingdom
| | - K Hind
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, United Kingdom; Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Orr C, Fisher H, Elliott I, Yu X, Glennie M, White A, Pearson A, Essex J, Cragg M, Tews I. Conformational regulation in anti-CD40 antibodies. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322096358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
|
11
|
Sung S, Von Stetten D, Mehrabi P, Schulz E, Sterner R, Kneuttinger A, Schneider T, Pearson A, Wilmanns M. Visualizing bi-enzyme complex dynamics by time-resolved crystallography. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322096243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
|
12
|
Gage R, Chambers T, Smith M, McKerchar C, Puloka V, Pearson A, Kawachi I, Signal L. Children's perspectives on the wicked problem of child poverty in Aotearoa New Zealand: a wearable camera study. N Z Med J 2022; 135:95-111. [PMID: 35999785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Child poverty is a wicked problem and a key determinant of health, but research on child poverty has relied largely on self-report methods and reports from parents or caregivers. In this study we aimed to assess aspects of child poverty using data collected by children using wearable cameras. METHOD The Kids'Cam Project recruited 168 randomly selected children aged 11-13 from 16 randomly selected schools in the Wellington Region of Aotearoa New Zealand. Each child wore a wearable camera for four consecutive days, recording an image every seven seconds. We used negative binomial regression models to compare measures of household resources, harms, behaviours and built environment characteristics between children living in low socio-economic deprivation households (n=52) and children living in high socio-economic deprivation households (n=26). RESULTS Compared with children living in conditions of low socio-economic deprivation, children living in conditions of high socio-economic deprivation captured significantly fewer types of fruit (RR=0.46), vegetables (RR=0.25), educational materials (RR = 0.49) and physical activity equipment (RR = 0.66) on camera. However, they lived in homes with more structural deficiencies (RR=4.50) and mould (no mould was observed in low socio-economic deprivation households). They were also less likely to live in households with fixed heating (RR=0.27) and home computers (RR=0.45), and more likely to consume non-core food outside home (RR=1.94). CONCLUSIONS The children in this study show that children in poverty face disadvantages across many aspects of their lives. Comprehensive policies are urgently needed to address the complex problem of child poverty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gage
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington
| | - Tim Chambers
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington
| | - Moira Smith
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington
| | | | - Viliami Puloka
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington
| | - Amber Pearson
- Department of Geography, Environment and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University
| | | | - Louise Signal
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Whitehead J, Pearson A, Lawrenson R, Atatoa-Carr P. 179Selecting health need indicators for spatial equity analysis of primary health care in New Zealand. Int J Epidemiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab168.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Populations with high needs often have poor health care access. Defining need is challenging, with no agreed-upon indicator of health need for primary care based spatial equity research in New Zealand. We examined seven potential indicators and tested for evidence of the Inverse Care Law in the Waikato region.
Methods
Indicators were identified through a systematic literature review and scored according to ten selection criteria. Indicators were mapped and analysed using GIS. Spearman’s correlations were calculated between indicators, and clusters of high need identified through spatial autocorrelation. The impact of incorporating indicator-based-weightings into an accessibility model was tested using ANOVA and Spearman’s correlations. GP service spatial equity was assessed by comparing clusters of access and need, and quantified through the Gini coefficient.
Results
While smoking rates met the most selection criteria, ambulatory sensitive hospitalisation (ASH) rates were significantly correlated with all indicators. Health needs were significantly clustered, but incorporating indicator weightings into the spatial accessibility analysis did not impact accessibility scores. A misalignment of access and need, and Gini coefficient of 0.281 suggests that services are not equitably distributed.
Conclusions
ASH rates seem a robust indicator of health need. However, data access issues may restrict their use. High need clusters vary spatially according to the indicator used.
Key messages
GIS techniques can identify ‘hot-spots’ of need, but these can be masked in accessibility models. Indicators should be carefully selected according to the research question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Whitehead
- National Institute of Demographic Analysis, University Of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Amber Pearson
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
| | - Ross Lawrenson
- National Institute of Demographic Analysis, University Of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Polly Atatoa-Carr
- National Institute of Demographic Analysis, University Of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Freeman N, Gage R, Chambers T, Blaschke P, Cook H, Stanley J, Pearson A, Smith M, Barr M, Signal L. Where do the children play? An objective analysis of children's use of green space. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:846-853. [PMID: 33118007 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Green space is important for health, yet, objective research on children's use of green space is sparse. This study aimed to objectively assess children's use of green space in both public and private settings during their summer leisure time, using wearable cameras. Images from cameras worn by 74 children were analysed for green space use over 4 days. Children spent an average of ∼1/10 h of leisure time in green space in the summer months, were physically active 68%, and with others 85%, of the time. Green spaces are important places for children's health because they are places they frequent and places where they are physically active and socialize. Wearable cameras provide an effective method for objective assessment of green space use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Freeman
- University of Otago, Wellington, 23A Mein street, Newtown, Wellington 6042, New Zealand
| | - Ryan Gage
- University of Otago, Wellington, 23A Mein street, Newtown, Wellington 6042, New Zealand
| | - Tim Chambers
- University of Otago, Wellington, 23A Mein street, Newtown, Wellington 6042, New Zealand
| | - Paul Blaschke
- University of Otago, Wellington, 23A Mein street, Newtown, Wellington 6042, New Zealand
| | - Hera Cook
- University of Otago, Wellington, 23A Mein street, Newtown, Wellington 6042, New Zealand
| | - James Stanley
- University of Otago, Wellington, 23A Mein street, Newtown, Wellington 6042, New Zealand
| | - Amber Pearson
- University of Otago, Wellington, 23A Mein street, Newtown, Wellington 6042, New Zealand.,Department of Geography, Environment & Spatial Sciences, Geography Building, 67 Auditorium Road, Room 116, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Moira Smith
- University of Otago, Wellington, 23A Mein street, Newtown, Wellington 6042, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Barr
- University of Otago, Wellington, 23A Mein street, Newtown, Wellington 6042, New Zealand
| | - Louise Signal
- University of Otago, Wellington, 23A Mein street, Newtown, Wellington 6042, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Serra Elizalde V, Llop-Guevara A, Pearson A, Cruz C, Castroviejo-Bermejo M, Chopra N, Tovey H, Toms C, Kriplani D, Gevensleben H, Roylance R, Chan S, Tutt A, Skene A, Evans A, Davies H, Bliss J, Nik-Zainal S, Balmaña J, Turner N. 1O Detection of homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD) in treatment-naive early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by RAD51 foci and comparison with DNA-based tests. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
16
|
Fayette J, Bauman J, Salas S, Colevas D, Even C, Cupissol D, Posner M, Lefebvre G, Saada-Bouzid E, Bernadach M, Seiwert T, Pearson A, Messouak S, Cornen S, Andre P, Rotolo F, Boyer-Chammard A, Cohen R. 81P Monalizumab in combination with cetuximab post platinum and anti-PD-(L)1 in patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN): Updated results from a phase II trial. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
17
|
Hara J, Biton D, Onderdonk B, Gutiontov S, Haraf D, Agrawal N, Vokes E, Gooi Z, Hasina R, Pearson A, Segal J, Pitroda S, Juloori A. Feasibility Of Next-Generation Genomic Sequencing To Identify Prognostic Biomarkers Of Chemoradiation Response For Salivary Gland Malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Shen C, Frakes J, Weiss J, Caudell J, Hackman T, Akulian J, El-Haddad G, Dixon R, Hu Y, Pearson A, Barsoumian H, Cortez M, Jameson K, Said P, Welsh J, Seiwert T. NBTXR3 Radiation Enhancing Hafnium Oxide Nanoparticles Activated By Radiotherapy In Combination With Anti-PD-1 Therapy: A Phase I Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
19
|
Akin FW, Murnane OD, Pearson A, Byrd S, Kelly JK. Normative Data for the Subjective Visual Vertical Test during Centrifugation. J Am Acad Audiol 2020; 22:460-8. [DOI: 10.3766/jaaa.22.7.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The otoliths act as gravito-inertial force sensors and contribute to the perception of spatial orientation. The perception of gravitational vertical can be assessed by asking a subject to adjust a light bar to the vertical. Prior to clinical use of the SVV (subjective visual vertical) test, normative data and test-retest reliability must be established.
Purpose: To obtain normative data and d etermine the test-retest reliability for the SVV test performed in static and dynamic test conditions.
Research Design: A descriptive design was used to obtain normative data.
Study Sample: Twenty-four young adults with no history of neurological disease, middle-ear pathology, open or closed head injury, cervical injury, or audiovestibular disorder participated in the study.
Data Collection and Analysis: The SVV angle was measured in the static position and in three dynamic conditions: (1) on-axis clockwise (CW) rotation, (2) off-axis CW rotation of right ear, and (3) off-axis CW rotation of left ear.
Results: In young healthy individuals, the SVV was <2° for static and on-axis rotation, and shifted up to 11° during unilateral centrifugation. Test-retest reliability of the SVV was good for all test conditions.
Conclusions: The normative data obtained in this study may be useful in identifying patients with chronic utricular dysfunction. We recommend the use of difference angles (on-axis SVV – off-axis SVV) to remove baseline bias and decrease the variability of the SVV angles for the off-axis conditions.
Collapse
|
20
|
Murnane O, Mabrey H, Pearson A, Byrd S, Akin F. Normative Data and Test-Retest Reliability of the SYNAPSYS Video Head Impulse Test. J Am Acad Audiol 2020; 25:244-52. [DOI: 10.3766/jaaa.25.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The observation or measurement of eye movement can aid in the detection and localization of vestibular pathology due to the relationship between the function of the vestibular sensory receptors in the inner ear and the eye movements produced by the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The majority of bedside and laboratory tests of vestibular function involve the observation or measurement of horizontal eye movements (i.e., horizontal VOR) produced by stimuli that activate the horizontal semicircular canals (SCCs) and the superior vestibular nerve. The video head impulse test (vHIT) is a new clinical test of dynamic SCC function that uses a high-speed digital video camera to record head and eye movement during and immediately after passive head rotations. The SYNAPSYS Inc. vHIT device measures the “canal deficit” (deviation in gaze) during passive head impulses in the horizontal and diagonal (vertical) planes. There is, however, a paucity of data that has been reported using this device.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain normative data and assess the test-retest reliability of the SYNAPSYS vHIT (version 2.0).
Research Design: A prospective repeated measures design was utilized.
Study Sample: Thirty young adults with normal hearing, normal caloric test results, and a negative history of vestibular disorder, neurological disease, open or closed head injury, or cervical spine injury participated in the study.
Data Collection and Analysis: A single examiner manually rotated each participant’s head in the horizontal and diagonal planes in two directions (left and right in the horizontal plane; downward and upward in each diagonal plane) resulting in the stimulation of each of the six SCCs. Each participant returned for repeat testing to assess test-retest reliability. The effects of ear, session, and semicircular canal (horizontal, anterior, posterior) on the magnitude of canal deficit during the vHIT were assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results: The mean canal deficit of the horizontal canals (8.3%) was significantly lower than the mean canal deficit of the anterior canals (16.5%) and the posterior canals (15.2%); there was no significant difference between the mean canal deficits of the anterior and posterior canals. The main effects of session and ear on canal deficit were not significant, and there were no significant interaction effects. There was no significant difference between the mean canal deficit for session 1 and session 2 for the horizontal, anterior, and posterior canals. The 95th percentiles for canal deficit were 19, 26, and 22% for the horizontal, anterior, and posterior SCCs, respectively.
Conclusions: Testing of all six SCCs was completed in most participants in ˜10 min and was well-tolerated. The vHIT has some important advantages relative to more established laboratory tests of horizontal SCC function including the ability to assess the vertical SCCs, lower cost, shorter test time, greater portability, minimal space requirements, and increased patient comfort. Additional data, however, should be obtained from older participants with normal vestibular function and from patients with vestibular disorders. Within-subject comparisons between the results of the vHIT and the caloric and rotary chair tests will be important in determining the role of the vHIT in the vestibular test battery.
Collapse
|
21
|
Dolezal J, Kather J, Kochanny S, Schulte J, Patel A, Munyampirwa B, Morin S, Srisuwananukorn A, Cipriani N, Basu D, Pearson A. Deep learning detects actionable molecular and clinical features directly from head/neck squamous cell carcinoma histopathology slides. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
22
|
Rosenberg A, Agrawal N, Pearson A, Seiwert T, Gooi Z, Blair E, Spiotto M, Jones M, Haraf D, Vokes E. Low risk HPV associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with induction chemoimmunotherapy followed by TORS or radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
23
|
Dodds A, Bailey P, Pearson A, Yates L. Psychological Factors in Acquired Visual Impairment: The Development of a Scale of Adjustment. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x9108500711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of psychological variables bearing on the process of adjustment to acquired visual loss are examined conceptually and empirically in an attempt to clarify their relationships and to develop a testable model of adjustment which might enable rehabilitation specialists to identify clients with special problems, evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs, and determine the role of psychological factors in the context of skill acquisition. The model presented offers an alternative to existing psychodynamic models in that it is in principle a testable one. Preliminary analysis of data has resulted in the devising of a questionnaire tentatively called the Nottingham Adjustment Scale, which practitioners and researchers are encouraged to use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.G. Dodds
- Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England NG7 2RD
| | - P. Bailey
- Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England NG7 2RD
| | - A. Pearson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England NG7 2RD
| | - L. Yates
- Royal National Institute for the Blind Employment Rehabilitation Centre, Torquay, England, TQ1 2NG
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Brewis A, Workman C, Wutich A, Jepson W, Young S, Ahmed JF, Alexander M, Balogun M, Boivin M, Carrillo G, Chapman K, Cole S, Collins S, Figueroa L, Freeman M, Gershim A, Ghattas H, Hagaman A, Jamaluddine Z, Jepson W, Tshala‐Katumbay D, Krishnakumar D, Maes K, Mathad J, Maupin J, Mbullo P, Miller J, Muslin IM, Niesluchowski M, Omidvar N, Pearson A, Melgar‐Quiñonez H, Sanchez‐Rodríguez C, Rosinger A, Santoso MV, Schuster R, Srivastava S, Staddon C, Stoler J, Sullivan A, Tesfaye Y, Triviño N, Trowell A, Tutu R, Escobar‐Vargar J, Zinab H. Household water insecurity is strongly associated with food insecurity: Evidence from 27 sites in low- and middle-income countries. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23309. [PMID: 31444940 PMCID: PMC9942689 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Food and water insecurity have both been demonstrated as acute and chronic stressors and undermine human health and development. A basic untested proposition is that they chronically coexist, and that household water insecurity is a fundamental driver of household food insecurity. METHODS We provide a preliminary assessment of their association using cross-sectional data from 27 sites with highly diverse forms of water insecurity in 21 low- and middle-income countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas (N = 6691 households). Household food insecurity and its subdomains (food quantity, food quality, and anxiety around food) were estimated using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale; water insecurity and subdomains (quantity, quality, and opportunity costs) were estimated based on similar self-reported data. RESULTS In multilevel generalized linear mixed-effect modeling (GLMM), composite water insecurity scores were associated with higher scores for all subdomains of food insecurity. Rural households were better buffered against water insecurity effects on food quantity and urban ones for food quality. Similarly, higher scores for all subdomains of water insecurity were associated with greater household food insecurity. CONCLUSIONS Considering the diversity of sites included in the modeling, the patterning supports a basic theory: household water insecurity chronically coexists with household food insecurity. Water insecurity is a more plausible driver of food insecurity than the converse. These findings directly challenge development practices in which household food security interventions are often enacted discretely from water security ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra Workman
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Sera Young
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shen C, Jameson K, Weiss J, Hackman T, Corum D, Akulian J, Dixon R, Pearson A, Frakes J, Said P, Miraoui H, Baskin-Bey E, Seiwert T. 126TiP a Phase I Study of NBTXR3 Activated by Radiotherapy for Patients with Advanced Cancers Treated with an Anti-PD-1 Therapy. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz451.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
26
|
Weinberg A, Hudson JH, Pearson A, Chowdhury SB. Organizational uptake of NICE guidance in promoting employees' psychological health. Occup Med (Lond) 2019; 69:47-53. [PMID: 30403815 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqy148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Annual costs to organizations of poor mental health are estimated to be between £33 billion and £42 billion. The UK's National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) has produced evidence-based guidance on improving employees' psychological health, designed to encourage organizations to take preventative steps in tackling this high toll. However, the extent of implementation is not known outside the National Health Service. Aims To assess the awareness and implementation of NICE guidance on workplace psychological health. Methods A total of 163 organizations participated in a survey of UK-based private, public and third sector organizations employing an accumulated minimum of 322 033 workers. Results Seventy-seven per cent of organizations were aware of the NICE guidance for improving mental well-being in the workplace, but only 37% were familiar with its recommendations. Less than half were aware of systems in place for monitoring employees' mental well-being and only 12% confirmed that this NICE guidance had been implemented in their workplace. Where employee health and well-being featured as a regular board agenda item, awareness and implementation of NICE guidance were more likely. Significant associations were found between organizational sector and size and uptake of many specific features of NICE guidance. Conclusions The majority of organizations are aware of NICE guidance in general, but there is a wide gap between this and possession of detailed knowledge and implementation. The role of sector and size of organization is relevant to uptake of some features of NICE guidance, although organizational leadership is important where raised awareness and implementation are concerned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - J H Hudson
- Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Brewis A, Rosinger A, Wutich A, Adams E, Cronk L, Pearson A, Workman C, Young S. Water sharing, reciprocity, and need: A comparative study of interhousehold water transfers in sub-Saharan Africa. Economic Anthropology 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sea2.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Brewis
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Asher Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health and Department of Anthropology; Penn State University, University Park; PA 16802 USA
| | - Amber Wutich
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Ellis Adams
- Global Studies Institute and Department of Geosciences; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Lee Cronk
- Department of Anthropology; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
| | - Amber Pearson
- Department of Geography, Environment and Spatial Sciences; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Cassandra Workman
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Sera Young
- Department of Anthropology; Northwestern University, Evanston; IL 60208 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wutich A, Budds J, Jepson W, Harris L, Adams E, Brewis A, Cronk L, DeMyers C, Maes K, Marley T, Miller J, Pearson A, Rosinger A, Schuster R, Stoler J, Staddon C, Wiessner P, Workman C, Young S. Household water sharing: A review of water gifts, exchanges, and transfers across cultures. WIREs Water 2018; 5:e1309. [PMID: 30858971 PMCID: PMC6407694 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Water sharing offers insight into the everyday and, at times, invisible ties that bind people and households with water and to one another. Water sharing can take many forms, including so-called "pure gifts," balanced exchanges, and negative reciprocity. In this paper, we examine water sharing between households as a culturally-embedded practice that may be both need-based and symbolically meaningful. Drawing on a wide-ranging review of diverse literatures, we describe how households practice water sharing cross-culturally in the context of four livelihood strategies (hunter-gatherer, pastoralist, agricultural, and urban). We then explore how cross-cutting material conditions (risks and costs/benefits, infrastructure and technologies), socio-economic processes (social and political power, water entitlements, ethnicity and gender, territorial sovereignty), and cultural norms (moral economies of water, water ontologies, and religious beliefs) shape water sharing practices. Finally, we identify five new directions for future research on water sharing: conceptualization of water sharing; exploitation and status accumulation through water sharing, biocultural approaches to the health risks and benefits of water sharing, cultural meanings and socio-economic values of waters shared; and water sharing as a way to enact resistance and build alternative economies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ellis Adams
- PO Box 872402 Tempe 85287-2402, United States
| | | | - Lee Cronk
- PO Box 872402 Tempe 85287-2402, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sera Young
- PO Box 872402 Tempe 85287-2402, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hui R, Pearson A, Cortes Castan J, Campbell C, Poirot C, Azim H, Fumagalli D, Lambertini M, Daly F, Arahmani A, Perez-Garcia J, Aftimos P, Bedard P, Xuereb L, Loibl S, Loi S, Pierrat MJ, Turner N, André F, Curigliano G. Lucitanib for the treatment of HR+ HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients (pts): Results from the multicohort phase II FINESSE trial. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy272.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
30
|
Narbutt J, Philipsen PA, Lesiak A, Sandberg Liljendahl T, Segerbäck D, Heydenreich J, Chlebna-Sokol D, Olsen P, Harrison GI, Pearson A, Baczynska K, Rogowski-Tylman M, Wulf HC, Young AR. Children sustain high levels of skin DNA photodamage, with a modest increase of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , after a summer holiday in Northern Europe. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:940-950. [PMID: 29691848 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure increases the risk of skin cancer in adulthood, which is associated with mutations caused by UVR-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Solar UVR is also the main source of vitamin D, essential for healthy bone development in children. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of a 12-day Baltic Sea (54° N) beach holiday on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3 ] and CPD in 32 healthy Polish children (skin types I-IV). METHODS Blood and urine were collected before and after the holiday and assessed for 25(OH)D3 and excreted CPD, respectively, and personal UVR exposure was measured. Diaries were used to record sunbathing, sunburn and sunscreen use. Before- and after-holiday skin redness and pigmentation were measured by reflectance spectroscopy. RESULTS The average ± SD daily exposure UVR dose was 2·4 ± 1·5 standard erythema doses (SEDs), which is borderline erythemal. The mean concentration of 25(OH)D3 increased (× 1·24 ± 0·19) from 64·7 ± 13·3 to 79·3 ± 18·7 nmol L-1 (P < 0·001). Mean CPD increased 12·6 ± 10·0-fold from 26·9 ± 17·9 to 248·9 ± 113·4 fmol μmol-1 creatinine (P < 0·001). Increased 25(OH)D3 was accompanied by a very much greater increase in DNA damage associated with carcinogenic potential. Overall, skin type had no significant effects on behavioural, clinical or analytical outcomes, but skin types I/II had more CPD (unadjusted P = 0·0496) than skin types III/IV at the end of the holiday. CONCLUSIONS Careful consideration must be given to the health outcomes of childhood solar exposure, and a much better understanding of the risk-benefit relationships of such exposure is required. Rigorous photoprotection is necessary for children, even in Northern Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Narbutt
- Department of Dermatology, Paediatric Dermatology and Dermatological Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-419, Łódź, Poland
| | - P A Philipsen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Dermatology D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - A Lesiak
- Department of Dermatology, Paediatric Dermatology and Dermatological Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-419, Łódź, Poland
| | - T Sandberg Liljendahl
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, S-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - D Segerbäck
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, S-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - J Heydenreich
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Dermatology D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - D Chlebna-Sokol
- Department of Paediatric Propedeutics and Bone Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Łódź, 90-419, Łódź, Poland
| | - P Olsen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Dermatology D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - G I Harrison
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - A Pearson
- Public Health England, Laser and Optical Radiation Dosimetry Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 ORQ, U.K
| | - K Baczynska
- Public Health England, Laser and Optical Radiation Dosimetry Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 ORQ, U.K
| | | | - H C Wulf
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Dermatology D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - A R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wutich A, Budds J, Eichelberger L, Geere J, Harris L, Horney J, Jepson W, Norman E, O'Reilly K, Pearson A, Shah S, Shinn J, Simpson K, Staddon C, Stoler J, Teodoro MP, Young S. Advancing methods for research on household water insecurity: Studying entitlements and capabilities, socio-cultural dynamics, and political processes, institutions and governance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 29532811 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasec.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Household water insecurity has serious implications for the health, livelihoods and wellbeing of people around the world. Existing methods to assess the state of household water insecurity focus largely on water quality, quantity or adequacy, source or reliability, and affordability. These methods have significant advantages in terms of their simplicity and comparability, but are widely recognized to oversimplify and underestimate the global burden of household water insecurity. In contrast, a broader definition of household water insecurity should include entitlements and human capabilities, sociocultural dynamics, and political institutions and processes. This paper proposes a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods that can be widely adopted across cultural, geographic, and demographic contexts to assess hard-to-measure dimensions of household water insecurity. In doing so, it critically evaluates existing methods for assessing household water insecurity and suggests ways in which methodological innovations advance a broader definition of household water insecurity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Wutich
- School of Human Evolution & Social Change and Center for Global Health, Arizona State University
| | - Jessica Budds
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia
| | | | - Jo Geere
- School of Allied Health Professions, University of East Anglia
| | - Leila Harris
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia
| | - Jennifer Horney
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University
| | | | - Emma Norman
- Native Environmental Science Program, Northwest Indian College
| | | | - Amber Pearson
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University
| | - Sameer Shah
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia
| | - Jamie Shinn
- Department of Geology & Geography, West Virginia University
| | - Karen Simpson
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of West England Bristol
| | - Chad Staddon
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of West England Bristol
| | - Justin Stoler
- Department of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Miami
| | | | - Sera Young
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pearson A, Tournier C. The ERK5 signaling pathway regulates transcription in cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx511.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
33
|
|
34
|
Tang T, Mohr W, Sattin SR, Rogers DR, Girguis PR, Pearson A. Geochemically distinct carbon isotope distributions in Allochromatium vinosum DSM 180 T grown photoautotrophically and photoheterotrophically. Geobiology 2017; 15:324-339. [PMID: 28042698 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anoxygenic, photosynthetic bacteria are common at redox boundaries. They are of interest in microbial ecology and geosciences through their role in linking the carbon, sulfur, and iron cycles, yet much remains unknown about how their flexible carbon metabolism-permitting either autotrophic or heterotrophic growth-is recorded in the bulk sedimentary and lipid biomarker records. Here, we investigated patterns of carbon isotope fractionation in a model photosynthetic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, Allochromatium vinosum DSM180T . In one treatment, A. vinosum was grown with CO2 as the sole carbon source, while in a second treatment, it was grown on acetate. Different intracellular isotope patterns were observed for fatty acids, phytol, individual amino acids, intact proteins, and total RNA between the two experiments. Photoautotrophic CO2 fixation yielded typical isotopic ordering for the lipid biomarkers: δ13 C values of phytol > n-alkyl lipids. In contrast, growth on acetate greatly suppressed intracellular isotopic heterogeneity across all molecular classes, except for a marked 13 C-depletion in phytol. This caused isotopic "inversion" in the lipids (δ13 C values of phytol < n-alkyl lipids). The finding suggests that inverse δ13 C patterns of n-alkanes and pristane/phytane in the geologic record may be at least in part a signal for photoheterotrophy. In both experimental scenarios, the relative isotope distributions could be predicted from an isotope flux-balance model, demonstrating that microbial carbon metabolisms can be interrogated by combining compound-specific stable isotope analysis with metabolic modeling. Isotopic differences among molecular classes may be a means of fingerprinting microbial carbon metabolism, both in the modern environment and the geologic record.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Tang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - W Mohr
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - S R Sattin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D R Rogers
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stonehill College, Easton, MA, USA
| | - P R Girguis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Pearson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Asghar U, Barr A, Cuts R, Beaney M, Babina I, Sampath D, Lacap J, Crocker L, Young A, Nerukar A, Pearson A, Herrera-Abreu M, Bakal C, Turner N. Abstract P5-04-01: Cell cycle dynamics at single cell level dictates response to CDK4/6 inhibition. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p5-04-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Asghar
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - A Barr
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - R Cuts
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - M Beaney
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - I Babina
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - D Sampath
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - J Lacap
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - L Crocker
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - A Young
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - A Nerukar
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - A Pearson
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - M Herrera-Abreu
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - C Bakal
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| | - N Turner
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Genentech (Roche), San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Babina I, Cutts R, Ning J, McKnight E, Pearson A, Swain A, Turner N. Molecular determinants of sensitivity and resistance to FGFR inhibition in FGFR2-amplified gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
38
|
Wong VNL, McNaughton C, Pearson A. Changes in soil organic carbon fractions after remediation of a coastal floodplain soil. J Environ Manage 2016; 168:280-287. [PMID: 26788665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coastal floodplain soils and wetland sediments can store large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC). These environments are also commonly underlain by sulfidic sediments which can oxidise to form coastal acid sulfate soils (CASS) and contain high concentrations of acidity and trace metals. CASS are found on every continent globally except Antarctica. When sulfidic sediments are oxidised, scalds can form, which are large bare patches without vegetation. However, SOC stocks and fractions have not been quantified in these coastal floodplain environments. We studied the changes in soil geochemistry and SOC stocks and fractions three years after remediation of a CASS scald. Remediation treatments included raising water levels, and addition of either lime (LO) or lime and mulch (LM) relative to a control (C) site. We found SOC concentrations in the remediated sites (LO and LM) were more than double than that found at site C, reflected in the higher SOC stocks to a depth of 1.6 m (426 Mg C/ha, 478 Mg C/ha and 473 Mg C/ha at sites C, LO and LM, respectively). The particulate organic C (POC) fraction was higher at sites LO and LM due to increased vegetation and biomass inputs, compared to site C. Reformation of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) occurred throughout the profile at site LM, whereas only limited AVS reformation occurred at sites LO and C. Higher AVS at site LM may be linked to the additional source of organic matter provided by the mulch. POC can also potentially contribute to decreasing acidity as a labile SOC source for Fe(3+) and SO4(2-) reduction. Therefore, coastal floodplains and wetlands are a large store of SOC and can potentially increase SOC following remediation due to i) reduced decomposition rates with higher water levels and waterlogging, and ii) high C inputs due to rapid revegetation of scalded areas and high rates of biomass production. These results highlight the importance of maintaining vegetation cover in coastal floodplains and wetlands for sequestering SOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V N L Wong
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - C McNaughton
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - A Pearson
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Smyth E, Turner N, Pearson A, Peckitt C, Chau I, Watkins D, Kilgour E, Smith N, Gillbanks A, Chua S, Brown G, Cutts R, Rooney C, Tarazona Llavero N, Thomas A, Popat S, Cunningham D. 145O Phase II study of AZD4547 in FGFR amplified tumours: gastroesophageal cancer (GC) cohort clinical and translational results. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv523.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
40
|
Forbes-Penfold D, Pearson A, Hughes A, Koeglmeier J, Hill S, Evans V. Reducing Central Venous Lines [CVL] infections within the Home Parental Nutrition [HPN] patient group by using Parafilm ®. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 10:e209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Herrera-Abreu M, Asghar U, Elliot R, Pearson A, Nannini M, Young A, Sampath D, Dowsett M, Martin L, Turner N. PI3 kinase/mTOR inhibition increases sensitivity of ER positive breast cancers to CDK4/6 inhibition by blocking cell cycle re-entry driven by cyclinD1 and inducing apoptosis. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv120.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
42
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND An audit of working age patients' records in two Cornish general practices in 2012 found infrequent and inconsistent recording of patients' occupations. A concurrent survey of general practitioners (GPs) in Cornwall found that a majority of them believed it was important to do so. AIMS To review occupation recording in the same practices a year later and to audit a third practice, following the introduction of the electronic fit note. To repeat the survey of attitudes to recording occupation in GPs in Cornwall. METHODS We manually checked 300 randomly selected patient records in Practice A and electronically searched all records of working age patients (aged 16-65 years) in Practices B and C for recorded occupation. We sent an electronic survey of attitudes to recording occupation to 202 GPs in Cornwall. RESULTS Recording of occupation increased from 17 to 30% of records (χ(2) = 15, P < 0.001) in Practice A and from 12 to 14% (χ(2) = 16.5, P < 0.001) in Practice B. In Practice C, 1% of records had occupation recorded and coded. The proportion of GPs in Cornwall who said that it is important to records patients' occupation increased from 70 to 90% (Fisher's exact statistic 0.01, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Recording of patients' occupation increased in both practices from 2012 to 2013, but remains infrequent and inconsistent and the very low levels in a third practice not previously audited is of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Thorley
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK,
| | - R Haigh
- Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8BU, UK
| | - A Pearson
- Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8BU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bovee RJ, Pearson A. Strong influence of the littoral zone on sedimentary lipid biomarkers in a meromictic lake. Geobiology 2014; 12:529-541. [PMID: 25201322 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Planktonic sulfur bacteria growing in zones of photic zone euxinia (PZE) are important primary producers in stratified, sulfur-rich environments. The potential for export and burial of microbial biomass from anoxic photic zones remains relatively understudied, despite being of fundamental importance to interpreting the geologic record of bulk total organic carbon (TOC) and individual lipid biomarkers. Here we report the relative concentrations and carbon isotope ratios of lipid biomarkers from the water column and sediments of meromictic Mahoney Lake. The data show that organic matter in the central basin sediments is indistinguishable from material at the lake shoreline in both its lipid and carbon isotopic compositions. However, this material is not consistent with either the lipid profile or carbon isotope composition of biomass obtained directly from the region of PZE. Due to the strong density stratification and the intensive carbon and sulfur recycling pathways in the water column, there appears to be minimal direct export of the sulfur-oxidizing planktonic community to depth. The results instead suggest that basinal sediments are sourced via the littoral environment, a system that integrates an indigenous shoreline microbial community, the degraded remains of laterally rafted biomass from the PZE community, and detrital remains of terrigenous higher plants. Material from the lake margins appears to travel downslope, traverse the strong density gradient, and become deposited in the deep basin; its final composition may be largely heterotrophic in origin. This suggests an important role for clastic and/or authigenic minerals in aiding the burial of terrigenous and mat-derived organic matter in euxinic systems. Downslope or mineral-aided transport of anoxygenic, photoautotrophic microbial mats may have been a significant sedimentation process in early Earth history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Bovee
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hamilton TL, Bovee RJ, Thiel V, Sattin SR, Mohr W, Schaperdoth I, Vogl K, Gilhooly WP, Lyons TW, Tomsho LP, Schuster SC, Overmann J, Bryant DA, Pearson A, Macalady JL. Coupled reductive and oxidative sulfur cycling in the phototrophic plate of a meromictic lake. Geobiology 2014; 12:451-68. [PMID: 24976102 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mahoney Lake represents an extreme meromictic model system and is a valuable site for examining the organisms and processes that sustain photic zone euxinia (PZE). A single population of purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) living in a dense phototrophic plate in the chemocline is responsible for most of the primary production in Mahoney Lake. Here, we present metagenomic data from this phototrophic plate--including the genome of the major PSB, as obtained from both a highly enriched culture and from the metagenomic data--as well as evidence for multiple other taxa that contribute to the oxidative sulfur cycle and to sulfate reduction. The planktonic PSB is a member of the Chromatiaceae, here renamed Thiohalocapsa sp. strain ML1. It produces the carotenoid okenone, yet its closest relatives are benthic PSB isolates, a finding that may complicate the use of okenone (okenane) as a biomarker for ancient PZE. Favorable thermodynamics for non-phototrophic sulfide oxidation and sulfate reduction reactions also occur in the plate, and a suite of organisms capable of oxidizing and reducing sulfur is apparent in the metagenome. Fluctuating supplies of both reduced carbon and reduced sulfur to the chemocline may partly account for the diversity of both autotrophic and heterotrophic species. Collectively, the data demonstrate the physiological potential for maintaining complex sulfur and carbon cycles in an anoxic water column, driven by the input of exogenous organic matter. This is consistent with suggestions that high levels of oxygenic primary production maintain episodes of PZE in Earth's history and that such communities should support a diversity of sulfur cycle reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T L Hamilton
- Department of Geosciences, Penn State Astrobiology Research Center (PSARC), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Marsh LE, Pearson A, Ropar D, Hamilton AFDC. Predictive Gaze During Observation of Irrational Actions in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions. J Autism Dev Disord 2014; 45:245-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
46
|
Garcia-Murillas I, Pearson A, Lambros M, Natrajan R, Segal C, Dowsett M, Turner NC. Abstract P2-08-01: Analysis of PIK3CA mutation abundance in primary breast cancer with droplet digital PCR identifies frequent sub-clonal PIK3CA mutations in ER negative and / or HER2 positive breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p2-08-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: PIK3CA is the single most commonly mutated gene in breast cancer, with highest incidence reported in ER positive and HER2 negative breast cancer. Substantial data now suggests that breast cancers show intra-tumoural genetic heterogeneity, with apparently clonal tumours composed of multiple populations of tumour cells that, in addition to the founder genetic events common to all cells, harbour private genetic alterations. Tumours with mutations that are sub-clonal may respond less well to therapies targeting these mutations than cancers with clonal mutations. To assess how frequently PIK3CA mutations are clonal founder mutations, or may be subclonal, we assessed the abundance on PIK3CA mutation using digital PCR.
Methods: DNA was extracted from frozen sections of 119 primary breast cancers, following macrodissection to achieve tumour cell content of >70%. PIK3CA mutations c.1624G>A (E542K), c.1633G>A (E545K), c.3140A>T (H1047L) and c.3140A>G (H1047R) were assessed by droplet digital PCR on a BioRad QX100 system. Exon 9 mutation assays were optimised to not amplify the PIK3CA pseudogene. Mutational abundance was calculated from the Poisson distribution, expressed as the portion of PIK3CA DNA in the sample that was mutant, and compared between breast cancer subtypes. A mutational abundance of <20% was predefined to represent low abundance mutation, that may be subclonal.
Results: PIK3CA mutations were detected with abundance ranging from 80.4% to 0.0063%, with 26 cancers with an abundance >20% and 19 cancers with low abundance <20% (5 cancers with abundance 1-20%, and 14 cancer with abundance <1%). There was highly correlation between repeat experiments r2 = 0.98, p<0.0001, with 100% concordance for low abundance mutations in repeat analysis. High abundance mutations were numerically more common in ER positive HER2 negative cancers (18/65, 28%) than HER2 positive or triple negative (TN) cancers (7/54, 14% p = 0.07 Fishers exact test). Conversely, low abundance mutations were less common in ER positive HER2 negative cancers (4/65, 6%) than in HER2 positive or TN cancers (10/54, 19% p = 0.047). In cancers with a detectable PIK3CA mutation, mutational abundance was higher in ER positive cancer than ER negative cancers (p = 0.023 Mann-Whitney U test), and higher in ER positive HER2 negative cancers compared to HER2 positive or TN cancers (p = 0.0024). In ER positive HER2 negative cancers 82% (18/22) mutations were of high abundance, and likely clonal, whereas in TN or HER2 positive cancers 39% (7/18, p = 0.009) were of high abundance.
Conclusion: Our data suggests that hotspot PIK3CA mutations are frequently of low abundance in HER2 positive or TN breast cancer, and may be subclonal. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that these findings represent contamination. If confirmed on an independent data set, our data suggest that identification of mutational abundance may be an important component of PIK3CA mutation assessment and the potential targeting of these mutations with PI3 kinase inhibitors.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-08-01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Garcia-Murillas
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Pearson
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Lambros
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Natrajan
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Segal
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Dowsett
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - NC Turner
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nuta O, Kiang Chua M, Somaiah N, A'Hern R, Pearson A, Warrington J, Owen R, Rothkamm K, Yarnold J, Herskind C. PO-0915: High p53 levels after a radiotherapy dose, but not residual DNA DSBs, are associated with late normal tissue reactions. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)33221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
48
|
Abreu MH, Garcia-Murilla I, Pearson A, Shnyder S, Knowles M, Turner N. 163 Functional Screens to Identify Mechanisms of Resistance to FGFR Inhibitors in FGFR Amplified and Mutated Cell Lines. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
49
|
Abstract
Mahoney Lake, British Columbia, Canada, is a stratified, 15-m deep saline lake with a euxinic (anoxic, sulfidic) hypolimnion. A dense plate of phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria is found at the chemocline, but to date the rest of the Mahoney Lake microbial ecosystem has been underexamined. In particular, the microbial community that resides in the aphotic hypolimnion and/or in the lake sediments is unknown, and it is unclear whether the sulfate reducers that supply sulfide for phototrophy live only within, or also below, the plate. Here we profiled distributions of 16S rRNA genes using gene clone libraries and PhyloChip microarrays. Both approaches suggest that microbial diversity is greatest in the hypolimnion (8 m) and sediments. Diversity is lowest in the photosynthetic plate (7 m). Shallower depths (5 m, 7 m) are rich in Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, while deeper depths (8 m, sediments) are rich in Crenarchaeota, Natronoanaerobium, and Verrucomicrobia. The heterogeneous distribution of Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria between 7 and 8 m is consistent with metabolisms involving sulfur intermediates in the chemocline, but complete sulfate reduction in the hypolimnion. Overall, the results are consistent with the presence of distinct microbial niches and suggest zonation of sulfur cycle processes in this stratified system.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Archaea/classification
- Archaea/isolation & purification
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Biota
- British Columbia
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Archaeal/chemistry
- DNA, Archaeal/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Fresh Water/microbiology
- Genes, rRNA
- Geologic Sediments/microbiology
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Archaeal/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Klepac-Ceraj
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rochette PA, Pearson A. Characterization of viral determinants of herpes simplex virus type 1 pathogenesis by bioimagery. BMC Proc 2011. [DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s1-p103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|