Biotransformation of Cobicistat: Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes.
Drug Metab Lett 2016;
10:111-123. [PMID:
26935921 PMCID:
PMC5348081 DOI:
10.2174/1872312810666160303112212]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Cobicistat (COBI) is a pharmacoenhancer for antiretroviral therapy.
OBJECTIVE
The current study was designed to profile the metabolic pathways of COBI and to determine the enzymes that contribute to COBI metabolism.
METHOD
We screened COBI metabolites in mice and human liver microsomes. We also used cDNAexpressed human cytochromes P450 (CYPs) to explore the role of human enzymes in COBI metabolism.
RESULTS
Twenty new and three known metabolites of COBI were identified in mouse urine and feces. These new metabolic pathways of COBI include glycine conjugation, N-acetyl cysteine conjugation, morpholine ring-opening, and thiazole ring-opening. Twelve of COBI metabolites were further confirmed in mouse and human liver microsomes, including nine new metabolites. Consistent with the previous report, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 were determined as the major enzymes that contribute to COBI metabolism.
CONCLUSION
This study provided a full map of COBI metabolism. These results can be used to manage CYP-mediated drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions that are associated with COBI-containing regimens in human.
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