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Hacken ET, Valentin R, Regis FFD, Sun J, Yin S, Werner L, Deng J, Gruber M, Wong J, Zheng M, Gill AL, Seiler M, Smith P, Thomas M, Buonamici S, Ghia EM, Kim E, Rassenti LZ, Burger JA, Kipps TJ, Meyerson ML, Bachireddy P, Wang L, Reed R, Neuberg D, Carrasco RD, Brooks AN, Letai A, Davids MS, Wu CJ. Splicing modulation sensitizes chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to venetoclax by remodeling mitochondrial apoptotic dependencies. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121438. [PMID: 30282833 PMCID: PMC6237462 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of targetable vulnerabilities in the context of therapeutic resistance is a key challenge in cancer treatment. We detected pervasive aberrant splicing as a characteristic feature of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), irrespective of splicing factor mutation status, which was associated with sensitivity to the spliceosome modulator, E7107. Splicing modulation affected CLL survival pathways, including members of the B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) family of proteins, remodeling antiapoptotic dependencies of human and murine CLL cells. E7107 treatment decreased myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1) dependence and increased BCL2 dependence, sensitizing primary human CLL cells and venetoclax-resistant CLL-like cells from an Eμ-TCL1-based adoptive transfer murine model to treatment with the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax. Our data provide preclinical rationale to support the combination of venetoclax with splicing modulators to reprogram apoptotic dependencies in CLL for treating venetoclax-resistant CLL cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa ten Hacken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Valentin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fara Faye D. Regis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shanye Yin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lillian Werner
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michaela Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy L. Gill
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Peter Smith
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Emanuela M. Ghia
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ekaterina Kim
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Z. Rassenti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jan A. Burger
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas J. Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew L. Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pavan Bachireddy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robin Reed
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruben D. Carrasco
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela N. Brooks
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew S. Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Xiao J, Grier A, Faustoferri RC, Alzoubi S, Gill AL, Feng C, Liu Y, Quivey RG, Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, Koo H, Gill SR. Association between Oral Candida and Bacteriome in Children with Severe ECC. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1468-1476. [PMID: 30049240 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518790941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal organism frequently detected in the oral cavity of children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). Previous studies suggested the cariogenic potential of C. albicans, in vitro and in vivo, and further demonstrated its synergistic interactions with Streptococcus mutans. In combination, the 2 organisms are associated with higher caries severity in a rodent model. However, it remains unknown whether C. albicans influences the composition and diversity of the entire oral bacterial community to promote S-ECC onset. With 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing, this study analyzed the microbiota of saliva and supragingival plaque from 39 children (21 S-ECC and 18 caries-free [CF]) and 33 mothers (17 S-ECC and 16 CF). The results revealed that the presence of oral C. albicans is associated with a highly acidogenic and acid-tolerant bacterial community in S-ECC, with an increased abundance of plaque Streptococcus (particularly S. mutans) and certain Lactobacillus/Scardovia species and salivary/plaque Veillonella and Prevotella, as well as decreased levels of salivary/plaque Actinomyces. Concurrent with this microbial community assembly, the activity of glucosyltransferases (cariogenic virulence factors secreted by S. mutans) in plaque was significantly elevated when C. albicans was present. Moreover, the oral microbial community composition and diversity differed significantly by disease group (CF vs. S-ECC) and sample source (saliva vs. plaque). Children and mothers within the CF and S-ECC groups shared microbiota composition and diversity, suggesting a strong maternal influence on children's oral microbiota. Altogether, this study underscores the importance of C. albicans in association with the oral bacteriome in the context of S-ECC etiopathogenesis. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to examine how fungal-bacterial interactions modulate the onset and severity of S-ECC, potentially leading to novel anticaries treatments that address fungal contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xiao
- 1 Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A Grier
- 2 Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R C Faustoferri
- 1 Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S Alzoubi
- 1 Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A L Gill
- 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C Feng
- 4 Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Y Liu
- 5 Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R G Quivey
- 1 Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,2 Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - H Koo
- 5 Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S R Gill
- 2 Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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3
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Stark AL, Madian AG, Williams SW, Chen V, Wing C, Hause RJ, To LA, Gill AL, Myers JL, Gorsic LK, Ciaccio MF, White KP, Jones RB, Dolan ME. Identification of Novel Protein Expression Changes Following Cisplatin Treatment and Application to Combination Therapy. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:4227-4236. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Stark
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ashraf G. Madian
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sawyer W. Williams
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Vincent Chen
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Claudia Wing
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ronald J. Hause
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Lida Anita To
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Amy L. Gill
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jamie L. Myers
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Lidija K. Gorsic
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mark F. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kevin P. White
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Richard B. Jones
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - M. Eileen Dolan
- Department of Medicine, ‡Committee on Clinical Pharmacology
and Pharmacogenomics, ∥Ben May Department
for Cancer Research; ⊥Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology; #The Institute for Genomics and Systems
Biology; ∇Committee on Cancer Biology; and □Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Arts and
Letters, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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4
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Abstract
A Polish immigrant, who was resident in the United Kingdom (UK), presented with lepromatous leprosy and was detained in two hospitals against his wishes in the late 1940s. The public reaction to his diagnosis was remarkable, with street riots and questions in the Houses of Parliament about 'this leper'. His wife was persecuted and had to change her name. The index patient died of tuberculosis during enforced isolation in hospital, and several years later his daughter (who had never left the UK) presented with a left median nerve palsy and probable lepromatous dactylitis of the left third finger, eventually requiring amputation and prolonged dapsone treatment. Her disease resolved slowly but completely. We believe these two familial cases represent the first documented episode of autochthonous leprosy transmission in the UK since the early 1920s. They also demonstrate the ability of this disease to engender fear, dissent and discrimination amongst the public. Parallels are drawn with reactions to the cholera epidemics in nineteenth century Britain, and to HIV/AIDS, SARS and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in more recent times.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Gill
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
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5
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Leprosy is a chronic infection that presents with varying dermal and neurological symptoms, and which can lead to extensive disability and morbidity, often with accompanying social stigma. AIM To review the patients presenting to the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) between 1946 and 2003, looking specifically at country of birth and of infection, details of clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and reactions. DESIGN Retrospective record review. METHODS We retrieved all available clinical records for patients seen between 1946 and 2003 (n = 50), consisting of letters, hospital and LSTM casenotes, and some radiographs and photographs. Any history of tuberculosis or diabetes was recorded. RESULTS Most patients (64%) were born in the Indian subcontinent, and most were thought to have contracted the disease there (62%). Features at presentation included anaesthetic skin lesions in 19 (36%), hypopigmentation in 15 (30%), and peripheral nerve enlargement in 25 (50%). Diagnoses were made by a combination of clinical data and biopsy (60%), and slit skin smears were positive for acid-fast bacilli in 61% of multibacillary patients. Initial presentation was with a leprosy reaction in five cases (10%), and reactions were documented in 42% of all patients. Treatments were varied, progressing from traditional Eastern medicine to the WHO-approved multidrug therapy in use today, with prophylaxis for children and close contacts. DISCUSSION Leprosy remains an important diagnosis to consider in patients with a history of work or travel in the tropics, and is a diagnosis with far-reaching medical, social and emotional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Gill
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Gill
- University of Bristol, and Division of Oral & Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK
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7
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Abstract
High isostatic pressures up to 600 MPa were applied to samples of skim milk before addition of rennet and preparation of cheese curds. Electron microscopy revealed the structure of rennet gels produced from pressure-treated milks. These contained dense networks of fine strands, which were continuous over much bigger distances than in gels produced from untreated milk, where the strands were coarser with large interstitial spaces. Alterations in gel network structure gave rise to differences in rheology with much higher values for the storage moduli in the pressure-treated milk gels. The rate of gel formation and the water retention within the gel matrix were also affected by the processing of the milk. Casein micelles were disrupted by pressure and disruption appeared to be complete at treatments of 400 MPa and above. Whey proteins, particularly beta-lactoglobulin, were progressively denatured as increasing pressure was applied, and the denatured beta-lactoglobulin was incorporated into the rennet gels. Pressure-treated micelles were coagulated rapidly by rennet, but the presence of denatured beta-lactoglobulin interfered with the secondary aggregation phase and reduced the overall rate of coagulation. Syneresis from the curds was significantly reduced following treatment of the milk at 600 MPa, probably owing to the effects of a finer gel network and increased inclusion of whey protein. Levels of syneresis were more similar to control samples when the milk was treated at 400 MPa or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Needs
- Institute of Food Research, Reading Laboratory, UK
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