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Itaba N, Matsumi Y, Okinaka K, Ashla AA, Kono Y, Osaki M, Morimoto M, Sugiyama N, Ohashi K, Okano T, Shiota G. Human mesenchymal stem cell-engineered hepatic cell sheets accelerate liver regeneration in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16169. [PMID: 26553591 PMCID: PMC4639852 DOI: 10.1038/srep16169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for cell therapy. Based on our hypothesis that suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signal enhances hepatic differentiation of human MSCs, we developed human mesenchymal stem cell-engineered hepatic cell sheets by a small molecule compound. Screening of 10 small molecule compounds was performed by WST assay, TCF reporter assay, and albumin mRNA expression. Consequently, hexachlorophene suppressed TCF reporter activity in time- and concentration-dependent manner. Hexachlorophene rapidly induced hepatic differentiation of human MSCs judging from expression of liver-specific genes and proteins, PAS staining, and urea production. The effect of orthotopic transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cell-engineered hepatic cell sheets against acute liver injury was examined in one-layered to three-layered cell sheets system. Transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cell-engineered hepatic cell sheets enhanced liver regeneration and suppressed liver injury. The survival rates of the mice were significantly improved. High expression of complement C3 and its downstream signals including C5a, NF-κB, and IL-6/STAT-3 pathway was observed in hepatic cell sheets-grafted tissues. Expression of phosphorylated EGFR and thioredoxin is enhanced, resulting in reduction of oxidative stress. These findings suggest that orthotopic transplantation of hepatic cell sheets manufactured from MSCs accelerates liver regeneration through complement C3, EGFR and thioredoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Itaba
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Matsumi
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kaori Okinaka
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - An Afida Ashla
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yohei Kono
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Morimoto
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sugiyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 6-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohashi
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University. 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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Hoshikawa Y, Kanki K, Ashla AA, Arakaki Y, Azumi J, Yasui T, Tezuka Y, Matsumi Y, Tsuchiya H, Kurimasa A, Hisatome I, Hirano T, Fujimoto J, Kagechika H, Shomori K, Ito H, Shiota G. c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by oxidative stress suppresses retinoid signaling through proteasomal degradation of retinoic acid receptor α protein in hepatic cells. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:934-41. [PMID: 21272161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that impaired retinoid signaling causes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through oxidative stress. However, the interaction between oxidative stress and retinoid signaling has not been fully understood. To address this issue, the effects of hydrogen peroxide on the transcriptional activity of RAR/RXR heterodimers, RARα and RXRα proteins and intracellular signaling pathways were examined. The transcriptional activity of RAR/RXR examined by the DR5-tk-Luc reporter assay was significantly suppressed. The RARα protein level began to decrease at 6 h after treatment and declined thereafter. However, RARα mRNA were not changed. Activation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Akt was observed after treatment of hydrogen peroxide. SP600125, an inhibitor of JNK, reversed the RARα protein level reduced by hydrogen peroxide. Anisomycin, an activator of JNK, reduced RARα protein. Transfection of wild-type JNK-constitutive actively expressing plasmid, but not kinase-negative JNK-expressing plasmid caused reduction of RARα protein. Proteasomal degradation of RARα was observed after anisomycin treatment; however, the mutant RARα, of which phosphorylation sites are replaced with alanines, was not degradated. In hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related human liver tissues, phospho-JNK and RARα reciprocally expressed with the progression of liver disease. Finally, the staining of 8-OHdG and thioredoxin was increased with the disease progression. These data indicate that JNK activation by oxidative stress suppresses retinoid signaling through proteasomal degradation of RARα, suggesting that a vicious cycle between aberrant retinoid signaling and oxidative stress accelerates hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Hoshikawa
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Tsuchiya H, Ashla AA, Hoshikawa Y, Matsumi Y, Kanki K, Enjoji M, Momosaki S, Nakamuta M, Taketomi A, Maehara Y, Shomori K, Kurimasa A, Hisatome I, Ito H, Shiota G. Iron state in association with retinoid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2010; 40:1227-38. [PMID: 20880062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2010.00719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM We have recently reported that hyperdynamic state of retinoid metabolism, which may lead to the shortage of retinoid, is observed in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic iron overload, which causes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is also frequently seen in NAFLD patients. The aim of the study is to examine iron state and retinoid metabolic state simultaneously, and to clarify the relationship between two disorders. METHODS Thirty-six persons, comprising 17 patients with simple steatosis (SS), 11 with NASH, and 8 normal controls (N), were examined on hepatic expression of iron metabolism-related genes including hemojuvelin (HJV), hepcidin (HEPC), transferrin receptor 1 and 2 (TfR1, TfR2), ferroportin (FPN), neogenin (NEO) and ferritin heavy chain (FtH) and hepatic iron contents in addition to expression 51 genes which is involved in retinoid metabolism and antioxidative action. RESULTS In patients with NAFLD, expression of HJV, TfR2, FPN, TfR1, FtH, SOD and catalase was increased, compared with that in N. In addition, hepatic iron content, which was increased in NASH, was correlated with expression level of TfR2. Expression of cellular retinoid binding protein (CRBP1), alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) and cytochrome P450 26A1(CYP26A1) was significantly correlated with that of HJV, TfR2 and FPN, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that the reasons responsible for iron accumulation in NASH in the present study may partly be due to enhanced expression of TfRs, especially TfR2, and hyperdynamic state of retinoid metabolism is closely related to iron metabolism in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine Division of Regenerative Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and, Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Tottori University, Japan
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Ashla AA, Hoshikawa Y, Tsuchiya H, Hashiguchi K, Enjoji M, Nakamuta M, Taketomi A, Maehara Y, Shomori K, Kurimasa A, Hisatome I, Ito H, Shiota G. Genetic analysis of expression profile involved in retinoid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2010; 40:594-604. [PMID: 20618457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2010.00646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been reported to be at greater risk for progression to chronic liver disease including liver cirrhosis (LC). To examine the mechanisms for the progression of NAFLD, a genetic analysis of hepatic expression profile in retinoid metabolism in NAFLD was performed since the loss of retinoid signaling is associated with the progression of liver disease via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. METHODS Fifty-one genes, which are associated with retinoid metabolism and action, were examined in thirty six subjects including 17 patients with simple steatosis, 11 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and eight controls were examined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical study was also done by 3 kinds of antibodies. RESULTS Higher expression of CRBP1 LRAT, DGT1/2 and CES1 in NAFLD suggests that mutual conversion between retinyl ester and retinal occurs actively. Expression of ADH1/2/3, RDH5/10/11, DHRS3 and RALDH1/3 was increased in NAFLD, suggesting that oxidation process from retinol to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was enhanced. Importantly, greater expression of CYP26A1 indicated that degradation of ATRA was enhanced in NAFLD. Further, expression of SOD1/2, catalase, thioredoxin and uncoupling protein 2 was also enhanced. CONCLUSION Hyperdynamic state of retinoid metabolism is present in the liver tissues with NAFLD, which may be a putative mechanism by which NAFLD progresses to chronic liver disease including LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Afida Ashla
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Tsuchiya H, Akechi Y, Ikeda R, Nishio R, Sakabe T, Terabayashi K, Matsumi Y, Ashla AA, Hoshikawa Y, Kurimasa A, Suzuki T, Ishibashi N, Yanagida S, Shiota G. Suppressive effects of retinoids on iron-induced oxidative stress in the liver. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:341-350.e8. [PMID: 18952085 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We previously reported that impaired retinoid signaling in the liver causes steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, oxidative stress induced by hepatic iron overload has emerged as an important factor for the progression of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, the relationship between retinoid signaling and iron metabolism in the liver was investigated. METHODS The effect of retinoids on the iron metabolism was examined in HuH7 cells treated with all-trans retinoic acid and acyclic retinoid NIK-333. In in vivo experiments, we used the mice expressing the dominant negative form of retinoic acid receptor alpha gene under the control of albumin enhancer/promoter (RAR-E Tg) and iron-overloaded wild mice fed with retinoid-deficient and retinoid-excess diets. RESULTS Hepatic iron accumulation and increased expression of hemojuvelin were observed in RAR-E Tg mouse liver. Retinoid treatment significantly suppressed expression of hemojuvelin and mildly suppressed expression of transferrin receptor type 2 and hepcidin, accompanied by decreased hepatic iron content and iron-induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of hemojuvelin in HuH7 hepatoma cells led to a significant increase in cellular iron content. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that retinoids are involved in hepatic iron metabolism through transcriptional regulation of hemojuvelin. This study demonstrated a novel functional role of retinoids in preventing iron-induced oxidative stress in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
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Gonda K, Tsuchiya H, Sakabe T, Akechi Y, Ikeda R, Nishio R, Terabayashi K, Ishii K, Matsumi Y, Ashla AA, Okamoto H, Takubo K, Matsuoka S, Watanabe Y, Hoshikawa Y, Kurimasa A, Shiota G. Synthetic retinoid CD437 induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 370:629-33. [PMID: 18406343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids play an important role in the regulation of cell growth and death. Synthetic retinoid CD437 reportedly induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism of inducing apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by this agent remains to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathway by which CD437 induces apoptosis in HCC cell lines. Apoptosis of six human HCC cell lines was induced by treatment with CD437. Caspase-3 and -9 were activated by CD437, suggesting that the apoptosis is mediated by mitochondrial pathways. Consistent with these findings, the treatment with CD437 upregulated Bax protein, downregulated Bcl-2 protein and released cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Moreover, rhodamine123 staining revealed mitochondrial depolarization in the cells treated with CD437. These data of the present study suggest that CD437 induces apoptosis in HCC cells via mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Gonda
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishi-cho 86, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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Watanabe Y, Tsuchiya H, Sakabe T, Matsuoka S, Akechi Y, Fujimoto Y, Yamane K, Ikeda R, Nishio R, Terabayashi K, Ishii K, Gonda K, Matsumi Y, Ashla AA, Okamoto H, Takubo K, Tomita A, Hoshikawa Y, Kurimasa A, Itamochi H, Harada T, Terakawa N, Shiota G. CD437 induces apoptosis in ovarian adenocarcinoma cells via ER stress signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 366:840-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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