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Mattos BD, Zhu Y, Tardy BL, Beaumont M, Ribeiro ACR, Missio AL, Otoni CG, Rojas OJ. Versatile Assembly of Metal-Phenolic Network Foams Enabled by Tannin-Cellulose Nanofibers. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2209685. [PMID: 36734159 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-phenolic network (MPN) foams are prepared using colloidal suspensions of tannin-containing cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) that are ice-templated and thawed in ethanolic media in the presence of metal nitrates. The MPN facilitates the formation of solid foams by air drying, given the strength and self-supporting nature of the obtained tannin-cellulose nanohybrid structures. The porous characteristics and (dry and wet) compression strength of the foams are rationalized by the development of secondary, cohesive metal-phenolic layers combined with a hydrogen bonding network involving the CNF. The shrinkage of the MPN foams is as low as 6% for samples prepared with 2.5-10% tannic acid (or condensed tannin at 2.5%) with respect to CNF content. The strength of the MPN foams reaches a maximum at 10% tannic acid (using Fe(III) ions), equivalent to a compressive strength 70% higher than that produced with tannin-free CNF foams. Overall, a straightforward framework is introduced to synthesize MPN foams whose physical and mechanical properties are tailored by the presence of tannins as well as the metal ion species that enable the metal-phenolic networking. Depending on the metal ion, the foams are amenable to modification according to the desired application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D Mattos
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Technological Development Center, Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Gomes Carneiro 1, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Ya Zhu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Blaise L Tardy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen, Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Ana Carolina R Ribeiro
- Technological Development Center, Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Gomes Carneiro 1, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - André L Missio
- Technological Development Center, Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Gomes Carneiro 1, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Caio G Otoni
- Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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