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Anel A, Gallego-Lleyda A, de Miguel D, Naval J, Martínez-Lostao L. Role of Exosomes in the Regulation of T-cell Mediated Immune Responses and in Autoimmune Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020154. [PMID: 30759880 PMCID: PMC6406439 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
: T-cell mediated immune responses should be regulated to avoid the development of autoimmune or chronic inflammatory diseases. Several mechanisms have been described to regulate this process, namely death of overactivated T cells by cytokine deprivation, suppression by T regulatory cells (Treg), induction of expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, or activation-induced cell death (AICD). In addition, activated T cells release membrane microvesicles called exosomes during these regulatory processes. In this review, we revise the role of exosome secretion in the different pathways of immune regulation described to date and its importance in the prevention or development of autoimmune disease. The expression of membrane-bound death ligands on the surface of exosomes during AICD or the more recently described transfer of miRNA or even DNA inside T-cell exosomes is a molecular mechanism that will be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Anel
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Sq., University of Zaragoza and Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Ana Gallego-Lleyda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Sq., University of Zaragoza and Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Diego de Miguel
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower St, Bloomsbury, WC1E 6BT London, UK.
| | - Javier Naval
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Sq., University of Zaragoza and Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Immunology Department, Lozano Blesa Clinical Hospital, and Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Gallego-Lleyda A, De Miguel D, Anel A, Martinez-Lostao L. Lipid Nanoparticles Decorated with TNF-Related Aptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Are More Cytotoxic than Soluble Recombinant TRAIL in Sarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051449. [PMID: 29757258 PMCID: PMC5983602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous cancers classically associated with a poor outcome. Sarcomas are 1% of the cancer but recent estimations indicate that sarcomas account for 2% of the estimated cancer-related deaths. Traditional treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy has improved the outcome for some types of sarcomas. However, novel therapeutic strategies to treat sarcomas are necessary. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death ligand initially described as capable of inducing apoptosis on tumor cell while sparing normal cells. Only few clinical trials have used TRAIL-based treatments in sarcoma, but they show only low or moderate efficacy of TRAIL. Consequently, novel TRAIL formulations with an improved TRAIL bioactivity are necessary. Our group has developed a novel TRAIL formulation based on tethering this death ligand on a lipid nanoparticle surface (LUV-TRAIL) resembling the physiological secretion of TRAIL as a trasmembrane protein inserted into the membrane of exosomes. We have already demonstrated that LUV-TRAIL shows an improved cytotoxic activity when compared to soluble recombinant TRAIL both in hematological malignancies and epithelial-derived cancers. In the present study, we have tested LUV-TRAIL in several human sarcoma tumor cell lines with different sensitivity to soluble recombinant TRAIL, finding that LUV-TRAIL was more efficient than soluble recombinant TRAIL. Moreover, combined treatment of LUV-TRAIL with distinct drugs proved to be especially effective, sensitizing even more resistant cell lines to TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gallego-Lleyda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (ISS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Diego De Miguel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, University College of London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Alberto Anel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (ISS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Luis Martinez-Lostao
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (ISS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Bosque A, Dietz L, Gallego-Lleyda A, Sanclemente M, Iturralde M, Naval J, Alava MA, Martínez-Lostao L, Thierse HJ, Anel A. Comparative proteomics of exosomes secreted by tumoral Jurkat T cells and normal human T cell blasts unravels a potential tumorigenic role for valosin-containing protein. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29287-305. [PMID: 27086912 PMCID: PMC5045396 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously characterized that FasL and Apo2L/TRAIL are stored in their bioactive form inside human T cell blasts in intraluminal vesicles present in multivesicular bodies. These vesicles are rapidly released to the supernatant in the form of exosomes upon re-activation of T cells. In this study we have compared for the first time proteomics of exosomes produced by normal human T cell blasts with those produced by tumoral Jurkat cells, with the objective of identify proteins associated with tumoral exosomes that could have a previously unrecognized role in malignancy. We have identified 359 and 418 proteins in exosomes from T cell blasts and Jurkat cells, respectively. Interestingly, only 145 (around a 40%) are common. The major proteins in both cases are actin and tubulin isoforms and the common interaction nodes correspond to these cytoskeleton and related proteins, as well as to ribosomal and mRNA granule proteins. We detected 14 membrane proteins that were especially enriched in exosomes from Jurkat cells as compared with T cell blasts. The most abundant of these proteins was valosin-containing protein (VCP), a membrane ATPase involved in ER homeostasis and ubiquitination. In this work, we also show that leukemic cells are more sensitive to cell death induced by the VCP inhibitor DBeQ than normal T cells. Furthermore, VCP inhibition prevents functional exosome secretion only in Jurkat cells, but not in T cell blasts. These results suggest VCP targeting as a new selective pathway to exploit in cancer treatment to prevent tumoral exosome secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bosque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa Dietz
- Research Group for Immunology & Proteomics, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprechts-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Gallego-Lleyda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanclemente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Iturralde
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Naval
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Angeles Alava
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hermann-Josef Thierse
- Research Group for Immunology & Proteomics, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprechts-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alberto Anel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
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De Miguel D, Gallego-Lleyda A, Ayuso JM, Erviti-Ardanaz S, Pazo-Cid R, del Agua C, Fernández LJ, Ochoa I, Anel A, Martinez-Lostao L. TRAIL-coated lipid-nanoparticles overcome resistance to soluble recombinant TRAIL in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:185101. [PMID: 27001952 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/18/185101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one the types of cancer with higher prevalence and mortality. Apo2-Ligand/TRAIL is a TNF family member able to induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not in normal cells. It has been tested in clinical trials against different types of human cancer including NSCLC. However, results of clinical trials have shown a limited efficacy of TRAIL-based therapies. Recently we have demonstrated that artificial lipid nanoparticles coated with bioactive Apo2L/TRAIL (LUV-TRAIL) greatly improved TRAIL cytotoxic ability being capable of killing chemoresistant hematological cancer cells. In the present work we have extended the study to NSCLC. METHODS/PATIENTS LUV-TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity was assessed on different NSCLC cell lines with different sensitivity to soluble TRAIL and on primary human tumor cells from three patients suffering from NSCLC cancer. We also tested LUV-TRAIL-cytotoxic ability in combination with several anti-tumor agents. RESULTS LUV-TRAIL exhibited a greater cytotoxic effect compared to soluble TRAIL both in A549 cells and primary human NSCLC cells. LUV-TRAIL-induced cell death was dependent on caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. Moreover, combination of LUV-TRAIL with other anti-tumor agents such as flavopiridol, and SNS-032 clearly enhanced LUV-TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity against NSCLC cancer cells. CONCLUSION The novel formulation of TRAIL based on displaying it on the surface of lipid nanoparticles greatly increases its anti-tumor activity and has clinical potential in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego De Miguel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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De Miguel D, Gallego-Lleyda A, M. Ayuso J, Pawlak A, Conde B, Ochoa I, J. Fernández L, Anel A, Martinez-Lostao L. Improved Anti-Tumor Activity of Novel Highly Bioactive Liposome-Bound TRAIL in Breast Cancer Cells. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2016; 11:197-214. [DOI: 10.2174/1574892811666160229121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Martinez-Lostao L, de Miguel D, Al-Wasaby S, Gallego-Lleyda A, Anel A. Death ligands and granulysin: mechanisms of tumor cell death induction and therapeutic opportunities. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:883-2. [PMID: 26314314 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a key role in cancer immune surveillance to control tumor development. The final goal is recognizing and killing transformed cells and consequently the elimination of the tumor. The main effector cell types exerting cytotoxicity against tumors are natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Although the mechanism of activation of NK cells and CTLs are quite different, both cell types share common antitumor effector mechanisms of cytotoxicity which lead to induction of cell death of tumor cells by apoptosis. Among these mechanisms are the death ligand- and granulysin-mediated cell deaths. In this review, we summarize the main concepts of these effector cytotoxic mechanisms against cancer cells, how NK cells and CTLs use them to control tumor development and the therapeutic approaches currently developed based on these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martinez-Lostao
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Zaragoza Spain
| | - Diego de Miguel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Sameer Al-Wasaby
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Ana Gallego-Lleyda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Alberto Anel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
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