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Parrón I, Carol M, Bes N, Izquierdo C, Godoy P, Barrabeig I, Sala MR, Minguell S, Ferras J, Rius C, Martínez AI, Domínguez À. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in Catalonia (Spain). Epidemiol Infect 2023; 152:e10. [PMID: 38073577 PMCID: PMC10804134 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We carried out a retrospective study of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks reported between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2021 in Catalonia (Spain) to compare the incidence from 2015 to 2019 with that observed from 2020 to 2021. We observed a higher incidence rate of outbreaks during the prepandemic period (16.89 outbreaks/1,000,000 person-years) than during the pandemic period (6.96 outbreaks/1,000,000 person-years) (rate ratio (RR) 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34 to 0.51). According to the aetiology of the outbreak, those of viral aetiology decreased from 7.82 to 3.38 outbreaks/1,000,000 person-years (RR 2.31; 95% CI 1.72 to 3.12), and those of bacterial aetiology decreased from 5.01 to 2.78 outbreaks/1,000,000 person-years (RR 1.80; 95% CI 1.29 to 2.52). There was a great reduction in AGE outbreaks in Catalonia. This reduction may have been due to the effect of the nonpharmaceutical measures applied to reduce the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the collapse of the healthcare system and epidemiological surveillance services may also have had a strong influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Parrón
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Carol
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bes
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pere Godoy
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, Spain
- Grup d’Epidemiologia Aplicada, Institut de Recerca Biomédica (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Barrabeig
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Rosa Sala
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Rius
- CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Àngela Domínguez
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Rubio E, Martínez MJ, Gonzalo V, Barrachina J, Torner N, Martínez AI, Jané M, Vilella A, Del Rio A, Rodriguez-Valero N, Pinazo MJ, Muñoz J, Soriano A, Trilla A, Vila J, Marcos MÁ. Definitive diagnosis in suspected Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus cases. J Travel Med 2018; 25:4711105. [PMID: 29232459 PMCID: PMC7107577 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/tax084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the microbiological diagnosis in 14 patients with epidemiological and clinical suspicion of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) attended in a non-endemic area between June 2015 and January 2017. While no MERS-CoV was detected, other respiratory viruses were identified in 12 cases and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 1 case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rubio
- Department of Clinical Mirobiology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel J Martínez
- Department of Clinical Mirobiology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Gonzalo
- Department of Clinical Mirobiology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Barrachina
- Department of Clinical Mirobiology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Torner
- Agencia de Salud Pública de Cataluña, Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Spain
| | - Ana I Martínez
- Agencia de Salud Pública de Cataluña, Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Spain
| | - Mireia Jané
- Agencia de Salud Pública de Cataluña, Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Spain
| | - Anna Vilella
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Public Health Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Del Rio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodriguez-Valero
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Research in International Health (CRESIB), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Pinazo
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Research in International Health (CRESIB), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Muñoz
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Research in International Health (CRESIB), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Soriano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Trilla
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Public Health Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- Department of Clinical Mirobiology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ma Ángeles Marcos
- Department of Clinical Mirobiology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
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Fraile P, Segurado O, Lizarazo A, Martínez AI, García-Cosmes P. Kidney transplant patient with a decreased level of consciousness of unusual aetiology: A case report. Neurologia 2016; 33:480-482. [PMID: 27293025 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Fraile
- Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España.
| | - O Segurado
- Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - A Lizarazo
- Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - A I Martínez
- Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - P García-Cosmes
- Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
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Diez-Fernandez C, Martínez AI, Pekkala S, Barcelona B, Pérez-Arellano I, Guadalajara AM, Summar M, Cervera J, Rubio V. Molecular Characterization of Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthetase (CPS1) Deficiency Using Human Recombinant CPS1 as a Key Tool. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:1149-59. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Diez-Fernandez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC); Valencia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia Spain
| | | | - Satu Pekkala
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia Spain
| | - Belén Barcelona
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC); Valencia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia Spain
- Group 739, CIBERER, ISCIII; Spain
| | - Isabel Pérez-Arellano
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia Spain
- Group 739, CIBERER, ISCIII; Spain
| | | | - Marshall Summar
- Childrens National Medical Center; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Javier Cervera
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC); Valencia Spain
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia Spain
- Group 739, CIBERER, ISCIII; Spain
| | - Vicente Rubio
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC); Valencia Spain
- Group 739, CIBERER, ISCIII; Spain
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Pekkala S, Martínez AI, Barcelona B, Yefimenko I, Finckh U, Rubio V, Cervera J. Understanding carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I (CPS1) deficiency by using expression studies and structure-based analysis. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:801-8. [PMID: 20578160 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I (CPS1) deficiency (CPS1D), a recessively inherited urea cycle error due to CPS1 gene mutations, causes life-threatening hyperammonemia. The disease-causing potential of missense mutations in CPS1 deficiency can be ascertained with the recombinant CPS1 expression and purification system reported here, which uses baculovirus and insect cells. We study with this system the effects of nine clinical mutations and one polymorphism on CPS1 solubility, stability, activity, and kinetic parameters for NAG. Five of the mutations (p.T471N, p.Q678P, p.P774L, p.R1453Q, and p.R1453W) are first reported here, in three severe CPS1D patients. p.P774L, p.R1453Q, and p.R1453W inactivate CPS1, p.T471N and p.Y1491H greatly decrease the apparent affinity for NAG, p.Q678P hampers correct enzyme folding, and p.S123F, p.H337R, and p.P1411L modestly decrease activity. p.G1376S is confirmed a trivial polymorphism. The effects of the C-terminal domain mutations are rationalized in the light of this domain crystal structure, including the NAG site structure [Pekkala et al. Biochem J 424:211-220]. The agreement of clinical observations and in vitro findings, and the possibility to identify CPS1D patients who might benefit from specific treatment with NAG analogues because they exhibit reduced affinity for NAG highlight the value of this novel CPS1 expression/purification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Pekkala
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
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Pérez-Arellano I, Carmona-Alvarez F, Martínez AI, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Cervera J. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase and proline biosynthesis: from osmotolerance to rare metabolic disease. Protein Sci 2010; 19:372-82. [PMID: 20091669 DOI: 10.1002/pro.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) is a bifunctional enzyme that exhibits glutamate kinase (GK) and gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase (GPR) activities. The enzyme is highly relevant in humans because it belongs to a combined route for the interconversion of glutamate, ornithine and proline. The deficiency of P5CS activity in humans is associated with a rare, inherited metabolic disease. It is well established that some bacteria and plants accumulate proline in response to osmotic stress. The alignment of P5CSs from different species and analysis of the solved structures of GK and GPR reveal high sequence and structural conservation. The information acquired from different mutant enzymes with increased osmotolerant properties, together with the position of the insertion found in the longer human isoform, permit the delimitation of the regulatory site of GK and P5CS and the proposal of a model of P5CS architecture. Additionally, the GK moiety of the human enzyme has been modeled and the known clinical mutations and polymorphisms have been mapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pérez-Arellano
- Molecular Recognition Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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Martínez AI, Domínguez Á, Oviedo M, Minguell S, Jansà JM, Codina G, Vázquez JA. Epidemiología de la enfermedad meningocócica en Cataluña antes y después de la vacunación frente al serogrupo C. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2009; 83:725-35. [DOI: 10.1590/s1135-57272009000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Castillo L, Calvo E, Martínez AI, Ruiz-Herrera J, Valentín E, Lopez JA, Sentandreu R. A study of the Candida albicans cell wall proteome. Proteomics 2008; 8:3871-81. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ruiz-Herrera J, Ortiz-Castellanos L, Martínez AI, León-Ramírez C, Sentandreu R. Analysis of the proteins involved in the structure and synthesis of the cell wall of Ustilago maydis. Fungal Genet Biol 2008; 45 Suppl 1:S71-6. [PMID: 18508396 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2008] [Revised: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A study of the proteins involved in the synthesis and structure of the cell wall of Ustilago maydis was made by in silico analysis of the fungal genome, with reference to supporting experimental evidence. The composition of the cell wall of U. maydis shows similarities with the structural composition of the walls of Ascomycetes, but also shows important differential features. Accordingly, the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the U. maydis wall polysaccharides chitin and beta-1,6 glucans displayed some differential characteristics. The most salient difference in protein composition was the predicted absence of Pir proteins, an important class of proteins present in the Ascomycetes. Other classes of proteins that are covalently-linked to the wall in Ascomycetes, including those bound through disulfide linkages, joined by alkali-labile bonds, and GPI proteins, were predicted to be present in the U. maydis walls. The main characteristic of the exo-cellular, non-covalently-bound proteins was their relative low number, especially for hydrolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ruiz-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, CINVESTAV del IPN, Apartado Postal 629, 36500 Irapuato, Gto., Mexico.
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Garcerá A, Castillo L, Martínez AI, Elorza MV, Valentín E, Sentandreu R. Anchorage of Candida albicans Ssr1 to the cell wall, and transcript profiling of the null mutant. Res Microbiol 2005; 156:911-20. [PMID: 16024227 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation into the wall of Candida albicans Ssr1, a GPI-dependent protein, was investigated by construction of different truncated genes for which the three potential omega sites (S199, S215 and G216) and the corresponding omega+1 and omega+2 were eliminated or modified. Cells of the C. albicans ssr1Delta mutant were transformed with pADH-pl harboring the truncated versions of CaSSR1, pADH-DeltaCaSSR1t(217-234) (lacking a C-terminal hydrophobic stretch of 18 aa including the putative omega+2 and omega+1, omega+2 of S215 and G216) or pADH-DeltaCaSSR1t(199-201) (lacking three serine residues), and their walls were analyzed for the protein. Results suggested that the three serine residues are essential for incorporation of CaSsr1 into the wall beta-glucan. This interpretation was confirmed when the truncated protein CaSsr1pt(199-201) was found in the spent medium. The transcription profile of the 6039 genes in C. albicans ssr1Delta showed that seven genes are upregulated (1.4-fold), including SRP54 (a signal recognition particle subunit), IPF29 (a zinc finger protein) and PTR3 (a transcriptional regulator), whereas 27 genes are downregulated (0.7-fold), including IPF6318 (a beta-glucosidase) and SOU1 (a sorbitol utilization protein). Additional genes showed a reduced increase, or decreased expression, suggesting that some current orphan genes may have unknown cell wall functions. In addition, a compensatory mechanism would appear to occur, as a substantial increase in the amount of beta-1,3-glucan (2.34-fold) was detected in the cell wall of the mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Garcerá
- Department de Microbiología i Ecología, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avgda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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Martínez AI, Castillo L, Garcerá A, Elorza MV, Valentín E, Sentandreu R. Role of Pir1 in the construction of the Candida albicans cell wall. Microbiology (Reading) 2004; 150:3151-61. [PMID: 15470096 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.27220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Searches in a Candida albicans database (http://genolist.pasteur.fr/CandidaDB/) identified two Individual Protein Files (IPF 15363 and 19968) whose deduced amino acid sequences showed 42 % and 45 % homology with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pir4. The two DNA sequences are alleles of the same gene (CaPIR1) but IPF 19968 has a deletion of 117 bases. IPF 19968 encodes a putative polypeptide of 364 aa, which is highly O-glycosylated and has an N-mannosylated chain, four cysteine residues and seven repeats. Both alleles are expressed under different growth conditions and during wall construction by regenerating protoplasts. The heterozygous mutant cells are elongated, form clumps of several cells and are hypersensitive to drugs that affect cell wall assembly. CaPir1 was labelled with the V5 epitope and found linked to the 1,3-beta-glucan of the C. albicans wall and also by disulphide bridges when expressed in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Martínez
- Departament de Microbiología i Ecología, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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Abstract
Stability of the protein populations present in the cell wall of three ascomycetous fungi Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica was investigated. Cell wall proteins were either labeled with biotin or radiolabeled with amino acids, and chased for a period of time representing several generations. Proteins linked by non-covalent or covalent bonds were separated and their turnover was analyzed. No significant turnover took place during the chase period, and in fact radioactive proteins were accumulated in the wall during the period possibly by transfer through the secretory pathway. This transfer did not involve de novo protein synthesis; it was inhibited by azide, and by incubation of a sec1 mutant of S. cerevisiae at the non-permissive temperature. It is concluded that proteins bound to the cell wall are stable and that there is no precursor-product relationship among those linked by non-covalent bonds and the covalently bound ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ruiz-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigacíon y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
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