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Moratiel R, Jimenez R, Mate M, Ibánez MA, Moreno MM, Tarquis AM. Net CO 2 assimilation rate response of tomato seedlings ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) to the interaction between light intensity, spectrum and ambient CO 2 concentration. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1327385. [PMID: 38162301 PMCID: PMC10755909 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1327385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Artificial lighting is complementary and single-source lighting for controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) to increase crop productivity. Installations to control CO2 levels and luminaires with variable spectrum and intensity are becoming increasingly common. In order to see the net assimilation of CO2 based on the relationship between the three factors: intensity, spectrum and CO2 concentration, tests are proposed on tomatoes seedling with combinations of ten spectra (100B, 80B20G, 20B80G, 100G, 80G20R, 20G80R, 100R, 80R20B, 20R80B, 37R36G27B) seven light intensities (30, 90, 200, 350, 500, 700 and 1000 μmol·m-2 s-1) and nine CO2 concentrations (200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 ppm). These tomato seedlings grew under uniform conditions with no treatments applied up to the moment of measurement by a differential gas analyzer. We have developed a model to evaluate and determine under what spectrum and intensity of light photosynthesis the Net assimilation of CO2 (An) is more significant in the leaves of tomato plants, considering the CO2 concentration as an independent variable in the model. The evaluation of the model parameters for each spectrum and intensity shows that the intensity has a more decisive influence on the maximum An rate than the spectra. For intensities lower than 350 μmol·m-2 s-1, it is observed that the spectrum has a greater influence on the variable An. The spectra with the best behaviour were 80R20B and 80B20R, which maintained An values between 2 and 4 (μmol CO2·m-2·s-1) above the spectra with the worst behaviour (100G, 80G20R, 20G80R and 37B36G27R) in practically all situations. Photosynthetic Light-Use Efficiency (PLUE) was also higher for the 80B20R and 20R80B spectra with values of 36,07 and 33,84 mmol CO2·mol photon-1, respectively, for light intensities of 200 μmol·m-2 s-1 and 400 ppm of CO2that increased to values of 49,65 and 48,38 mmol CO2·mol photon-1 for the same light intensity and concentrations of 850 ppm. The choice of spectrum is essential, as indicated by the data from this study, to optimize the photosynthesis of the plant species grown in the plant factory where light intensities are adjusted for greater profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Moratiel
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AgSystems, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Jimenez
- AgSystems, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Entomología Aplicada a la Agricultura y la Salud, Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Mate
- ICEI, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Ibánez
- Departamento Economía Agraria, Estadística y Gestión de Empresas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta M. Moreno
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Higher Technical School of Agricultural Engineering in Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana M. Tarquis
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Aguiar D, Menezes RSC, Antonino ACD, Stosic T, Tarquis AM, Stosic B. Quantifying Soil Complexity Using Fisher Shannon Method on 3D X-ray Computed Tomography Scans. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:1465. [PMID: 37895586 PMCID: PMC10606068 DOI: 10.3390/e25101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of native forest into agricultural land, which is common in many parts of the world, poses important questions regarding soil degradation, demanding further efforts to better understand the effect of land use change on soil functions. With the advent of 3D computed tomography techniques and computing power, new methods are becoming available to address this question. In this direction, in the current work we implement a modification of the Fisher-Shannon method, borrowed from information theory, to quantify the complexity of twelve 3D CT soil samples from a sugarcane plantation and twelve samples from a nearby native Atlantic forest in northeastern Brazil. The distinction found between the samples from the sugar plantation and the Atlantic forest site is quite pronounced. The results at the level of 91.7% accuracy were obtained considering the complexity in the Fisher-Shannon plane. Atlantic forest samples are found to be generally more complex than those from the sugar plantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingos Aguiar
- Departamento de Estatística e Informática, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Simões Cezar Menezes
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Tatijana Stosic
- Departamento de Estatística e Informática, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Tarquis
- Department of Applied Mathematics, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, n. 2-4, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- CEIGRAM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, n. 2-4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Borko Stosic
- Departamento de Estatística e Informática, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil
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Rivas-Tabares D, Tarquis AM, De Miguel Á, Gobin A, Willaarts B. Enhancing LULC scenarios impact assessment in hydrological dynamics using participatory mapping protocols in semiarid regions. Sci Total Environ 2022; 803:149906. [PMID: 34492495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Land use and land cover (LULC) scenarios in rural catchment hydrology are crucial to describe the effects of future water dynamics. However, there is a lack of understanding of the effectiveness of including static land covers at the subbasin level to provide inter-annual stability in changing the different water balance components. We developed a step-by-step mapping protocol to extend and enrich the hydrological assessment of future LULC scenarios defined through participatory stakeholder involvement. This novelty included specific allocation of static and dynamic LULC change among the scenarios and then compared the change of water dynamics to the current situation. For this, we quantified the LULC impact on the components of the water balance from three contrasting participatory scenarios implemented with the SWAT model in a rural basin in central Spain. The Land-sharing scenario (LSH) had the highest percentage of permanent grassland and shrubs and no increase of irrigated land compared to baseline. The land-sparing scenario (LSP) intensified agricultural land use close to urban areas, and the land balance scenario (LBA) was intermediate. The LSH increased the aquifer recharge by +1.7% and streamflow by +1.5%, while evapotranspiration and soil water storage decreased by -0.2%. In contrast, the LBA decreased in the riverine flux of -0.5%, an aquifer recharge of -0.6%, a soil water storage of -3.5%, and an evapotranspiration rate of +0.3%. Thus, LSH revealed that the allocation of permanent land cover such as grassland could buffer water dynamics, suggesting that dedicated planning and allocation of permanently vegetated LULC will favour land and water conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana M Tarquis
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel De Miguel
- Wageningen Environmental Research (WEnR), Water and Food team, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Gobin
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of BioScience Engineering, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bárbara Willaarts
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), Vienna, Austria
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Sanz E, Saa-Requejo A, Díaz-Ambrona CH, Ruiz-Ramos M, Rodríguez A, Iglesias E, Esteve P, Soriano B, Tarquis AM. Generalized Structure Functions and Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis Applied to Vegetation Index Time Series: An Arid Rangeland Study. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 23:e23050576. [PMID: 34067228 PMCID: PMC8151831 DOI: 10.3390/e23050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Estimates suggest that more than 70% of the world’s rangelands are degraded. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is commonly used by ecologists and agriculturalists to monitor vegetation and contribute to more sustainable rangeland management. This paper aims to explore the scaling character of NDVI and NDVI anomaly (NDVIa) time series by applying three fractal analyses: generalized structure function (GSF), multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA), and Hurst index (HI). The study was conducted in four study areas in Southeastern Spain. Results suggest a multifractal character influenced by different land uses and spatial diversity. MF-DFA indicated an antipersistent character in study areas, while GSF and HI results indicated a persistent character. Different behaviors of generalized Hurst and scaling exponents were found between herbaceous and tree dominated areas. MF-DFA and surrogate and shuffle series allow us to study multifractal sources, reflecting the importance of long-range correlations in these areas. Two types of long-range correlation appear to be in place due to short-term memory reflecting seasonality and longer-term memory based on a time scale of a year or longer. The comparison of these series also provides us with a differentiating profile to distinguish among our four study areas that can improve land use and risk management in arid rangelands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Sanz
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (C.H.D.-A.); (M.R.-R.); (A.R.); (E.I.); (P.E.); (B.S.); (A.M.T.)
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Saa-Requejo
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (C.H.D.-A.); (M.R.-R.); (A.R.); (E.I.); (P.E.); (B.S.); (A.M.T.)
- Evaluación de Recursos Naturales, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos H. Díaz-Ambrona
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (C.H.D.-A.); (M.R.-R.); (A.R.); (E.I.); (P.E.); (B.S.); (A.M.T.)
- AgSystems, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Ruiz-Ramos
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (C.H.D.-A.); (M.R.-R.); (A.R.); (E.I.); (P.E.); (B.S.); (A.M.T.)
- AgSystems, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (C.H.D.-A.); (M.R.-R.); (A.R.); (E.I.); (P.E.); (B.S.); (A.M.T.)
- Departamento de Análisis Económico y Finanzas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Eva Iglesias
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (C.H.D.-A.); (M.R.-R.); (A.R.); (E.I.); (P.E.); (B.S.); (A.M.T.)
- Economía Agraria y Gestión de los Recursos Naturales, ETSI Agronómica Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Esteve
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (C.H.D.-A.); (M.R.-R.); (A.R.); (E.I.); (P.E.); (B.S.); (A.M.T.)
- Economía Agraria y Gestión de los Recursos Naturales, ETSI Agronómica Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Soriano
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (C.H.D.-A.); (M.R.-R.); (A.R.); (E.I.); (P.E.); (B.S.); (A.M.T.)
- Economía Agraria y Gestión de los Recursos Naturales, ETSI Agronómica Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Tarquis
- CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (C.H.D.-A.); (M.R.-R.); (A.R.); (E.I.); (P.E.); (B.S.); (A.M.T.)
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Almeida-Ñauñay AF, Benito RM, Quemada M, Losada JC, Tarquis AM. The Vegetation-Climate System Complexity through Recurrence Analysis. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 23:e23050559. [PMID: 33946301 PMCID: PMC8145696 DOI: 10.3390/e23050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies revealed that pasture grasslands are a time-varying complex ecological system. Climate variables regulate vegetation growing, being precipitation and temperature the most critical driver factors. This work aims to assess the response of two different Vegetation Indices (VIs) to the temporal dynamics of temperature and precipitation in a semiarid area. Two Mediterranean grasslands zones situated in the center of Spain were selected to accomplish this goal. Correlations and cross-correlations between VI and each climatic variable were computed. Different lagged responses of each VIs series were detected, varying in zones, the year’s season, and the climatic variable. Recurrence Plots (RPs) and Cross Recurrence Plots (CRPs) analyses were applied to characterise and quantify the system’s complexity showed in the cross-correlation analysis. RPs pointed out that short-term predictability and high dimensionality of VIs series, as well as precipitation, characterised this dynamic. Meanwhile, temperature showed a more regular pattern and lower dimensionality. CRPs revealed that precipitation was a critical variable to distinguish between zones due to their complex pattern and influence on the soil’s water balance that the VI reflects. Overall, we prove RP and CRP’s potential as adequate tools for analysing vegetation dynamics characterised by complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F. Almeida-Ñauñay
- Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Senda del Rey, 13, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Q.); (A.M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(91)-067-1386
| | - Rosa María Benito
- Complex Systems Group, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, no. 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Miguel Quemada
- Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Senda del Rey, 13, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Q.); (A.M.T.)
- Department of Agricultural Production, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, no. 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Losada
- Complex Systems Group, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, no. 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Ana M. Tarquis
- Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Senda del Rey, 13, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Q.); (A.M.T.)
- Complex Systems Group, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, no. 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.B.); (J.C.L.)
- Department of Applied Mathematics, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, no. 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Martin-Gutierrez S, Borondo J, Morales AJ, Losada JC, Tarquis AM, Benito RM. Agricultural activity shapes the communication and migration patterns in Senegal. Chaos 2016; 26:065305. [PMID: 27368795 DOI: 10.1063/1.4952961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The communication and migration patterns of a country are shaped by its socioeconomic processes. The economy of Senegal is predominantly rural, as agriculture employs over 70% of the labor force. In this paper, we use mobile phone records to explore the impact of agricultural activity on the communication and mobility patterns of the inhabitants of Senegal. We find two peaks of phone calls activity emerging during the growing season. Moreover, during the harvest period, we detect an increase in the migration flows throughout the country. However, religious holidays also shape the mobility patterns of the Senegalese people. Hence, in the light of our results, agricultural activity and religious holidays are the primary drivers of mobility inside the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martin-Gutierrez
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Borondo
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A J Morales
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Losada
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A M Tarquis
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R M Benito
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Antón JM, Saa-Requejo A, Grau JB, Gallardo J, Díaz MC, Andina D, Sanchez ME, Tarquis AM. Mathematical decision theory applied to land capability: a case study in the community of madrid. J Environ Qual 2014; 43:763-774. [PMID: 25602677 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In land evaluation science, a standard data set is obtained for each land unit to determine the land capability class for various uses, such as different farming systems, forestry, or the conservation or suitability of a specific crop. In this study, we used mathematical decision theory (MDT) methods to address this task. Mathematical decision theory has been used in areas such as management, finance, industrial design, rural development, the environment, and projects for future welfare to study quality and aptness problems using several criteria. We also review MDT applications in soil science and discuss the suitability of MDT methods for dealing simultaneously with a number of problems. The aim of the work was to show how MDT can be used to obtain a valid land quality index and to compare this with a traditional land capability method. Therefore, an additive classification method was applied to obtain a land quality index for 122 land units that were compiled for a case study of the Community of Madrid, Spain, and the results were compared with a previously assigned land capability class using traditional methods based on the minimum requirements for land attributes.
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Méndez A, Tarquis AM, Saa-Requejo A, Guerrero F, Gascó G. Influence of pyrolysis temperature on composted sewage sludge biochar priming effect in a loamy soil. Chemosphere 2013; 93:668-676. [PMID: 23891257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-rich solid product obtained by the pyrolysis of organic materials. The carbon stability of biochar allows that it can be applied to soil for long-term carbon storage. This carbon stability is greatly influenced by the pyrolysis temperature and the raw material used for biochar production. The aim of the present work is to study the soil carbon sequestration after the application of biochar from sewage sludge (SL) pyrolysis at two different temperatures (400 and 600 °C). For this purpose, soil CO2 emissions were measured for 80 d in an incubation experiment after soil amendment with the SL and each biochar at a dosage of 8 wt%. Biochar reduced the CO2 emissions during incubation between 11% and 32% relative to the SL treatment. The CO2 data were fit to a dual exponential model, and the CO2 emissions were simulated at different times (1, 5 and 10 yr). Additionally, the kinetics of the CO2 evolution from SL, two biochar samples, soil and amended soil were well fit to a dual first-order kinetic model with correlation coefficients greater than 0.93. The simulation of CO2 emissions from the soil by applying the proposed double first-order kinetic model (kg CO2-C ha(-1)) showed a reduction of CO2 emissions between 301 and 932 kg CO2-C ha(-1)with respect to the direct application of raw sewage sludge after 10 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Méndez
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Materiales, E.T.S.I. Minas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Ríos Rosas no. 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
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Tarquis AM, Losada JC, Benito RM, Borondo F. Multifractal analysis of tori destruction in a molecular Hamiltonian system. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:016213. [PMID: 11800774 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.016213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2001] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an analysis of the phase space structure of the isomerizing molecular system LiNC/LiCN, using Poincaré surfaces of section and frequency analysis, is presented. The scaling structure of the frequency map in the chaotic region next to the regular part corresponding to the stable linear isomer LiNC is studied using multifractal analysis. This approach is a way to characterize quantitatively the complexity in the mechanism of the tori destruction in a molecular Hamiltonian system that exhibits soft chaos as the vibrational energy of the system increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tarquis
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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