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Barp L, Višnjevec AM, Moret S. Pressurized Liquid Extraction: A Powerful Tool to Implement Extraction and Purification of Food Contaminants. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102017. [PMID: 37238835 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is considered an advanced extraction technique developed in the mid-1990s with the aim of saving time and reducing solvent with respect to traditional extraction processes. It is commonly used with solid and semi-solid samples and employs solvent extraction at elevated temperatures and pressures, always below the respective critical points, to maintain the solvent in a liquid state throughout the extraction procedure. The use of these particular pressure and temperature conditions changes the physicochemical properties of the extraction solvent, allowing easier and deeper penetration into the matrix to be extracted. Furthermore, the possibility to combine the extraction and clean-up steps by including a layer of an adsorbent retaining interfering compounds directly in the PLE extraction cells makes this technique extremely versatile and selective. After providing a background on the PLE technique and parameters to be optimized, the present review focuses on recent applications (published in the past 10 years) in the field of food contaminants. In particular, applications related to the extraction of environmental and processing contaminants, pesticides, residues of veterinary drugs, mycotoxins, parabens, ethyl carbamate, and fatty acid esters of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol and 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol from different food matrices were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barp
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Sabrina Moret
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Peeters K, Esakkimuthu ES, Tavzes Č, Kramberger K, Miklavčič Višnjevec A. The Potential Value of Debarking Water as a Source of Polyphenolic Compounds for the Specialty Chemicals Sector. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020542. [PMID: 36677601 PMCID: PMC9865099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Forest-based industries produce huge quantities of bark during their primary processing activities. In Nordic pulp and paper industries, where a wet debarking process is used for bark removal, toxic debarking water and bark press water are produced as a by-product. However, polyphenols represent an important fraction of the debarking water and bark press water. These polyphenolic compounds are of commercial interest in chemical specialty sectors since polyphenols have been proven to have diverse health benefits, and after collecting them from waste sources, they can act as alternatives to oil-based chemicals. Determining the economic potential of polyphenolic compounds, identifying their molecular structure, and determining the antioxidant capacity of these compounds present in debarking water and bark can support the identification of their potential applications. The results show that water extractions from bark have a lower efficiency than (partial) alcoholic extractions. Nevertheless, a considerable amount of low-molecular polyphenolic compounds, which are of interest for high-end applications, was found in all extracts. Bark press water has a highly versatile range of polyphenolic compounds and showed some antioxidant activity, making it a great source for the collection of polyphenolic compounds, in contrast to debarking water, which had a much lower polyphenolic content and low antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Peeters
- InnoRenew CoE, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | | | - Črtomir Tavzes
- InnoRenew CoE, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Katja Kramberger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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Baker PW, Višnjevec AM, Krienke D, Preskett D, Schwarzkopf M, Charlton A. Pilot scale extraction of protein from cold and hot-pressed rapeseed cake: Preliminary studies on the effect of upstream mechanical processing. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Miklavčič Višnjevec A, Tamayo Tenorio A, Steenkjær Hastrup AC, Hansen NML, Peeters K, Schwarzkopf M. Glucosinolates and Isothiocyantes in Processed Rapeseed Determined by HPLC-DAD-qTOF. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112548. [PMID: 34834911 PMCID: PMC8622084 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are well known as natural antimicrobials and anticarcinogenic agents. However, these compounds can lose their properties and transform into antinutrients, depending on processing conditions. In addition, the bitterness of some glucosinolate in rapeseed meal can affect the likability of the final product. Therefore, it is important to identify and determine each glucosinolate and its derived form, not just the total glucosinolate content, in order to evaluate the potential of the final rapeseed protein product. This study provides a comprehensive report of the types and quantities of glucosinolates and their derived forms (isothiocyanates) associated with different rapeseed processing conditions. Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates were determined by HPLC-DAD-qTOF. In our study, the enzymatic degradation of glucosinolates by myrosinase was the main factor affecting either glucosinolate or isothiocyanate content. Other factors such as pH seemed to influence the concentration and the presence of glucosinolates. In addition, process parameters, such as extraction time and separation technology, seemed to affect the amount and type of isothiocyanates in the final protein extracts. Overall, both determined intact glucosinolates and their derived forms of isothiocyanates can give different types of biological effects. More studies should be performed to evaluate the impact of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Angelica Tamayo Tenorio
- Center for Bioresources, AgroTech, Danish Technological Institute Gregersensvej, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; (A.T.T.); (A.C.S.H.); (N.M.L.H.)
| | - Anne Christine Steenkjær Hastrup
- Center for Bioresources, AgroTech, Danish Technological Institute Gregersensvej, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; (A.T.T.); (A.C.S.H.); (N.M.L.H.)
| | - Natanya Majbritt Louie Hansen
- Center for Bioresources, AgroTech, Danish Technological Institute Gregersensvej, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; (A.T.T.); (A.C.S.H.); (N.M.L.H.)
| | - Kelly Peeters
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (K.P.); (M.S.)
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Matthew Schwarzkopf
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (K.P.); (M.S.)
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
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Peeters K, Miklavčič Višnjevec A, Esakkimuthu ES, Schwarzkopf M, Tavzes Č. The Valorisation of Olive Mill Wastewater from Slovenian Istria by Fe 3O 4 Particles to Recover Polyphenolic Compounds for the Chemical Specialties Sector. Molecules 2021; 26:6946. [PMID: 34834035 PMCID: PMC8622678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil production using three-phase decanter systems creates olive oil and two by-products: olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and pomace. These by-products contain the highest share of polyphenolic compounds that are known to be associated with beneficial effects on human health. Therefore, they are an attractive source of phenolic compounds for further industrial use in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The use of these phenolics is limited due to difficulties in recovery, high reactivity, complexity of the OMWW matrix and different physiochemical properties of phenolic compounds. This research, focused on OMWW, was performed in two phases. First, different polyphenol extraction methods were compared to obtain the method that yields the highest polyphenol concentration. Twenty-five phenolic compounds and their isomers were determined. Acidifying OMWW, followed by five minutes of ultrasonication, resulted in the highest measured polyphenol content of 27 mg/L. Second, the collection of polyphenolic compounds from OMWW via adsorption on unmodified iron (II, III) oxide particles was investigated. Although low yields were obtained for removed polyphenolic compounds in one removal cycle, the process has a high capability to be repeated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Peeters
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (E.S.E.); (M.S.); (Č.T.)
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Primorska, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia;
| | | | - Matthew Schwarzkopf
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (E.S.E.); (M.S.); (Č.T.)
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Črtomir Tavzes
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (E.S.E.); (M.S.); (Č.T.)
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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Miklavčič Višnjevec A, Baker PW, Peeters K, Schwarzkopf M, Krienke D, Charlton A. HPLC-DAD-qTOF Compositional Analysis of the Phenolic Compounds Present in Crude Tomato Protein Extracts Derived from Food Processing. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216403. [PMID: 34770812 PMCID: PMC8587773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of raw fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes into processed food products creates side streams of residues that can place a burden on the environment. However, these processed residues are still rich in bioactive compounds and in an effort to valorize these materials in tomato by-product streams, the main aim of this study is to extract proteins and identify the main phenolic compounds present in tomato pomace (TP), peel and skins (TPS) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF. Forty different phenolic compounds were identified in the different tomato extracts, encompassing different groups of phenolic compounds, including derivatives of simple phenolic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid, flavones, flavonones, flavonol, and dihydrochalcone. In the crude protein extract (TPE) derived from tomatoes, most of these compounds were still present, confirming that valuable phenolic compounds were not degraded during food processing of these co-product streams. Moreover, phenolic compounds present in the tomato protein crude extract could provide a valuable contribution to the required daily intake of phenolics that are usually supplied by consuming fresh vegetables and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia;
| | - Paul W. Baker
- The Biocomposites Centre, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK;
| | - Kelly Peeters
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.P.); (M.S.)
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Matthew Schwarzkopf
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.P.); (M.S.)
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Dominik Krienke
- GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH, Werner-Habig-Straße 1, 59302 Oelde, Germany;
| | - Adam Charlton
- The Biocomposites Centre, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Kramberger K, Barlič-Maganja D, Bandelj D, Baruca Arbeiter A, Peeters K, Miklavčič Višnjevec A, Jenko Pražnikar Z. HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Comparison of the Hydroalcoholic and Water Extracts from Two Helichrysum italicum Species. Metabolites 2020; 10:E403. [PMID: 33053777 PMCID: PMC7600872 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean plant Helichrysum italicum represents a rich source of versatile bioactive compounds with potential benefits for human health. Despite extensive research on the plant's active constituents, little attention has yet been paid to characterizing the relationship between its intra-specific genetic diversity and metabolite profile. The study aimed to determine metabolic profile of H. italicum ssp. italicum (HII) and ssp. tyrrhenicum (HIT) cultivated on the experimental plantation in Slovenia and to compare the chemical composition of extracts regarding the solvent extraction process. Extracts were prepared upon conventional extract preparation procedures: maceration with 50 % methanol or ethanol and cold or hot water infusion and analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection-Electrospray Ionization-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS). One hundred compounds were identified in the samples, among them several isomers and derivatives were reported for the first time, while caffeoylquinic acids and pyrones were the most abundant. Semi-quantitative comparison revealed that the extraction procedure had a greater impact on the chemical profile than genetic variability. All HIT extracts showed a higher total phenolic content compared to HII, while the antioxidant potential evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil test was not proportionally higher. In addition, hot water extracts proved to be comparably active as alcoholic ones, confirming high commercial potential of Helichrysum italicum as herbal functional beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kramberger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (D.B.-M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Barlič-Maganja
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (D.B.-M.)
| | - Dunja Bandelj
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (D.B.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Alenka Baruca Arbeiter
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (D.B.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Kelly Peeters
- InnoRenew CoE, 6310 Izola, Slovenia;
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (D.B.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Zala Jenko Pražnikar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (D.B.-M.)
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Miklavčič Višnjevec A, Schwarzkopf M. Phenolic Compounds in Poorly Represented Mediterranean Plants in Istria: Health Impacts and Food Authentication. Molecules 2020; 25:E3645. [PMID: 32785191 PMCID: PMC7466117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are well-known bioactive compounds in plants that can have a protective role against cancers, cardiovascular diseases and many other diseases. To promote local food development, a comprehensive overview of the phenolic compounds' composition and their impact on human health from typical Mediterranean plants such as Punica granatum L., Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Arbutus unedo L., Celtis australis L., Ficus carica L., Cynara cardunculus var. Scolymus L. is provided. Moreover, the potential use of these data for authenticity determination is discussed. Some of the plants' phenolic compounds and their impact to human health are very well determined, while for others, the data are scarce. However, in all cases, more data should be available about the content, profile and health impacts due to a high variation of phenolic compounds depending on genetic and environmental factors. Quantifying variation in phenolic compounds in plants relative to genetic and environmental factors could be a useful tool in food authentication control. More comprehensive studies should be conducted to better understand the importance of phenolic compounds on human health and their variation in certain plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Glagoljaška 8, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Primorska, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia;
| | - Matthew Schwarzkopf
- Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Glagoljaška 8, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Primorska, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia;
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
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Miklavčič Višnjevec A, Baruca Arbeiter A, Hladnik M, Ota A, Skrt M, Butinar B, Nečemer M, Krapac M, Ban D, Bučar-Miklavčič M, Poklar Ulrih N, Bandelj D. An Integrated Characterization of Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Grown in the North Adriatic Region. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 57:17-28. [PMID: 31316273 PMCID: PMC6600307 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.01.19.5910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) has favourable horticultural properties including adaptation to arid conditions, abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as positive impact on human health. The present study describes the characterization of genetic diversity of the germplasm of jujube from the Istrian peninsula, the determination of important chemical compounds, antioxidative properties in relation to antibacterial and antifungal activities of jujube fruit extracts, and the determination of nutritional properties of jujube fruit. The results of the genetic analysis showed that most of the samples from the Istrian peninsula belong to two recently introduced varieties, 'Li' and 'Lang', and the most widespread local variety 'Navadna žižola'. The local variety has smaller fruit than the ‘Li’ and ‘Lang’ varieties, with thick and fleshy mesocarp. Chemical analysis indicated that fruits of the local variety contained a valuable source of dietary fibre ((9.7±0.6) g/100 g) and were rich in minerals such as (in g/100 g dry mass): potassium (829±51), calcium (177±11) and phosphorus (129±19). Aqueous extracts showed slight antibacterial activity, while ethanol extracts had higher mass fractions of phenolic compounds (expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), 5.8-8.7 mg/g) than the aqueous extracts, but did not show antimicrobial activity. Compounds other than phenolic compounds in jujube fruit may be more biologically active. Based on the results of these analyses, the local Istrian jujube variety is a promising candidate for cultivation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Baruca Arbeiter
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Hladnik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ajda Ota
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Skrt
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Butinar
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Marijan Nečemer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marin Krapac
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Ul. Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Dean Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Ul. Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | | | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dunja Bandelj
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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Barbone F, Rosolen V, Mariuz M, Parpinel M, Casetta A, Sammartano F, Ronfani L, Vecchi Brumatti L, Bin M, Castriotta L, Valent F, Little DL, Mazej D, Snoj Tratnik J, Miklavčič Višnjevec A, Sofianou K, Špirić Z, Krsnik M, Osredkar J, Neubauer D, Kodrič J, Stropnik S, Prpić I, Petrović O, Vlašić-Cicvarić I, Horvat M. Prenatal mercury exposure and child neurodevelopment outcomes at 18 months: Results from the Mediterranean PHIME cohort. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 222:9-21. [PMID: 30057028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurotoxicity due to acute prenatal exposure to high-dose of mercury (Hg) is well documented. However, the effect of prenatal exposure to low Hg levels on child neurodevelopment and the question about "safety" of fish-eating during pregnancy remain controversial. International comparisons of Hg concentrations in mother-child biological samples and neurodevelopmental scores embedded in birth cohort studies may provide useful evidence to explore this issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Mediterranean (Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, and Greece) cohort study included 1308 mother-child pairs enrolled in the Public Health Impact of long-term, low-level, Mixed Element exposure in a susceptible population EU Sixth Framework Programme (PHIME). Maternal hair and venous blood, cord blood and breast milk samples were collected, and total Hg (THg) levels were measured. Demographic and socioeconomic information, lifestyles and nutritional habits were collected through questionnaires at different phases of follow-up. Children at 18 months of age underwent neurodevelopmental testing using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III). Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were performed, for each country, to assess the association between THg and BSID-III scores, obtaining adjusted β coefficients and odds ratios (ORs). These values were used to conduct a meta-analysis, to explore possible heterogeneity among countries and to obtain combined estimates of the association between THg exposure and BSID-III scores. RESULTS Median THg (ng/g) was: 704 in maternal hair, 2.4 in maternal blood, 3.6 in cord blood, and 0.6 in breast milk. THg concentrations were highest in Greece and lowest in Slovenia. BSID-III neurodevelopmental scores were higher in Croatia and Slovenia. The meta-analysis of multivariate linear models found an overall positive association between language composite score and receptive communication scaled score and increasing THg in maternal hair (n = 1086; β = 0.55; 95%CI: 0.05-1.05 and n = 1075; β = 0.12; 95%CI: 0.02-0.22, respectively). The meta-analysis of logistic regression models showed that the overall adjusted OR between THg in cord blood and suboptimal gross motor score was borderline significant (n = 882; OR = 1.03; 95%CI: 1.00-1.07). Heterogeneity was found across the four sub-cohorts for language composite score in maternal blood, and for fine motor scaled score in cord blood and breast milk. Language composite score and THg concentrations in maternal venous blood were positively related (n = 58; β = 4.29; CI95% (-0.02, 8.60)) in Croatia and an increase of 1 ng/g of THg in maternal venous blood was associated with a reduced risk for children to fall in the lowest quintile of language score by 31% (n = 58; OR = 0.69; CI 95%: 0.37, 1.01). The comparison of β coefficients obtained by multiple linear regression model showed an inverse association between fine motor score and THg concentrations in cord blood for Croatia (n = 54; β = -0.53; CI 95%: -1.10, 0.04) and Slovenia (n = 225; β = -0.25; CI 95%: -0.49, -0.01). In Slovenia THg level in breast milk was associated with suboptimal fine motor performance (n = 195; OR = 5.25; CI 95%: 1.36, 21.10). CONCLUSIONS This study showed an inverse relation between THg levels and developmental motor scores at 18 months, although the evidence was weak and partially internally and externally inconsistent. No evidence of detrimental effects of THg was found for cognitive and language outcomes at these concentrations and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Barbone
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria, 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Valentina Rosolen
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, via Colugna 50, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Marika Mariuz
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, via Colugna 50, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, via Colugna 50, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Anica Casetta
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, via Colugna 50, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Francesca Sammartano
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, via Colugna 50, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria, 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Liza Vecchi Brumatti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria, 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Maura Bin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria, 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luigi Castriotta
- Institute of Hygiene and Clinical Epidemiology Academic Hospital of Udine, via Colugna 50, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Francesca Valent
- Institute of Hygiene and Clinical Epidemiology Academic Hospital of Udine, via Colugna 50, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - D'Anna Latesha Little
- Azienda per I'Assistenza Sanitaria n. 5 Friuli Occidentale, via Piave 54 33170 Pordenone (PN), Italy.
| | - Darja Mazej
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39 SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39 SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39 SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Katia Sofianou
- Institute of Child Health, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Thivon & Papadiamantopoulou, Goudi, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
| | - Zdravko Špirić
- Green Infrastructure Ltd., Fallerovo Setaliste 22, 10.000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | - Jana Kodrič
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Igor Prpić
- The Clinical Hospital Center of Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Oleg Petrović
- The Clinical Hospital Center of Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | | | - Milena Horvat
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39 SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39 SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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11
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Višnjevec AM, Ota A, Skrt M, Butinar B, Možina SS, Cimerman NG, Nečemer M, Arbeiter AB, Hladnik M, Krapac M, Ban D, Bučar-Miklavčič M, Ulrih NP, Bandelj D. Genetic, Biochemical, Nutritional and Antimicrobial Characteristics of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.)
Grown in Istria. Food Technol Biotechnol 2017; 55:151-163. [PMID: 28867945 PMCID: PMC5569353 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.55.02.17.4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterises the genetic variability of local pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) germplasm from the Slovenian and Croatian areas of Istria. The bioactive components and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of ethanol and water extracts of different parts of pomegranate fruit were also determined, along with their preliminary nutritional characterisation. Twenty-six different genotypes identified with microsatellite analysis indicate the great diversity of pomegranate in Istria. The pomegranate fruit ethanol extracts represent rich sources of phenolic compounds (mean value of the mass fraction in exocarp and mesocarp expressed as gallic acid is 23 and 16 mg/g, respectively). The ethanol extracts of pomegranate exocarp and mesocarp showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Exophiala dermatitidis and Staphylococcus aureus, and the same water extracts against S. aureus and Escherichia coli. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report of the characterisation of pomegranate genetic resources from Istria at different levels, including the molecular, chemical, antimicrobial and nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ajda Ota
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Skrt
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Butinar
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Gunde Cimerman
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CipKeBiP),
Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marijan Nečemer
- ‘Jožef Stefan’ Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Baruca Arbeiter
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Hladnik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Marin Krapac
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Ul. Karla Huguesa 8, HR-52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Dean Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Ul. Karla Huguesa 8, HR-52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | | | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dunja Bandelj
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
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12
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Ota A, Višnjevec AM, Vidrih R, Prgomet Ž, Nečemer M, Hribar J, Cimerman NG, Možina SS, Bučar-Miklavčič M, Ulrih NP. Nutritional, antioxidative, and antimicrobial analysis of the Mediterranean hackberry ( Celtis australis L.). Food Sci Nutr 2016; 5:160-170. [PMID: 28070327 PMCID: PMC5217915 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Celtis australis is a deciduous tree commonly known as Mediterranean hackberry or the European nettle tree. The fruit of hackberry are seldom used for nutritional purposes. The nutritional and physicochemical properties of ripe hackberry fruit from Istria (Marasi village near Vrsar, Croatia) were determined, including water, total fiber, protein, vitamin, mineral, and phenolic contents. This analysis demonstrates that the hackberry fruit is a valuable source of dietary fiber, protein, and vitamins, and of pigments such as lutein, β‐carotene, zeaxanthin, and tocopherols. The seasonal differences associated with the different growth stages for the element composition, total phenolic content, and phenolic profile were also determined for hackberry mesocarp and leaves. Water and ethanol extracts were prepared from mesocarp and leaves harvested at different growth stages and their phenolic profiles and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated. This study demonstrates that water and ethanol extracts of hackberry fruit and leaves collected at different growth stages contain epicatechin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde, delphinidin‐3,5‐di‐O‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3,5‐di‐O‐glucoside, and pelargonidin‐3,5‐di‐O‐glucoside. They also show some antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Further studies are needed to identify and define the active ingredients of these hackberry leaf ethanol extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Ota
- Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Science and Research Centre of Koper University of Primorska Zelena ulica 8 Izola SI-6310 Slovenia
| | - Rajko Vidrih
- Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Željko Prgomet
- Agricultural Department in Poreč University of Rijeka Carla Huguesa 6 Poreč Croatia
| | - Marijan Nečemer
- Institute Jožef Stefan Jamova cesta 39 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Janez Hribar
- Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Nina Gunde Cimerman
- Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia; Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP) Jamova cesta 39 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Milena Bučar-Miklavčič
- Science and Research Centre of Koper University of Primorska Zelena ulica 8 Izola SI-6310 Slovenia
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia; Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP) Jamova cesta 39 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
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13
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Višnjevec AM, Kocman D, Horvat M. Human mercury exposure and effects in Europe. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:1259-70. [PMID: 24375779 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of human exposure to mercury (Hg) and its compounds in Europe have been the focus of numerous studies that differed in their design, including recruiting different population groups at different levels of exposure and using different protocols and recruitment strategies. The objective of the present study was to review current studies of Hg exposure in Europe, taking into account the potential routes of Hg exposure, actual Hg exposure levels assessed by different biomarkers, and the effects of Hg to Europeans. All published studies from 2000 onward were reviewed, and exposure and effects studies were compared with known Hg levels in environmental compartments by mapping the various population groups studied and taking into account known sources of Hg. A study of the spatial distribution trends confirmed that the highest exposure levels to Hg, mostly as methylmercury (MeHg), are found in coastal populations, which consume more fish than inland populations. Fewer studies addressed exposure to elemental Hg through inhalation of Hg in air and inorganic Hg in food, particularly in highly contaminated areas. Overall, at the currently low exposure levels of Hg prevalently found in Europe, further studies are needed to confirm the risk to European populations, taking into consideration exposure to various Hg compounds and mixtures of stressors with similar end-points, nutritional status, and a detailed understanding of Hg in fish present in European markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Department of Environmental Sciences, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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