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Mancuso F, Lage S, Rasero J, Díaz-Ramón JL, Apraiz A, Pérez-Yarza G, Ezkurra PA, Penas C, Sánchez-Diez A, García-Vazquez MD, Gardeazabal J, Izu R, Mujika K, Cortés J, Asumendi A, Boyano MD. Serum markers improve current prediction of metastasis development in early-stage melanoma patients: a machine learning-based study. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1705-1718. [PMID: 32485045 PMCID: PMC7400797 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis development represents an important threat for melanoma patients, even when diagnosed at early stages and upon removal of the primary tumor. In this scenario, determination of prognostic biomarkers would be of great interest. Serum contains information about the general status of the organism and therefore represents a valuable source for biomarkers. Thus, we aimed to define serological biomarkers that could be used along with clinical and histopathological features of the disease to predict metastatic events on the early‐stage population of patients. We previously demonstrated that in stage II melanoma patients, serum levels of dermcidin (DCD) were associated with metastatic progression. Based on the relevance of the immune response on the cancer progression and the recent association of DCD with local and systemic immune response against cancer cells, serum DCD was analyzed in a new cohort of patients along with interleukin 4 (IL‐4), IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17A, interferon γ (IFN‐γ), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐ β), and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). We initially recruited 448 melanoma patients, 323 of whom were diagnosed as stages I‐II according to AJCC. Levels of selected cytokines were determined by ELISA and Luminex, and obtained data were analyzed employing machine learning and Kaplan–Meier techniques to define an algorithm capable of accurately classifying early‐stage melanoma patients with a high and low risk of developing metastasis. The results show that in early‐stage melanoma patients, serum levels of the cytokines IL‐4, GM‐CSF, and DCD together with the Breslow thickness are those that best predict melanoma metastasis. Moreover, resulting algorithm represents a new tool to discriminate subjects with good prognosis from those with high risk for a future metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Mancuso
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Sergio Lage
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Rasero
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - José Luis Díaz-Ramón
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Aintzane Apraiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Gorka Pérez-Yarza
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Pilar Ariadna Ezkurra
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Cristina Penas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Diez
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Gardeazabal
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Rosa Izu
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karmele Mujika
- Department of Medical Oncology, Onkologikoa Hospital, Donostia, Spain.,Biodonostia Institute, Donostia, Spain
| | - Jesús Cortés
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Aintzane Asumendi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - María Dolores Boyano
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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Sevilla A, Morales MC, Ezkurra PA, Rasero J, Velasco V, Cancho-Galan G, Sánchez-Diez A, Mujika K, Penas C, Smith I, Asumendi A, Cortés JM, Boyano MD, Alonso S. BRAF V600E mutational load as a prognosis biomarker in malignant melanoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230136. [PMID: 32168325 PMCID: PMC7069620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing the mutational load of driver mutations in melanoma could provide valuable information regarding its progression. We aimed at analyzing the heterogeneity of mutational load of BRAF V600E in biopsies of melanoma patients of different stages, and investigating its potential as a prognosis factor. Mutational load of BRAF V600E was analyzed by digital PCR in 78 biopsies of melanoma patients of different stages and 10 nevi. The BRAF V600E load was compared among biopsies of different stages. Results showed a great variability in the load of V600E (0%-81%). Interestingly, we observed a significant difference in the load of V600E between the early and late melanoma stages, in the sense of an inverse correlation between BRAF V600E mutational load and melanoma progression. In addition, a machine learning approach showed that the mutational load of BRAF V600E could be a good predictor of metastasis in stage II patients. Our results suggest that BRAF V600E is a promising biomarker of prognosis in stage II patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrate Sevilla
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - M. Celia Morales
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Pilar A. Ezkurra
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Javier Rasero
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Verónica Velasco
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Goikoane Cancho-Galan
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Diez
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karmele Mujika
- Department of Oncology, Onkologikoa Hospital, Donostia, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cristina Penas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Isabel Smith
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Aintzane Asumendi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Cortés
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Ikerbasque: The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Boyano
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Santos Alonso
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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