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Ceci F, Di Carlo F, Burkauskas J, Salone A, De Luca I, Cicconcelli D, Giorgetti V, La Fratta I, Todaro A, Simonato P, Martinotti G, di Giannantonio M, Corazza O. Physical Activity and Exercise Addiction During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Italy. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-21. [PMID: 35469185 PMCID: PMC9020546 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe restrictive measures were implemented globally to limit the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic leading to significant lifestyle changes and impacting on both the physical and the mental health of citizens. Caught by the fear of getting sick, some individuals have adopted behaviors which favored the development of exercise addiction (EA). Our aim was to evaluate physical activity habits and the risk of EA in the general Italian population during phase 1 of the lockdown. The role of appearance anxiety (AA), self-compassion, and use of performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) as predictors of EA development were investigated. A comparison between physically active subjects with the inactive ones was also included. Between April and May 2020, an online survey was conducted across Italy. Nine hundred thirty-six answers were collected. The rate of EA in the physically active sample (782 subjects) was 4.1%. The physically active group showed higher SCS scores and a greater use of PIEDs. Of the physically active participants, 84.2% reported variations in their fitness routine. Perceived benefit of exercising resulted significantly higher in those with EA. Subjects with EA reported stronger motivation in engaging in physical activity as for "physical wellness," "psychological well-being," and "sexual attractiveness and confidence in relationship." A higher level of AA, a lower level of self-compassion, and a higher perceived benefit of exercising during lockdown were all significant predictors for the presence of EA. Our findings suggest that the fear of getting sick from Covid-19, combined with radical changes in the lifestyles induced by the lockdown and individual personological characteristics, can favor the development of EA and related phenomena in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Ceci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Carlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Anatolia Salone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria De Luca
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Dorotea Cicconcelli
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Valentina Giorgetti
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Irene La Fratta
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Pierluigi Simonato
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Massimo di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ornella Corazza
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Ricci V, Ceci F, Di Carlo F, Lalli A, Ciavoni L, Mosca A, Sepede G, Salone A, Quattrone D, Fraticelli S, Maina G, Martinotti G. Cannabis use disorder and dissociation: A report from a prospective first-episode psychosis study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109118. [PMID: 34688166 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is the most used recreational drug worldwide. Its use can increase the risk of developing psychotic disorders and exacerbate their course. However, the relationship between cannabis use and dissociative symptoms has been scarcely investigated. AIMS To examine differences in psychotic and dissociative symptoms, and in functioning in first-episode psychotic patients (FEPp) using cannabis compared with those not using cannabis. METHODS Between January 2014 and December 2019, seventy FEPp with cannabis use disorder (N = 35) and without it (N = 35) were recruited in psychiatric inpatient facilities in the Italian regions of Lazio and Piemonte. All subjects were assessed at FEP, after 4 and 8 months, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and the Dissociative Experiences Scale - II (DES-II). Detailed information on the pattern of cannabis and other substance use were collected. RESULTS FEP using cannabis showed higher levels of positive symptomatology, dissociative experiences and worse functioning than their non-user counterpart, despite a comparable antipsychotic treatment. At an eight-month prospective evaluation, FEP using cannabis still showed higher levels of positive symptomatology and dissociation. Moreover, global functioning worsened over time in FEPp using cannabis, whereas it improved those not using it. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that a greater degree of dissociation and positive symptoms at FEPp and their persistence over time may characterise cannabis-associated psychosis. Both these factors might explain the overall functioning worsening over time that we observed in the cannabis-user group compared to the functioning improvement in the non-user group.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ricci
- San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - F Ceci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - F Di Carlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Lalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Ciavoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Mosca
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Sepede
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Salone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - D Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Memory Ln, London SE5 8AF, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Fraticelli
- DSM PIPSM ASL ROMA 1, Via Plinio, 31, 00193 Roma
| | - G Maina
- San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - G Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy; Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
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Di Cosmo G, Costantini M, Ambrosini E, Salone A, Martinotti G, Corbo M, Di Giannantonio M, Ferri F. Body-environment integration: Temporal processing of tactile and auditory inputs along the schizophrenia continuum. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 134:208-214. [PMID: 33418447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
According to the dimensional approach to psychosis, there is a continuum from low schizotypy to schizophrenia patients. The temporal aspect of sensory processing seems to be compromised across such continuum, as suggested by different studies separately investigating unisensory or multisensory domains. Most of these studies have so far focused primarily on the temporal processing of visual and auditory stimuli, either in schizotypy or schizophrenia, while leaving the tactile domain and the integration of touch with other senses mostly unexplored. Given the relevance of body-related perceptual abnormalities for psychosis proneness, we aimed at filling this gap in the literature across two studies. We asked participants with increasing levels of schizotypy (study 1) and schizophrenia patients (study 2) to perform three simultaneity judgement tasks: a unimodal tactile task, a unimodal auditory task and a bimodal audio-tactile task. Each task allowed estimating a simultaneity range (SR), as a proxy of the individual tolerance to asynchronies in the tactile, auditory and audio-tactile domains, respectively. Results showed larger SRs as the level of schizotypy increases. Specifically, the linear effect of schizotypy levels on the audio-tactile task was stronger than on the auditory task, which in turn was greater than the effect on the tactile task (study 1). Differently, schizophrenia patients showed larger SRs than controls in all the three tasks (study 2). The current study is the first empirical investigation across the continuum from low schizotypy to schizophrenia of the tolerance to asynchronies in the processing of external (auditory) and body-related (tactile) inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Di Cosmo
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marcello Costantini
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Anatolia Salone
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariangela Corbo
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Costantini M, Salone A, Martinotti G, Fiori F, Fotia F, Di Giannantonio M, Ferri F. Body representations and basic symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 222:267-273. [PMID: 32461087 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia report a wide range of anomalous body experiences. According to the basic symptom model of schizophrenia, disturbances of body perception and awareness are among the most powerful predictors of the changes in the subjective experience of the self in schizophrenia. In this study we first investigated the body structural representation (BSR), a specific aspect of body awareness, and its association to basic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Using a finger localization task, we found that patients are significantly less accurate than healthy controls when asked to identify pairs of fingers touched by the experimenter, when the hand is hidden from view. Most importantly, patients' performance at the finger localization task was negatively associated to basic symptoms: the worse the individual accuracy, the higher the SPI-A total score. Moreover, the accuracy at the finger localization task was also negatively correlated with the malleability of the sense of body ownership: the less the individual ability to localize fingers, the stronger the rubber hand illusion. These results are in agreement with the idea that self-disorders in schizophrenia reveal a disconnectedness that can be regarded as a problem of disembodiment and traced back to abnormal body experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Costantini
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anatolia Salone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Fotia
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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di Giannantonio M, Northoff G, Salone A. Editorial: The Interface between Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience: the State of the Art. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:199. [PMID: 32581745 PMCID: PMC7283447 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anatolia Salone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Di Cosmo G, Costantini M, Salone A, Martinotti G, Di Iorio G, Di Giannantonio M, Ferri F. Peripersonal space boundary in schizotypy and schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:589-590. [PMID: 29269210 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Di Cosmo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti 60100, Italy
| | - Marcello Costantini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti 60100, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Chieti 60100, Italy
| | - Anatolia Salone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti 60100, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Chieti 60100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti 60100, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Chieti 60100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Iorio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti 60100, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Chieti 60100, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti 60100, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Chieti 60100, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
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Ebisch SJH, Gallese V, Salone A, Martinotti G, di Iorio G, Mantini D, Perrucci MG, Romani GL, Di Giannantonio M, Northoff G. Disrupted relationship between "resting state" connectivity and task-evoked activity during social perception in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 193:370-376. [PMID: 28735643 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been described as a self-disorder, whereas social deficits are key features of the illness. Changes in "resting state" activity of brain networks involved in self-related processing have been consistently reported in schizophrenia, but their meaning for social perception deficits remains poorly understood. Here, we applied a novel approach investigating the relationship between task-evoked neural activity during social perception and functional organization of self-related brain networks during a "resting state". "Resting state" functional MRI was combined with task-related functional MRI using a social perception experiment. Twenty-one healthy control participants (HC) and 21 out-patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (SCH) were included. There were no significant differences concerning age, IQ, education and gender between the groups. Results showed reduced "resting state" functional connectivity between ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex in SCH, compared to HC. During social perception, neural activity in dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and behavioral data indicated impaired congruence coding of social stimuli in SCH. Task-evoked activity during social perception in dorsal posterior cingulate cortex co-varied with dorsal posterior cingulate cortex-ventromedial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity during a "resting state" in HC, but not in SCH. Task-evoked activity also correlated with negative symptoms in SCH. These preliminary findings, showing disrupted prediction of social perception measures by "resting state" functioning of self-related brain networks in schizophrenia, provide important insight in the hypothesized link between self and social deficits. They also shed light on the meaning of "resting state" changes for tasks such as social perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J H Ebisch
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Gallese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39E, 43125 Parma, Italy; Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
| | - Anatolia Salone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; University of Hertfordshire, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Clinical Sciences, Herts, UK
| | - Giuseppe di Iorio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Dante Mantini
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mauro Gianni Perrucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Romani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Georg Northoff
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research & University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 145 Carling Avenue, Rm. 6435, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada; Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Vellante F, Sarchione F, Ebisch SJH, Salone A, Orsolini L, Marini S, Valchera A, Fornaro M, Carano A, Iasevoli F, Martinotti G, De Berardis D, Di Giannantonio M. Creativity and psychiatric illness: A functional perspective beyond chaos. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:91-100. [PMID: 28689007 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vellante
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", Asl 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabiola Sarchione
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sjoerd J H Ebisch
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anatolia Salone
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Orsolini
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.; Villa S. Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Ascoli Piceno, Italy; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Stefano Marini
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Michele Fornaro
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYPSI), Columbia University, NYC, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Carano
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "Maria SS del Soccorso", San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.; Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", Asl 4, Teramo, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Corbo M, Di Cosmo G, Ferri F, Salone A, Carlesi D, Centofanti M, Cipollone F, Costantini M, Di Iorio G, Martinotti G, di Giannantonio M. Peripersonal space and schizophrenia: Looking for the self boundaries. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionPeripersonal space has been defined as the area immediately surrounding the body in which interactions with a person or an object can occur. Larger peripersonal space may reflect discomfort in close interpersonal situation or cognitive deficit. Individuals with schizophrenia are more sensitive to social stimulation. The capacity to provide accurate judgments of peripersonal space boundaries depend on the capacity to create an organized and structured mental representation that integrates signals from different sensory modalities and brain regions.ObjectivesWe conducted a study on personal space in patients with schizophrenia using a paradigm that was not affected by emotional and social interference.AimsWe aimed to investigate the characteristics of personal space in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsWe recruited 20 schizophrenic patients according to DSM-V criterion and 20 healthy volunteers, matched by gender and age. Schizophrenic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Participants performed the peripersonal space (PPS) task. Collected data underwent statistical analyses.ResultsSchizophrenic patients demonstrate a stronger/weaker need for personal space, than the comparison group, depending on the score of negative and positive symptom, as assessed by using the PANSS even without emotional and social interference.ConclusionsInterpersonal interactions between the individual with schizophrenia and people in their immediate environment can lead to increased symptomatology. Social isolation is one of the most primary causes of poor quality of life in mental illnesses. Better understanding of the mechanisms for abnormal interactive behavior could provide significant valid guidelines for innovating intervention programs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Ebisch SJH, Salone A, Martinotti G, Carlucci L, Mantini D, Perrucci MG, Saggino A, Romani GL, Di Giannantonio M, Northoff G, Gallese V. Integrative Processing of Touch and Affect in Social Perception: An fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:209. [PMID: 27242474 PMCID: PMC4861868 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social perception commonly employs multiple sources of information. The present study aimed at investigating the integrative processing of affective social signals. Task-related and task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 26 healthy adult participants during a social perception task concerning dynamic visual stimuli simultaneously depicting facial expressions of emotion and tactile sensations that could be either congruent or incongruent. Confounding effects due to affective valence, inhibitory top-down influences, cross-modal integration, and conflict processing were minimized. The results showed that the perception of congruent, compared to incongruent stimuli, elicited enhanced neural activity in a set of brain regions including left amygdala, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and left superior parietal cortex. These congruency effects did not differ as a function of emotion or sensation. A complementary task-related functional interaction analysis preliminarily suggested that amygdala activity depended on previous processing stages in fusiform gyrus and PCC. The findings provide support for the integrative processing of social information about others' feelings from manifold bodily sources (sensory-affective information) in amygdala and PCC. Given that the congruent stimuli were also judged as being more self-related and more familiar in terms of personal experience in an independent sample of participants, we speculate that such integrative processing might be mediated by the linking of external stimuli with self-experience. Finally, the prediction of task-related responses in amygdala by intrinsic functional connectivity between amygdala and PCC during a task-free state implies a neuro-functional basis for an individual predisposition for the integrative processing of social stimulus content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J H Ebisch
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Anatolia Salone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Carlucci
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Dante Mantini
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, OxfordUK; Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Mauro G Perrucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Aristide Saggino
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Romani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Georg Northoff
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research & University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vittorio Gallese
- Section of Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, University of ParmaParma, Italy; Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of LondonLondon, UK
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Salone A, Di Giacinto A, Lai C, De Berardis D, Iasevoli F, Fornaro M, De Risio L, Santacroce R, Martinotti G, Giannantonio MD. The Interface between Neuroscience and Neuro-Psychoanalysis: Focus on Brain Connectivity. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:20. [PMID: 26869904 PMCID: PMC4737882 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the advent of advanced techniques has significantly enhanced our knowledge on the brain. Yet, our understanding of the physiological and pathological functioning of the mind is still far from being exhaustive. Both the localizationist and the reductionist neuroscientific approaches to psychiatric disorders have proven to be largely unsatisfactory and are outdated. Accruing evidence suggests that psychoanalysis can engage the neurosciences in a productive and mutually enriching dialogue that may further our understanding of psychiatric disorders. In particular, advances in brain connectivity research have provided evidence supporting the convergence of neuroscientific findings and psychoanalysis and helped characterize the circuitry and mechanisms that underlie higher brain functions. In the present paper we discuss how knowledge on brain connectivity can impact neuropsychoanalysis, with a particular focus on schizophrenia. Brain connectivity studies in schizophrenic patients indicate complex alterations in brain functioning and circuitry, with particular emphasis on the role of cortical midline structures (CMS) and the default mode network (DMN). These networks seem to represent neural correlates of psychodynamic concepts central to the understanding of schizophrenia and of core psychopathological alterations of this disorder (i.e., ego disturbances and impaired primary process thinking).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolia Salone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies-ITAB, University G. d'AnnunzioChieti-Pescara, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, University G. d'AnnunzioChieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Giacinto
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies-ITAB, University G. d'AnnunzioChieti-Pescara, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, University G. d'AnnunzioChieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- Institute of Psychiatry, University G. d'AnnunzioChieti-Pescara, Italy; National Health Service (NHS), Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini"Teramo, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Luisa De Risio
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Santacroce
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies-ITAB, University G. d'AnnunzioChieti-Pescara, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, University G. d'AnnunzioChieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies-ITAB, University G. d'AnnunzioChieti-Pescara, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, University G. d'AnnunzioChieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies-ITAB, University G. d'AnnunzioChieti-Pescara, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, University G. d'AnnunzioChieti-Pescara, Italy
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Ebisch SJH, Mantini D, Northoff G, Salone A, De Berardis D, Ferri F, Ferro FM, Di Giannantonio M, Romani GL, Gallese V. Altered brain long-range functional interactions underlying the link between aberrant self-experience and self-other relationship in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:1072-82. [PMID: 24191160 PMCID: PMC4133668 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Self-experience anomalies are elementary features of schizophrenic pathology. Such deficits can have a profound impact on self-other relationship, but how they are related through aberrant brain function remains poorly understood. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we provide new evidence for a cortical link between aberrant self-experience and social cognition in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). As identified in previous studies, ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) and posterior insula (pIC) are candidate brain regions underlying disturbances in both self-experience and self-other relationship due to their processing of predominantly externally guided (vPMC; goal-oriented behavior) and internally guided (pIC; interoception) stimuli. Results from functional interaction analysis in a sample of 24 FES patients and 22 healthy controls show aberrant functional interactions (background/intrinsic connectivity) of right vPMC and bilateral pIC with posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a midline region that has been shown central in mediating self-experience. More specifically, our results show increased functional coupling between vPMC and PCC, which positively correlated with basic symptoms (subjective self-experience disturbances). pIC showed reduced functional coupling with PCC and postcentral gyrus and increased functional interactions with anterior insula. Taken together, our results suggest an imbalance in the processing between internally and externally guided information and its abnormal integration with self-referential processing as mediated by PCC. Due to our correlation findings, we suggest this imbalance to be closely related to basic symptoms in FES and thus anomalous self-experience. The findings further disentangle the cortical basis of how self-experience anomalies may pervade the social domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J H Ebisch
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio Foundation, Chieti, Italy;
| | - Dante Mantini
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anatolia Salone
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- National Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment and Hospital "G. Mazzini," ASL 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Filippo M Ferro
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gian L Romani
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittorio Gallese
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Physiology, Parma University, Parma, Italy; Italian Institute of Technology, Brain Center for Social and Motor Cognition, Parma, Italy
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De Berardis D, Fornaro M, Serroni N, Olivieri L, Marini S, Moschetta FS, Srinivasan V, Assetta M, Valchera A, Salone A, Martinotti G, Onofrj M, Di Giannantonio M. Agomelatine treatment of major depressive disorder in Parkinson's disease: a case series. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 25:343-5. [PMID: 24247862 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is among the most frequent comorbidities occurring in the course of Parkinson's disease (PD), and therefore, most PD patients receive antidepressant drugs. Agomelatine is a recently introduced antidepressant drug acting as an MT1/MT2 melatonergic receptor agonist and 5HT2C/5HT2B serotonergic antagonist. The aim of this case series was to evaluate the role of agomelatine in the treatment of MDD associated with PD.
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Martinotti G, Lupi M, Sarchione F, Santacroce R, Salone A, De Berardis D, Serroni N, Cavuto M, Signorelli M, Aguglia E, Valchera A, Iasevoli F, Di Giannantonio M. The potential of pregabalin in neurology, psychiatry and addiction: a qualitative overview. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 19:6367-74. [PMID: 23782139 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant drug that binds to the α₂δ (alpha2delta) subunit of the voltage-dependent calcium channel in central nervous system (CNS). Pregabalin decreases the release of neurotransmitters, including glutamate, norepinephrine, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Purpose of this paper is to offer a qualitative overview of the studies currently available in literature about this drug, examining the effectiveness of pregabalin in its various fields of application. Our analysis, conducted on a final selection of 349 scientific papers, shows that pregabalin may help to reduce pain in diabetic neuropathy, in post-herpetic neuralgia and in some patients affected by fibromyalgia. It is also effective for the treatment of diverse types of seizures and has similar efficacy to benzodiazepines and venlafaxine in anxiety disorder. Moreover, pregabalin may be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of alcohol abuse, in both withdrawal phase and relapse prevention. Possible implications in the treatment of benzodiazepines dependence are emerging, but a potential abuse or misuse of the drug has also been reported. Range of dosage may fluctuate considerably, from 75 mg to 600 mg per day. Further studies are needed to completely understand pregabalin mechanism of action in the different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martinotti
- National Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, "G. Mazzini" Hospital, p.zza Italia 1, 64100 Teramo (Italy).
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Ferri F, Costantini M, Salone A, Ebisch S, De Berardis D, Mazzola V, Arciero G, Ferro FM, Di Giannantonio M, Romani GL, Gallese V. Binding action and emotion in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychopathology 2014; 47:394-407. [PMID: 25277690 DOI: 10.1159/000366133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Several components of social cognition are compromised in schizophrenia (SCZ) from the early stage of the illness. In this study we first investigated whether mirror neuron-driven embodied simulation (mnES) is altered in first-episode SCZ. Second, we tested whether emotional cues impact on the mnES in SCZ patients. METHODS Twenty-two SCZ patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) observed goal-related actions in either a neutral or emotional context during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. RESULTS Observation of neutral action elicited a lower activity in the frontoparietal network in SCZ patients, as compared to HCs. Particularly, activation in the left inferior parietal lobule in response to the same condition negatively correlated with patients' self-experience disturbances. Moreover, observation of an action performed by an angry agent produced poorer neural activity in the right anterior insula in SCZ patients as compared to HCs. This difference was mostly due to the negative β-values shown by SCZ patients, which positively correlated with their empathy scores. No differences were found contingent upon the observation of an action performed by a happy agent. CONCLUSION Our results show that emotional cues allow SCZ patients to partially recover mnES. However, their understanding of the emotional components of the actions of others will likely remain deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferri
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
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Ferri F, Frassinetti F, Mastrangelo F, Salone A, Ferro FM, Gallese V. Bodily self and schizophrenia: The loss of implicit self-body knowledge. Conscious Cogn 2012; 21:1365-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ferri F, Salone A, Ebisch SJ, De Berardis D, Romani GL, Ferro FM, Gallese V. Action verb understanding in first-episode schizophrenia: Is there evidence for a simulation deficit? Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:988-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ebisch SJH, Salone A, Ferri F, De Berardis D, Romani GL, Ferro FM, Gallese V. Out of touch with reality? Social perception in first-episode schizophrenia. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2012; 8:394-403. [PMID: 22275166 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Social dysfunction has been recognized as an elementary feature of schizophrenia, but it remains a crucial issue whether social deficits in schizophrenia concern the inter-subjective domain or primarily have their roots in disturbances of self-experience. Social perception comprises vicarious processes grounding an experiential inter-relationship with others as well as self-regulation processes allowing to maintain a coherent sense of self. The present study investigated whether the functional neural basis underlying these processes is altered in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Twenty-four FES patients and 22 healthy control participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a social perception task requiring them to watch videos depicting other individuals' inanimate and animate/social tactile stimulations, and a tactile localizer condition. Activation in ventral premotor cortex for observed bodily tactile stimulations was reduced in the FES group and negatively correlated with self-experience disturbances. Moreover, FES patients showed aberrant differential activation in posterior insula for first-person tactile experiences and observed affective tactile stimulations. These findings suggest that social perception in FES at a pre-reflective level is characterized by disturbances of self-experience, including impaired multisensory representations and self-other distinction. However, the results also show that social perception in FES involves more complex alterations of neural activation at multiple processing levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J H Ebisch
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G d'Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini 33, 66013 Chieti, CH, Italy.
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Ebisch SJH, Ferri F, Salone A, Perrucci MG, D'Amico L, Ferro FM, Romani GL, Gallese V. Differential Involvement of Somatosensory and Interoceptive Cortices during the Observation of Affective Touch. J Cogn Neurosci 2011; 23:1808-22. [PMID: 20666597 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that the observation of other individuals' somatosensory experiences also activates brain circuits processing one's own somatosensory experiences. However, it is unclear whether cortical regions involved with the elementary stages of touch processing are also involved in the automatic coding of the affective consequences of observed touch and to which extent they show overlapping activation for somatosensory experiences of self and others. In order to investigate these issues, in the present fMRI study, healthy participants either experienced touch or watched videos depicting other individuals' inanimate and animate/social touch experiences. Essentially, a distinction can be made between exteroceptive and interoceptive components of touch processing, involved with physical stimulus characteristics and internal feeling states, respectively. Consistent with this distinction, a specific negative modulation was found in the posterior insula by the mere visual perception of other individuals' social or affective cutaneous experiences, compared to neutral inanimate touch. On the other hand, activation in secondary somatosensory and posterior superior temporal regions, strongest for the most intense stimuli, seemed more dependent on the observed physical stimulus characteristics. In contrast to the detected vicarious activation in somatosensory regions, opposite activation patterns for the experience (positive modulation) and observation (negative modulation) of touch suggest that the posterior insula does not reflect a shared representation of self and others' experiences. Embedded in a distributed network of brain regions underpinning a sense of the bodily self, the posterior insula rather appears to differentiate between self and other conditions when affective experiences are implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J. H. Ebisch
- 1G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 3G. d'Annunzio Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro Gianni Perrucci
- 1G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 3G. d'Annunzio Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi D'Amico
- 1G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luca Romani
- 1G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 3G. d'Annunzio Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittorio Gallese
- 2Parma University, Parma, Italy
- 4Brain Center for Social and Motor Cognition, Parma, Italy
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Ferri F, Costantini M, Ebisch SJ, Salone A, Arciero G, Mazzola V, Ferro FM, Romani GL, Gallese V. Modulation of the mirror system for action observation by emotional faces: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ebisch S, Ferri F, Salone A, d'Amico L, Perrucci M, Romani G, Ferro F, Gallese V. Modulation of activation in multimodal sensory-motor regions by the observation of meaningful touch: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Gambi F, Reale M, Iarlori C, Salone A, Toma L, Paladini C, De Luca G, Feliciani C, Salvatore M, Salerno RM, Theoharides TC, Conti P, Exton M, Gambi D. Alzheimer patients treated with an AchE inhibitor show higher IL-4 and lower IL-1 beta levels and expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004; 24:314-21. [PMID: 15118486 DOI: 10.1097/01.jcp.0000125683.74595.2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluates the expression and production of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with Alzheimer disease treated or not treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, which enhances neuronal transmission. Cytokines associated with brain inflammation such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha have been implicated in the regulation of amyloid peptide protein synthesis. The anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4, may suppress the activity of IL-1beta. Patients were assessed for clinical and immunologic features at baseline and after 1 month of treatment with Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with and without phytohemagglutinin stimulation. IL-1beta and IL-4 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of cytokines in peripheral mononuclear cells. Compared with untreated patients and healthy control subjects, IL-1beta levels and expression decreased in Alzheimer disease patients treated with Donepezil (P < 0.001). In contrast, IL-4 levels and expression were significantly higher in Alzheimer patients treated with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. This increment was observed in both unstimulated and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gambi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Oncology and Neuroscience, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
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Reale M, Iarlori C, Gambi F, Feliciani C, Salone A, Toma L, DeLuca G, Salvatore M, Conti P, Gambi D. Treatment with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer patients modulates the expression and production of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 148:162-71. [PMID: 14975597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2003] [Revised: 10/27/2003] [Accepted: 11/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of cytokines have been detected in brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and altered peripheral levels of IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IL-6 have been reported in these patients. We studied the ability of PBMC from patients with AD, matched with a control group, to release pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the effect of AChEI treatment on cytokine release. Our data indicates that AChEI treatment down-regulates IL-1, IL-6 and TNF, and up-regulates the expression and production of IL-4 in PBMC in AD patients, and that AChEI leads to the remodelling of the cytokine network, probably acting on the lymphocytic cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Reale
- Immunology Unit, Department of Oncology and Neuroscience, University UD'A, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy
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