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Guo W, Bi SS, Wang WW, Zhou M, Neves ALA, Degen AA, Guan LL, Long RJ. Maternal rumen and milk microbiota shape the establishment of early-life rumen microbiota in grazing yak calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2054-2070. [PMID: 36710176 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Early-life gut microbial colonization and development exert a profound impact on the health and metabolism of the host throughout the life span. The transmission of microbes from the mother to the offspring affects the succession and establishment of the early-life rumen microbiome in newborns, but the contributions of different maternal sites to the rumen microbial establishment remain unclear. In the present study, samples from different dam sites (namely, oral, rumen fluid, milk, and teat skin) and rumen fluid of yak calves were collected at 6 time points between d 7 and 180 postpartum to determine the contributions of the different maternal sites to the establishment of the bacterial and archaeal communities in the rumen during early life. Our analysis demonstrated that the dam's microbial communities clustered according to the sites, and the calves' rumen microbiota resembled that of the dam consistently regardless of fluctuations at d 7 and 14. The dam's rumen microbiota was the major source of the calves' rumen bacteria (7.9%) and archaea (49.7%) compared with the other sites, whereas the potential sources of the calf rumen microbiota from other sites varied according to the age. The contribution of dam's rumen bacteria increased with age from 0.36% at d 7 to 14.8% at d 180, whereas the contribution of the milk microbiota showed the opposite trend, with its contribution reduced from 2.7% at d 7 to 0.2% at d 180. Maternal oral archaea were the main sources of the calves' rumen archaea at d 14 (50.4%), but maternal rumen archaea became the main source gradually and reached 66.2% at d 180. These findings demonstrated the potential microbial transfer from the dam to the offspring that could influence the rumen microbiota colonization and establishment in yak calves raised under grazing regimens, providing the basis for future microbiota manipulation strategies during their early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, International Centre of Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - S S Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, International Centre of Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - W W Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - M Zhou
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - A L A Neves
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A A Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410500, Israel
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - R J Long
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, International Centre of Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Neves ALA, Yu J, Suzuki Y, Baez-Magana M, Arutyunova E, O'Hara E, McAllister T, Ominski KH, Lemieux MJ, Guan LL. Accelerated discovery of novel glycoside hydrolases using targeted functional profiling and selective pressure on the rumen microbiome. Microbiome 2021; 9:229. [PMID: 34814938 PMCID: PMC8609826 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) form the most widespread and structurally diverse set of enzymes involved in the breakdown, biosynthesis, or modification of lignocellulose that can be found in living organisms. However, the structural diversity of CAZymes has rendered the targeted discovery of novel enzymes extremely challenging, as these proteins catalyze many different chemical reactions and are sourced by a vast array of microbes. Consequently, many uncharacterized members of CAZyme families of interest have been overlooked by current methodologies (e.g., metagenomic screening) used to discover lignocellulolytic enzymes. RESULTS In the present study, we combined phenotype-based selective pressure on the rumen microbiota with targeted functional profiling to guide the discovery of unknown CAZymes. In this study, we found 61 families of glycoside hydrolases (GH) (out of 182 CAZymes) from protein sequences deposited in the CAZy database-currently associated with more than 20,324 microbial genomes. Phenotype-based selective pressure on the rumen microbiome showed that lignocellulolytic bacteria (e.g., Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus) and three GH families (e.g., GH11, GH13, GH45) exhibited an increased relative abundance in the rumen of feed efficient cattle when compared to their inefficient counterparts. These results paved the way for the application of targeted functional profiling to screen members of the GH11 and GH45 families against a de novo protein reference database comprised of 1184 uncharacterized enzymes, which led to the identification of 18 putative xylanases (GH11) and three putative endoglucanases (GH45). The biochemical proof of the xylanolytic activity of the newly discovered enzyme validated the computational simulations and demonstrated the stability of the most abundant xylanase. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to the discovery of novel enzymes for the breakdown, biosynthesis, or modification of lignocellulose and demonstrate that the rumen microbiome is a source of promising enzyme candidates for the biotechnology industry. The combined approaches conceptualized in this study can be adapted to any microbial environment, provided that the targeted microbiome is easy to manipulate and facilitates enrichment for the microbes of interest. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L A Neves
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2P5, Canada
| | - Jiangkun Yu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2P5, Canada
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608589, Japan
| | - Marisol Baez-Magana
- Centro Multisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnologia, Facultad de Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, 58893, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Elena Arutyunova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Eóin O'Hara
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2P5, Canada
| | - Tim McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J4P4, Canada
| | - Kim H Ominski
- Department of Animal Science & National Centre for Livestock and the Environment (NCLE), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2P5, Canada.
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Song Y, Li F, Fischer-Tlustos AJ, Neves ALA, He Z, Steele MA, Guan LL. Metagenomic analysis revealed the individualized shift in ileal microbiome of neonatal calves in response to delaying the first colostrum feeding. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8783-8797. [PMID: 34024606 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of colostrum feeding time on the ileal microbiome of neonatal calves. In this study, 22 male Holstein calves were randomly assigned to different colostrum feeding time treatments: after birth (at 45 min, n = 7); at 6 h after birth (n = 8); and at 12 h after birth (TRT12h; n = 7). At 51 h after birth, calves were killed and ileum digesta was collected for microbiome analysis using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, and viruses were identified from the ileum microbiome. For the bacteriome, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, and Escherichia, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus were the 3 most abundant genera. For the archaeal community, Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota were the 2 major phyla, and Methanosarcina, Methanobrevibacter, and Methanocorpusculum were the 3 most abundant genera. In total, 116 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were identified from the ileal microbiome, with "biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics," "biosynthesis of ansamycins," "valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis," "ribosome," and "d-alanine metabolism" as the top 5 functions. When the ileal microbiomes were compared among the 3 treatments, the relative abundance of Enterococcus was higher in TRT12h calves, suggesting that calves may have a higher abundance of opportunistic pathogens when the feeding of colostrum is delayed for 12 h. Moreover, among all KEGG pathways, the enriched "taurine and hypotaurine metabolism" (KO00430) pathway was identified in the ileal microbiome of TRT12h calves; however, future studies are needed to understand the effect on the host. Additionally, 2 distinct ileal microbial profiles were identified across all samples, indicating that that host factors may play a significant role in driving varied microbiome changes in response to colostrum feeding time. Whether such microbiome shifts affect long-term gut function and calf performance warrants future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, P. R. China 028000; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G2P5; Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, Tongliao, P. R. China 028000
| | - F Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G2P5
| | - A J Fischer-Tlustos
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G2W1
| | - A L A Neves
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G2P5; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gr⊘nnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Z He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China 410125
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G2W1.
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G2P5.
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Abstract
Ruminant production systems face significant challenges currently, driven by heightened awareness of their negative environmental impact and the rapidly rising global population. Recent findings have underscored how the composition and function of the rumen microbiome are associated with economically valuable traits, including feed efficiency and methane emission. Although omics-based technological advances in the last decade have revolutionized our understanding of host-associated microbial communities, there remains incongruence over the correct approach for analysis of large omic data sets. A global approach that examines host/microbiome interactions in both the rumen and the lower digestive tract is required to harness the full potential of the gastrointestinal microbiome for sustainable ruminant production. This review highlights how the ruminant animal production community may identify and exploit the causal relationships between the gut microbiome and host traits of interest for a practical application of omic data to animal health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eóin O'Hara
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada; , ,
| | - André L A Neves
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada; , ,
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada; , , .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China 028000;
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada; , ,
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