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Vidal-Diniz AT, Guimarães HN, Garcia GM, Braga ÉM, Richard S, Grabe-Guimarães A, Mosqueira VCF. Polyester Nanocapsules for Intravenous Delivery of Artemether: Formulation Development, Antimalarial Efficacy, and Cardioprotective Effects In Vivo. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245503. [PMID: 36559869 PMCID: PMC9786304 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemether (ATM) is an effective antimalarial drug that also has a short half-life in the blood. Furthermore, ATM is also cardiotoxic and is associated with pro-arrhythmogenic risks. We aimed to develop a delivery system enabling the prolonged release of ATM into the blood coupled with reduced cardiotoxicity. To achieve this, we prepared polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) from different biodegradable polyesters, namely poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA), poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), and surface-modified NCs, using a monomethoxi-polyethylene glycol-block-poly(D,L-lactide) (PEG5kDa-PLA45kDa) polymer. Using this approach, we were able to encapsulate high yields of ATM (>85%, 0−4 mg/mL) within the oily core of the NCs. The PCL-NCs exhibited the highest percentage of ATM loading as well as a slow release rate. Atomic force microscopy showed nanometric and spherical particles with a narrow size dispersion. We used the PCL NCs loaded with ATM for biological evaluation following IV administration. As with free-ATM, the ATM-PCL-NCs formulation exhibited potent antimalarial efficacy using either the “Four-day test” protocol (ATM total at the end of the 4 daily doses: 40 and 80 mg/kg) in Swiss mice infected with P. berghei or a single low dose (20 mg/kg) of ATM in mice with higher parasitemia (15%). In healthy rats, IV administration of single doses of free-ATM (40 or 80 mg/kg) prolonged cardiac QT and QTc intervals and induced both bradycardia and hypotension. Repeated IV administration of free-ATM (four IV doses at 20 mg/kg every 12 h for 48 h) also prolonged the QT and QTc intervals but, paradoxically, induced tachycardia and hypertension. Remarkably, the incorporation of ATM in ATM-PCL-NCs reduced all adverse effects. In conclusion, the encapsulation of ATM in biodegradable polyester NCs reduces its cardiovascular toxicity without affecting its antimalarial efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Teixeira Vidal-Diniz
- School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Homero Nogueira Guimarães
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Giani Martins Garcia
- School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Érika Martins Braga
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Sylvain Richard
- CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve 371, Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, CEDEX 05, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (V.C.F.M.)
| | - Andrea Grabe-Guimarães
- School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira
- School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (V.C.F.M.)
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Ramos JP, Abdel-Salam MAL, Nobre DAB, Glanzmann N, de Souza CP, Leite EA, de Abreu Teles PP, Barbosa AS, Barcelos LS, Dos Reis DC, Cassali GD, de Lima ME, de Castro QJT, Grabe-Guimarães A, da Silva AD, de Souza-Fagundes EM. Acute toxicity and antitumor potential of 1,3,4-trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazole dhmtAc-loaded liposomes on a triple-negative breast cancer model. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200004. [PMID: 35621705 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, compounds developed from the 1,2,3-triazole scaffold were evaluated as novel drugs to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Four organic salts were idealized as nonclassical bioisosteres of miltefosine, which is used in the topical treatment for skin metastasizing breast carcinoma. Among them, derivative dhmtAc displayed better solubility and higher cytotoxicity against the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line and mouse 4T1 cell lines, which are representatives of TNBC. In vitro assays revealed that dhmtAc interferes with cell integrity, confirmed by lactate dehydogenase leakage. Due to its human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) toxicity, dhmtAc in vivo studies were carried out with the drug incorporated in a long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposome (SpHL-dhmtAc), and the acute toxicity in BALB/c mice was determined. Free dhmtAc displayed cardiac and pulmonary toxicity after the systemic administration of 5 mg/kg doses. On the other hand, SpHL-dhmtAc displayed no toxicity at 20 mg/kg. The in vivo antitumor effect of SpHL-dhmtAc was investigated using the 4T1 heterotopic murine model. Intravenous administration of SpHL-dhmtAc reduced the tumor volume and weight, without interfering with the body weight, compared with the control group and the dhmtAc free form. The incorporation of the triazole compound in the liposome allowed the demonstration of its anticancer potential. These findings evidenced 1,3,4-trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazole as a promising scaffold for the development of novel drugs with applicability for the treatment of patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas P Ramos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mostafa A L Abdel-Salam
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel A B Nobre
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Glanzmann
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Camila P de Souza
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elaine A Leite
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro P de Abreu Teles
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alan S Barbosa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciola S Barcelos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Diego C Dos Reis
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Geovanni D Cassali
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria E de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina-Biomedicina, Faculdade Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Quênia J T de Castro
- Departamento de Farmácia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Andrea Grabe-Guimarães
- Departamento de Farmácia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Adilson D da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Dias BV, Gomes SV, da Cruz Castro ML, Carvalho LCF, Breguez GS, de Souza DMS, de Oliveira Ramos C, Sant'Ana MR, Nakandakari SCBR, Araujo CM, Grabe-Guimarães A, Talvani A, Carneiro CM, Cintra DEC, Costa DC. EPA/DHA AND LINSEED OIL HAVE DIFFERENT EFFECTS ON LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE IN RATS FED WITH A HIGH-FAT DIET. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 159:106622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Paula Junior WD, Freitas CSD, Lima Neto FFD, Santana NA, Soares NZD, Fonseca VLM, Nascimento RCRMD, Grabe-Guimarães A. Immune response in acute respiratory syndrome induced by the new coronavirus. ABCS Health Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.7322/abcshs.2020256.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family Coronaviridae, which are enveloped and have a single-stranded RNA genome. The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the seventh known coronavirus that can infect humans and cause serious illness, such as acute respiratory syndrome. The coronaviruses already identified have contributed to the understanding of the clinical manifestations caused by SARS-CoV-2, as well as their associations with the immune system. The aim of the present study was to carry out a narrative review of the literature on the host's immune response to infection by the new coronavirus. The review contains basic and summarized information on the main mechanisms involved in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. The characteristics of the infection were considered according to the following: from the initial contact with the host through binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2); the recognition of the pathogen by innate immunity cells; its containment mechanisms, including the production of effector cytokines and chemokines important in the development of the inflammatory process; and the participation of the complement system until the activation of the adaptive immune response. The probable occurrence of a host dysfunctional immune response and the escape mechanisms of the virus were also addressed. Despite numerous studies on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, knowledge about the host's immune response in COVID-19 is not fully understood. The present work established the relationship between the new coronavirus and the immune system, but further studies are needed for all the mechanisms of the process to be elucidated.
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Paula-Júnior WD, Nascimento RCRMD, Matiles RS, Lima-Neto FFD, Leles MCR, Guimarães HN, Grabe-Guimarães A. COVID-19 in medium-sized municipalities in the 14 health macro-regions of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e11191. [PMID: 34431872 PMCID: PMC8389611 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the scenario of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, from March 2020 to March 2021. We evaluated the evolution of COVID-19 prevalence and death in one municipality from each of the 14 health macro-regions of MG state. Socio-demographic characteristics and variables related to the municipalities were analyzed. The raw dataset used in this study was freely sourced from the website Brasil.io. From the raw dataset, two time series were extracted: the cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 and cumulative death counts, and they were compared to the state data using a nowcasting approach. In order to make time series comparisons possible, all data was normalized per 100,000 inhabitants. When analyzing in light of colored wave code interventions initiated in August 2020 in MG, for the majority of the municipalities, there was an absence of clear influence on prevalence and deaths. The national holidays in the first semester of 2020 had a small impact on the COVID-19 prevalence of the municipalities, but the holidays in the second semester of 2020 and beginning of 2021 caused important impacts on COVID-19 prevalence. The low number of ICU beds in some municipalities contributed to the higher number of deaths. The analysis showed here is expected to contribute to the improvement of decision making of the MG government, as it opened a huge possibility to have the total macro-regions and state data analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W de Paula-Júnior
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - R C R M do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - R S Matiles
- Faculdade de Ciências Gerenciais, Manhuaçu, MG, Brasil
| | - F F de Lima-Neto
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - M C R Leles
- Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Campus Alto Paraopeba, Ouro Branco, MG, Brasil
| | - H N Guimarães
- Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - A Grabe-Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
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Tomaz de Castro QJ, Araujo CM, Watai PY, de Castro E Silva SS, de Lima WG, Becker LK, Locatelli J, Guimarães HN, Grabe-Guimarães A. Effects of physical exercise combined with captopril or losartan on left ventricular hypertrophy of hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:536-549. [PMID: 33870805 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1907399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an endpoint of hypertensive cardiac alterations. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers are among the most effective on LVH regression. Physical exercise combined to antihypertensive drug contributes to arterial pressure (AP) control and LVH prevention. We evaluated the effects of physical exercise combined to captopril or losartan during eight weeks for spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) on some cardiac parameters.Methods: SHR (n=5-6 per group) were sedentary or trained 5 days a week in treadmill during 8 weeks; and they were treated with daily oral captopril (12.5, 25, or 50mg/kg), losartan (2.5, 5, or 10mg/kg), or vehicle. At the end, it was obtained systolic AP (SAP), electrocardiogram (ECG), and hearts metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity and histology.Results: Captopril 25 and 50 mg/kg, and losartan 10 mg/kg lowered SAP of sedentary and trained SHR. Losartan 5 mg/kg combined with physical exercise also lowered SAP. Combined with exercise, captopril 50 mg/kg lowered 13.6% of QT interval, 14.2% of QTc interval, and 22.8% of Tpeak-Tend compared to sedentary SHR. Losartan 5 and 10mg/kg lowered QT interval of sedentary and trained SHR. Losartan 2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg combined with physical exercise lowered respectively 25.4%, 24.8%, and 31.8% of MMP-2 activity. Losartan (10mg/kg) combined with exercise reduced cardiomyocyte diameter.Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis of physical exercise combined with RAAS blockers could improve the benefits on hypertensive LVH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Morais Araujo
- Pharmaceutical Science Program (CiPharma), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Yoshie Watai
- Pharmaceutical Science Program (CiPharma), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jamille Locatelli
- Sports Center (CEDUFOP), Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Homero Nogueira Guimarães
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte,Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Grabe-Guimarães
- Pharmaceutical Science Program (CiPharma), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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De Paula DCC, Leite EA, Araujo CM, Branquinho RT, Guimarães HN, Grabe-Guimarães A. Caspofungin Effects on Electrocardiogram of Mice: An Evaluation of Cardiac Safety. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 21:93-105. [PMID: 32845461 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Caspofungin is an echinocandin, exhibiting efficacy against most Candida species invasive infection. Its cardiotoxicity was reported in isolated rat heart and ventricular myocytes, but in vivo and clinical studies are insufficient. Our objective was to evaluate caspofungin in vivo cardiac effects using an efficacious dose against Candida albicans. Female Swiss mice were infected with C. albicans, and treated with caspofungin, 5 or 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal along 5 days. Survival rate and colony-forming units (CFU) into vital organs were determined. For cardiac effects study, mice were treated with caspofungin 10 mg/kg, and electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was obtained on C. albicans-infected mice, single dose-treated, and uninfected mice treated along 5 days, both groups to measure ECG intervals. Besides, ECG was also obtained by telemetry on uninfected mice to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. The MIC for caspofungin on the wild-type C. albicans SC5314 strain was 0.3 μg/ml, indicating the susceptible. Survival rate increased significantly in infected mice treated with caspofungin compared to mice treated with vehicle. None of the survived infected mice presented positive CFU after treatment with 10 mg/kg. C. albicans infection induced prolongation of QRS, QT, and QTc intervals; caspofungin did not alter this effect. Caspofungin induced increase of PR and an additional increase of QRS after 24 h of a single dose in infected mice. No significant alterations occurred in ECG intervals and HRV parameters of uninfected mice, after caspofungin treatment. Caspofungin showed in vivo cardiac relative safety maintaining its antifungal efficacy against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cristiane Correa De Paula
- Pharmaceutical Science Program (CiPharma), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Elaine Amaral Leite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina Morais Araujo
- Pharmaceutical Science Program (CiPharma), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Tupinambá Branquinho
- Pharmaceutical Science Program (CiPharma), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Homero Nogueira Guimarães
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Grabe-Guimarães
- Pharmaceutical Science Program (CiPharma), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil.
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Moreira Souza AC, Grabe-Guimarães A, Cruz JDS, Santos-Miranda A, Farah C, Teixeira Oliveira L, Lucas A, Aimond F, Sicard P, Mosqueira VCF, Richard S. Mechanisms of artemether toxicity on single cardiomyocytes and protective effect of nanoencapsulation. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4448-4463. [PMID: 32608017 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The artemisinin derivative, artemether, has antimalarial activity with potential neurotoxic and cardiotoxic effects. Artemether in nanocapsules (NC-ATM) is more efficient than free artemether for reducing parasitaemia and increasing survival of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. NCs also prevent prolongation of the QT interval of the ECG. Here, we assessed cellular cardiotoxicity of artemether and how this toxicity was prevented by nanoencapsulation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were treated with NC-ATM orally (120 mg·kg-1 twice daily) for 4 days. Other mice received free artemether, blank NCs, and vehicle for comparison. We measured single-cell contraction, intracellular Ca2+ transient using fluorescent Indo-1AM Ca2+ dye, and electrical activity using the patch-clamp technique in freshly isolated left ventricular myocytes. The acute effect of free artemether was also tested on cardiomyocytes of untreated animals. KEY RESULTS Artemether prolonged action potentials (AP) upon acute exposure (at 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) of cardiomyocytes from untreated mice or after in vivo treatment. This prolongation was unrelated to blockade of K+ currents, increased Ca2+ currents or promotion of a sustained Na+ current. AP lengthening was abolished by the NCX inhibitor SEA-0400. Artemether promoted irregular Ca2+ transients during pacing and spontaneous Ca2+ events during resting periods. NC-ATM prevented all effects. Blank NCs had no effects compared with vehicle. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Artemether induced NCX-dependent AP lengthening (explaining QTc prolongation) and disrupted Ca2+ handling, both effects increasing pro-arrhythmogenic risks. NCs prevented these adverse effects, providing a safe alternative to the use of artemether alone, especially to treat malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Moreira Souza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program (CiPharma), Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea Grabe-Guimarães
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program (CiPharma), Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jader Dos Santos Cruz
- Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Charlotte Farah
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Liliam Teixeira Oliveira
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program (CiPharma), Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Lucas
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Franck Aimond
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Sicard
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program (CiPharma), Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sylvain Richard
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
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Ferreira SA, Grabe-Guimarães A, Assis NA, Saúde-Guimarães DA. Efeitos anti-inflamatório tópico e antinociceptivo do extrato etanólico de Lychnophora pinaster (Arnica Brasileira). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.29327/226760.1.1-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Amancio GDCS, Grabe-Guimarães A, Haikel D, Moreau J, Barcellos NMS, Lacampagne A, Matecki S, Cazorla O. Effect of pyridostigmine on in vivo and in vitro respiratory muscle of mdx mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017. [PMID: 28624507 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The current work was conducted to verify the contribution of neuromuscular transmission defects at the neuromuscular junction to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy disease progression and respiratory dysfunction. We tested pyridostigmine and pyridostigmine encapsulated in liposomes (liposomal PYR), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to improve muscular contraction on respiratory muscle function in mdx mice at different ages. We evaluated in vivo with the whole-body plethysmography, the ventilatory response to hypercapnia, and measured in vitro diaphragm strength in each group. Compared to C57BL10 mice, only 17 and 22 month-old mdx presented blunted ventilatory response, under normocapnia and hypercapnia. Free pyridostigmine (1mg/kg) was toxic to mdx mice, unlike liposomal PYR, which did not show any side effect, confirming that the encapsulation in liposomes is effective in reducing the toxic effects of this drug. Treatment with liposomal PYR, either acute or chronic, did not show any beneficial effect on respiratory function of this DMD experimental model. The encapsulation in liposomes is effective to abolish toxic effects of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Cássia Sousa Amancio
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, CiPharma, Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Grabe-Guimarães
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, CiPharma, Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Dridi Haikel
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Johan Moreau
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Neila Marcia Silva Barcellos
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, CiPharma, Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan Matecki
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Souza ACM, Grabe-Guimarães A, Souza J, Botacim WE, Almeida TM, Frézard FJG, Silva Barcellos NM. Development and characterization of multilamellar liposomes containing pyridostigmine. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:454-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.795166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ferreira LC, Grabe-Guimarães A, de Paula CA, Michel MCP, Guimarães RG, Rezende SA, de Souza Filho JD, Saúde-Guimarães DA. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Campomanesia adamantium. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 145:100-108. [PMID: 23123269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Campomanesia species are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, anti-diarrheal and hypocholesterolemic. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of ethyl acetate (AE) and aqueous (Aq) extracts from leaves of Campomanesia adamantium and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of AE and its isolated flavonols, myricitrin and myricetin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antinociceptive activity of AE and Aq was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin methods. The in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of AE and Aq was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. AE, myricitrin and myricetin were evaluated for their abilities to modulate the production of NO, TNF-α and IL-10 in LPS/IFN-γ stimulated J774.A1 macrophages. RESULTS It was found that orally administrated AE and Aq (125 and 250 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. AE (125 and 250 mg/kg) and Aq (125 mg/kg) reduced the time to licking at the second phase of the formalin method in vivo in mice. AE (250 mg/kg) and Aq (125 mg/kg) also reduced the number of writhes. AE, myricitrin and myricetin inhibited NO (320 μg/mL and 6.25-100 μM, respectively) and TNF-α production by macrophages (320 μg/mL for AE, 100 μM for myricitrin and 25-100 μM for myricetin). AE (160 and 320 μg/mL), myricitrin (50 and 100 μM) and myricetin (25-100 μM) increased IL-10 production by macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts from Campomanesia adamantium showed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects supporting the use of the plant in folk medicine. The results suggest that anti-oedematogenic effect promoted by aqueous extract involves several anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action. The antinociceptive effect shown by aqueous extract can be due to the modulation of release of inflammatory mediators involved in nociception. The anti-inflammatory effects of AE and of its isolated flavonols may be attributed to inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines production, TNF-α and NO and to the increased of IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidiane C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ferrari FC, Grabe-Guimarães A, Carneiro CM, Souza MRD, Ferreira LC, Oliveira TTD, Saúde-Guimarães DA. Toxicological evaluation of ethanolic extract of Lychnophora trichocarpha, Brazilian arnica. Rev bras farmacogn 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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de Souza MR, de Paula CA, Pereira de Resende ML, Grabe-Guimarães A, de Souza Filho JD, Saúde-Guimarães DA. Pharmacological basis for use of Lychnophora trichocarpha in gouty arthritis: anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory effects of its extract, fraction and constituents. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 142:845-850. [PMID: 22732730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The ethanolic extract of Lychnophora trichocarpha Spreng. is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat bruise, pain and inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed at investigating whether ethanolic extract of L. trichocarpha, its ethyl acetate fraction and its main bioactive compounds could be useful to treat gouty arthritis by countering hyperuricemia and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS L. trichocarpha ethanolic extract (LTE), ethyl acetate fraction from ethanolic extract (LTA) and isolated compounds were evaluated for urate-lowering activity and liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition in oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice. Anti-inflammatory activity in monosodium urate crystal-induced paw oedema, an experimental model of gouty arthritis, was also investigated. RESULTS Crude ethanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction showed significant urate-lowering effects. LTE was also able to significantly inhibit liver xantine oxidase (XOD) activity in vivo at the dose of 250mg/kg. Luteolin, apigenin, lupeol, lychnopholide and eremantholide C showed the anti-hyperuricemic activities among tested compounds. Apigenin also showed XOD inhibitory activity in vivo. Luteolin, lychnopholide, lupeol and eremantholide C, in turn, did not shown significant inhibitory activity towards this enzyme, indicating that this mechanism is not likely to be involved in urate-lowering effects of those compounds. LTE, LTA, lupeol, β-sitosterol, lychnopholide, eremantholide, luteolin and apigenin were also found to inhibit monosodium urate crystals-induced paw oedema in mice. CONCLUSIONS Ethanolic extract of Lychnophora trichocarpha and some of its bioactive compounds may be promising agents for the treatment of gouty arthritis since they possesses both anti-hiperuricemic and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Ribeiro de Souza
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
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Ferrari FC, Ferreira LC, Souza MR, Grabe-Guimarães A, Paula CA, Rezende SA, Saúde-Guimarães DA. Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactones from Lychnophora trichocarpha Spreng. (Brazilian Arnica). Phytother Res 2012; 27:384-9. [PMID: 22619042 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aerial parts of Lychnophora trichocarpha Spreng. (Asteraceae) are used macerated in water or ethanol to treat inflammation, pain, rheumatism, contusions, bruises and insect bites in Brazilian traditional medicine. In this study, anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract from aerial parts of L. trichocarpha and its ethyl acetate fraction was investigated. Sesquiterpene lactones, lychnopholide (Lyc) and eremantholide C (EreC), isolated of ethyl acetate fraction, were also assayed for in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Topical treatment with ointments containing ethanol extract, its ethyl acetate fraction and sesquiterpene lactones significantly reduced carrageenan-induced mice paw oedema. In vitro assays demonstrated that Lyc inhibited interferon -γ/lipopolysaccharide -stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in J774A.1 macrophages and increased production of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine. The reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production by EreC was accompanied by an increased production of IL-10 in a concentration-dependent manner in J774A.1 macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effect of Lyc seems to involve the inhibition of production of NO and increased production of IL-10. The mechanism of the effect of EreC on the reduction of carrageenan-induced paw oedema may be attributed to inhibition of production of TNF-α and stimulation of IL-10 production. The results corroborate the use of ethanol extract from Lychnophora trichocarpha in folk medicine for anti-inflammatory action and indicate that the topical route is suitable for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Ferrari
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Araújo LU, Reis PG, Barbosa LCO, Saúde-Guimarães DA, Grabe-Guimarães A, Mosqueira VCF, Carneiro CM, Silva-Barcellos NM. In vivo wound healing effects of Symphytum officinale L. leaves extract in different topical formulations. Pharmazie 2012; 67:355-360. [PMID: 22570943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present work evaluates wound healing activity of leaves extracts of Symphytum officinale L. (comfrey) incorporated in three pharmaceutical formulations. Wound healing activity of comfrey was determined by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis of open wound in rat model, using allantoin as positive control. Three topical formulations, carbomer gel, glycero-alcoholic solution and O/W emulsion (soft lotion) were compared. The histological analysis of the healing process shows significant differences in treatment, particularly on its intensity and rate. The results indicate that emulsion containing both extracts, commercial and prepared, induced the largest and furthest repair of damaged tissue. This could be evidenced from day 3 to 28 by increase in collagen deposition from 40% to 240% and reduction on cellular inflammatory infiltrate from 3% to 46%. However, 8% prepared extract in emulsion presented the best efficacy. This work clearly demonstrates that comfrey leaves have a wound healing activity. The O/W emulsion showed to be the vehicle most effective to induce healing activity, particularly with extracts obtained from comfrey leaves collected in Minas Gerais state in Brazil. It shows the best efficacy to control the inflammatory process and to induce collagen deposition at 8% concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L U Araújo
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
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Capelari-Oliveira P, Paula CA, Rezende SA, Campos FT, Grabe-Guimarães A, Lombardi JA, Saúde-Guimarães DA. Anti-inflammatory activity of Lychnophora passerina, Asteraceae (Brazilian "Arnica"). J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 135:393-398. [PMID: 21420480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lychnophora passerina (Asteraceae), popularly known as "arnica," is used to treat inflammation, pain, rheumatism, contusions, bruises and insect bites in Brazilian traditional medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory activity of crude ethanolic extract of aerial parts of L. passerina and its ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions had their abilities to modulate the production of NO, TNF-α and IL-10 inflammatory mediators in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated J774.A1 macrophages evaluated. Moreover, the crude ethanolic extract and derived fractions were also in vivo assayed by carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. RESULTS In vitro assays showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity of L. passerina crude ethanolic extract (EE) and its ethyl acetate (A) and methanolic (M) fractions, through the inhibition of production of NO and TNF-α inflammatory mediators and induction of production of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine. In vivo assays showed anti-inflammatory activity for EE 10% ointment, similar to the standard drug diclofenac gel. The A and M fraction ointments 20% presented anti-inflammatory activity. CONCLUSION The results obtained showed that possible anti-inflammatory effects of EE and its A and M fractions may be attributed to inhibition pro-inflammatory cytokines production, TNF-α and NO and to increased IL-10 production. EE, A and M ointments showed topical in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of EE of L. passerina may be related to synergistic effects of different substances in the crude extract. Therefore, traditional use of aerial parts of L. passerina in the inflammatory conditions could be beneficial to treat topical inflammatory conditions, as evidenced by the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Capelari-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Maciel NR, Reis PG, Kato KC, Vidal AT, Guimarães HN, Frézard F, Silva-Barcellos NM, Grabe-Guimarães A. Reduced cardiovascular alterations of tartar emetic administered in long-circulating liposomes in rats. Toxicol Lett 2010; 199:234-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Araújo LU, Grabe-Guimarães A, Mosqueira VCF, Carneiro CM, Silva-Barcellos NM. Profile of wound healing process induced by allantoin. Acta Cir Bras 2010; 25:460-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502010000500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate and characterize the wound healing process profile induced by allantoin incorporated in soft lotion oil/water emulsion using the planimetric and histological methods. METHODS: Female Wistar rats (n=60) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: (C) control group-without treatment; (E) group treated with soft lotion O/W emulsion excipients; (EA) group treated with soft lotion O/W emulsion containing allantoin 5%. The emulsions either containing or not allantoin were topically administered for 14 days and the wound area was evaluated by planimetry and by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis of open wound model. RESULTS: The data which were obtained and analyzed innovate by demonstrating, qualitatively and quantitatively, by histological analysis, the profile of healing process induced by allantoin. The results suggest that the wound healing mechanism induced by allantoin occurs via the regulation of inflammatory response and stimulus to fibroblastic proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. CONCLUSION: This work show, for the first time, the histological wound healing profile induced by allantoin in rats and demonstrated that it is able to ameliorate and fasten the reestablishment of the normal skin.
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Guzzo LS, Saúde-Guimarães DA, Silva ACA, Lombardi JA, Guimarães HN, Grabe-Guimarães A. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extracts of Lychnophora species. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 116:120-124. [PMID: 18155374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from Lychnophora species are traditionally used in Brazil as anti-inflammatory, and to treat bruise, pain and rheumatism. The ethanolic extract of aerial parts of five species of Lychnophoras and one specie of Lychnophoriopsis were examined for the antinociceptive (hot-plate and writhing tests) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced paw oedema test) activity in mice, by oral and topical routes, respectively. In the hot-plate test, the Lychnophora pinaster (0.75 g/kg) and Lychnophora ericoides (1.50 g/kg) extracts significantly increased the time for licking of the paws. The species Lychnophora passerina, Lychnophoriopsis candelabrum and Lychnophora pinaster, using the dose of 0.75 g/kg, and Lychnophora ericoides and Lychnophora trichocarpha in both doses evaluated (0.75 and 1.50 g/kg) significantly reduced the number of writhes induced by acetic acid. The administration of Lychnophora pinaster and Lychnophora trichocarpha ointments, in both concentrations evaluated (5 and 10%, w/w), and Lychnophora passerina and Lychnophoriopsis candelabrum, in the concentration of 10%, significantly reduced the paw oedema measured 3 h after carrageenan administration, suggesting, for the first time, an anti-inflammatory activity upon topical administration of these species. The present work comparatively demonstrated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of some Brazilian Lychnophoras.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Guzzo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Leite EA, Grabe-Guimarães A, Guimarães HN, Machado-Coelho GLL, Barratt G, Mosqueira VCF. Cardiotoxicity reduction induced by halofantrine entrapped in nanocapsule devices. Life Sci 2007; 80:1327-34. [PMID: 17303179 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 10/28/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the reduction in halofantrine (Hf) toxicity, an antimalarial drug frequently associated with QT interval prolongation in electrocardiogram, by its entrapment in poly-epsilon-caprolactone nanocapsules (NC). The acute lethal dose (LD(100)) of Hf.HCl experimentally observed was 200 mg/kg whereas the calculated LD(50) was 154 mg/kg. In contrast, the LD(100) for Hf-NC was 300 mg/kg with a longer mean time to death than Hf.HCl. The calculated LD(50) was 249 mg/kg for Hf-NC. The Hf entrapped in PCL NC presented a greater efficacy than PLA-PEG NC and than Hf solution in P. berghei-infected mice at 1 mg/kg. The cardiovascular parameters, ECG and arterial blood pressure, were evaluated in anaesthetized Wistar rats after the IV administration of a single, especially high dose (100 and 150 mg/kg) of halofantrine base loaded-nanocapsules (Hf-NC) or halofantrine chlorhydrate (Hf.HCl) solution. It was observed that Hf solution caused prolongation of the QT and PR intervals of the ECG; however, this effect was significantly (P<0.001) reduced when Hf was administered entrapped in nanocapsules. The treatment with Hf.HCl induced a pronounced bradycardia and severe hypotension leading to death. The effect of Hf-NC upon heart rate was reduced from 58 to 75% for 100 and 150 mg/kg, respectively, when compared with Hf.HCl solution. These findings show that the encapsulation of halofantrine reduces the QT interval prolongation of ECG in rats and suggest that a modification of drug distribution was possible by using nanocapsules. Hf encapsulation was the main factor responsible for the significant reduction in cardiac toxicity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Amaral Leite
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, ICEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Grabe-Guimarães A, Alves LM, Tibiriçá E, Nóbrega AC. Pyridostigmine blunts the increases in myocardial oxygen demand elicited by the stimulation of the central nervous system in anesthetized rats. Clin Auton Res 1999; 9:83-9. [PMID: 10225612 DOI: 10.1007/bf02311764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to verify the effect of pyridostigmine bromide, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, on the increases in cardiac work and myocardial oxygen demand produced by central sympathetic stimulation in pentobarbital-anesthetized Wistar rats. The pharmacological stimulation of the central nervous system with L-glutamate (1 mg/kg, intracerebroventricular) elicited marked increases in arterial pressure, dP/dt(max), rate-pressure product, and triple product, reproducing the cardiovascular alterations observed during physical effort and stressful situations. The oral administration of pyridostigmine bromide (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) 2 hours before central stimulation blunted the increases in mean arterial pressure, dP/dt(max), and triple product elicited by glutamate (29, 28 and 57% for 5 mg/kg; 26, 23 and 46% for 10 mg/kg and 19, 17 and 37% for 20 mg/kg, respectively) when compared to the control group (41, 49 and 106%, respectively; p < 0.05). Our results also showed that the activity of plasmatic cholinesterase was effectively inhibited by pyridostigmine bromide. In conclusion, the increases in endogenous acetylcholine induced by cholinesterase inhibition blunted the centrally-evoked increases in myocardial oxygen demand in anesthetized rats. This effect could represent a cardioprotective action in a situation of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grabe-Guimarães
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacodinâmica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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