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Tserevelakis GJ, Theocharis A, Spyropoulou S, Trantas E, Goumas D, Ververidis F, Zacharakis G. Hybrid Autofluorescence and Optoacoustic Microscopy for the Label-Free, Early and Rapid Detection of Pathogenic Infections in Vegetative Tissues. J Imaging 2023; 9:176. [PMID: 37754940 PMCID: PMC10532063 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9090176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in food security and food security is challenged by pests and pathogens. Due to these challenges, the yields and quality of agricultural production are reduced and, in response, restrictions in the trade of plant products are applied. Governments have collaborated to establish robust phytosanitary measures, promote disease surveillance, and invest in research and development to mitigate the impact on food security. Classic as well as modernized tools for disease diagnosis and pathogen surveillance do exist, but most of these are time-consuming, laborious, or are less sensitive. To that end, we propose the innovative application of a hybrid imaging approach through the combination of confocal fluorescence and optoacoustic imaging microscopy. This has allowed us to non-destructively detect the physiological changes that occur in plant tissues as a result of a pathogen-induced interaction well before visual symptoms occur. When broccoli leaves were artificially infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), eventually causing an economically important bacterial disease, the induced optical absorption alterations could be detected at very early stages of infection. Therefore, this innovative microscopy approach was positively utilized to detect the disease caused by a plant pathogen, showing that it can also be employed to detect quarantine pathogens such as Xylella fastidiosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J. Tserevelakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.J.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Andreas Theocharis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.T.); (E.T.); (D.G.)
| | - Stavroula Spyropoulou
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.J.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Emmanouil Trantas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.T.); (E.T.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Goumas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.T.); (E.T.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Filippos Ververidis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.T.); (E.T.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Giannis Zacharakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.J.T.); (S.S.)
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Theocharis A, Antonopoulos V, Christodoulou NG. Somatic symptoms associated with mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Australas Psychiatry 2023; 31:147-156. [PMID: 36825513 PMCID: PMC9969186 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231156380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this article was to systematically review the prevalence of somatic symptoms in patients, healthcare workers and general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary objectives were to record the association between somatic symptoms and indices of mental distress and to record the qualitative characteristics of such somatic complaints. METHODS Following the PRISMA methodology we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar for primary research reporting on somatic symptoms in association with mental distress. We specifically sought papers reporting on bodily distress disorder, somatic symptoms disorder or medically unexplained symptoms. RESULTS 1569 papers were retrieved, which yielded 36 relevant studies after screening. 15 studies referred to healthcare workers, 13 to general population, 5 to COVID-19 patients, 2 compared medical with non-medical professionals and 1 was studying COVID-19 patients some of which were also healthcare workers. The reported prevalence of somatic symptoms ranged from 7.4% to 67.8%. Commonly seen symptoms were shortness of breath, dyspnea, palpitations and pain in arms, legs and joints. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review suggests that somatic symptoms are very frequent during the pandemic and are often linked to mental distress. All three population groups are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikos G Christodoulou
- Faculty of Medicine, 37787University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; and Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, 37786University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Margaritopoulou T, Toufexi E, Kizis D, Balayiannis G, Anagnostopoulos C, Theocharis A, Rempelos L, Troyanos Y, Leifert C, Markellou E. Reynoutria sachalinensis extract elicits SA-dependent defense responses in courgette genotypes against powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3354. [PMID: 32098979 PMCID: PMC7042220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Podosphaera xanthii is one of the most important courgette diseases with high yield losses and is currently controlled by fungicides and sulphur applications in conventional and organic production. Plant derived elicitors/inducers of resistance are natural compounds that induce resistance to pathogen attack and promote a faster and/or more robust activation of plant defense responses. Giant knotweed (Reynoutria sachalinensis, RS) extract is a known elicitor of plant defenses but its mode of action remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of foliar RS applications and how these affect PM severity and crop performance when used alone or in combination with genetic resistance. RS foliar treatments significantly reduced conidial germination and PM severity on both an intermediate resistance (IR) and a susceptible (S) genotype. RS application triggered plant defense responses, which induced the formation of callose papillae, hydrogen peroxide accumulation and the Salicylic acid (SA) - dependent pathway. Increased SA production was detected along with increased p-coumaric and caffeic acid concentrations. These findings clearly indicate that RS elicits plant defenses notably as a consequence of SA pathway induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoni Margaritopoulou
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Mycology, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Toufexi
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Mycology, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
- Newcastle University, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dimosthenis Kizis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Mycology, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - George Balayiannis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control & Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Chemical Control of Pesticides, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Anagnostopoulos
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control & Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Theocharis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Mycology, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Rempelos
- Newcastle University, Nafferton Ecological Farming Group, School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Yerasimos Troyanos
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Non-Parasitic Diseases, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Carlo Leifert
- Centre for Organics Research, Southern Cross University, Military Rd., Lismore, NSW, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emilia Markellou
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Mycology, 8, St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Athens, Greece.
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Theocharis A, Clément C, Barka EA. Physiological and molecular changes in plants grown at low temperatures. Planta 2012; 235:1091-105. [PMID: 22526498 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Apart from water availability, low temperature is the most important environmental factor limiting the productivity and geographical distribution of plants across the world. To cope with cold stress, plant species have evolved several physiological and molecular adaptations to maximize cold tolerance by adjusting their metabolism. The regulation of some gene products represents an additional mechanism of cold tolerance. A consequence of these mechanisms is that plants are able to survive exposure to low temperature via a process known as cold acclimation. In this review, we briefly summarize recent progress in research and hypotheses on how sensitive plants perceive cold. We also explore how this perception is translated into changes within plants following exposure to low temperatures. Particular emphasis is placed on physiological parameters as well as transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of cold-induced gene products that occur after exposure to low temperatures, leading to cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Theocharis
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défense et Reproduction des Plantes, URVVC, UPRES EA 2069, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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Fernandez O, Theocharis A, Bordiec S, Feil R, Jacquens L, Clément C, Fontaine F, Barka EA. Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN acclimates grapevine to cold by modulating carbohydrate metabolism. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2012; 25:496-504. [PMID: 22409157 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-11-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Low temperatures damage many temperate crops, including grapevine, which, when exposed to chilling, can be affected by symptoms ranging from reduced yield up to complete infertility. We have previously demonstrated that Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that colonizes grapevine, is able to reduce chilling-induced damage. We hypothesized that the induced tolerance may be explained at least partly by the impact of bacteria on grapevine photosynthesis or carbohydrate metabolism during cold acclimation. To investigate this hypothesis, we monitored herein the fluctuations of photosynthesis parameters (net photosynthesis [P(n)], intercellular CO(2) concentration, stomatal conductances, ΦPSII, and total chlorophyll concentration), starch, soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, saccharose, mannose, raffinose, and maltose), and their precursors during 5 days of chilling exposure (4°C) on grapevine plantlets. Bacterization affects photosynthesis in a non-stomatal dependent pattern and reduced long-term impact of chilling on P(n). Furthermore, all studied carbohydrates known to be involved in cold stress tolerance accumulate in non-chilled bacterized plantlets, although some of them remained more concentrated in the latter after chilling exposure. Overall, our results suggest that modification of carbohydrate metabolism in bacterized grapevine plantlets may be one of the major effects by which this PGPR reduces chilling-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fernandez
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne–Stress et Environnement (EA 2069), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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Lionello P, Gacic M, Gomis D, Garcia-Herrera R, Giorgi F, Planton S, Trigo R, Theocharis A, Tsimplis MN, Ulbrich U, Xoplaki E. Program focuses on climate of the Mediterranean region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012eo100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Theocharis A, Bordiec S, Fernandez O, Paquis S, Dhondt-Cordelier S, Baillieul F, Clément C, Barka EA. Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN primes Vitis vinifera L. and confers a better tolerance to low nonfreezing temperatures. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2012; 25:241-9. [PMID: 21942451 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-11-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Several endophytic bacteria reportedly induce resistance to biotic stress and abiotic stress tolerance in several plant species. Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN is a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) that is able to colonize grapevine tissues and induce resistance to gray mold. Further, PsJN induces physiological changes that increase grapevine tolerance to low nonfreezing temperatures. To better understand how bacteria induced the observed phenomena, stress-related gene expression and metabolite accumulation were monitored in 6-week-old Chardonnay grapevine plantlets after exposure to low nonfreezing temperatures. Under normal conditions (26°C), plantlet bacterization had no significant effect on the monitored parameters. By contrast, at 4°C, both stress-related gene transcripts and metabolite levels increased earlier and faster, and reached higher levels in PsJN-bacterized plantlets than in nonbacterized counterparts, in accordance with priming phenomena. The recorded changes may be correlated with the tolerance to cold stress conferred by the presence of PsJN. This is the first time that PGPR-induced priming has been shown to protect plants against low-temperature stress. Moreover, 1 week after cold exposure, levels of stress-related metabolites had declined more in PsJN-bacterized plants, suggesting that the endophyte is involved in the cold acclimation process via the scavenging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Theocharis
- Universite de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unite de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, Reims Cedex, France
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Gačić M, Civitarese G, Eusebi Borzelli GL, Kovačević V, Poulain PM, Theocharis A, Menna M, Catucci A, Zarokanellos N. On the relationship between the decadal oscillations of the northern Ionian Sea and the salinity distributions in the eastern Mediterranean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jc007280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Theocharis A, Anastassopoulos A, Jumerle B, Komninos K, Tzannetis G. Alterations of lipid profile during acute ischaemic syndromes. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)80674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lamari F, Theocharis A, Hjerpe A, Karamanos NK. Ultrasensitive capillary electrophoresis of sulfated disaccharides in chondroitin/dermatan sulfates by laser-induced fluorescence after derivatization with 2-aminoacridone. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1999; 730:129-33. [PMID: 10437680 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive capillary electrophoretic method for separating the variously sulfated chondroitin/dermatan sulfate-derived delta-disaccharides after digestion with chondro/dermatolyases and derivatization with the fluorophore 2-aminoacridone is described. All known mono-, di- and tri-sulfated delta-disaccharides were completely separated using 15 mM orthophosphate buffer (pH 3.0) at 20 kV without any interference of the excess derivatizing reagent. They were detected at the anode (reversed polarity) using either an Ar-ion laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector (excitation wavelength 488 nm) or a UV detector. The sensitivity obtained by LIF (0.51 pmol/l) was at least 100 and 10 times higher as compared to those obtained by UV detection at 232 nm of underivatized delta-disaccharides and at 254 nm of those derivatized with aminoacridone, respectively. The method has been easily applied to the analysis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfates from various tissues at the attogram level, including chondrotin/dermatan sulfates from normal and aneurysmal human abdominal aortas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lamari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
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Tsimplis MN, Velegrakis AF, Theocharis A, Collins MB. Low-frequency current variability at the Straits of Crete, eastern Mediterranean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jc01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Theocharis A, Antoniadis A, Otapasidou S, Antoniadi T, Poulopoulos K, Papasteriadis E. 4.P.104 Efficacy of step-one hypolipidemic diet in hyperlipidemic patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)89632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Theocharis A, Tsolakis I, Papageorgiou E, Tsegenidis T, Antonopoulos C, Karamanos N. 3.P.285 Atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with specific quantitative changes of glycosaminoglycans. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)89362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Malanotte-Rizzoli P, Robinson AR, Roether W, Manca B, Bergamasco A, Brenner S, Civitarese G, Georgopoulos D, Haley PJ, Kioroglou S, Kontoyannis H, Kress N, Latif MA, Leslie WG, Ozsoy E, d'Alcala MR, Salihoglu I, Sansone E, Theocharis A. Experiment in eastern Mediterranean probes origin of deep water masses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96eo00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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