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O'Grady JP, Dean DC, Yang KL, Canda CM, Hoscheidt SM, Starks EJ, Merluzzi A, Hurley S, Davenport NJ, Okonkwo OC, Anderson RM, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Alexander AL, Bendlin BB. Elevated Insulin and Insulin Resistance are Associated with Altered Myelin in Cognitively Unimpaired Middle-Aged Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1464-1471. [PMID: 31314172 PMCID: PMC6707894 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin regulates metabolism and influences neural health. Insulin resistance (IR) and type II diabetes have been identified as risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD). Evidence has also suggested that myelinated white matter alterations may be involved in the pathophysiology of AD; however, it is unknown whether insulin or IR affect the underlying myelin microstructure. The relationships between insulin, IR, and myelin were examined, with the hypothesis that IR would be associated with reduced myelin. METHODS Cognitively unimpaired adults enriched for risk factors for AD underwent multicomponent driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2 imaging, a myelin-sensitive neuroimaging technique. Linear regressions were used to test the relationship between homeostatic model assessment of IR, insulin, and myelin water fraction (MWF) as well as interactions with APOE ε4. RESULTS Both IR and insulin level were associated with altered myelin content, wherein a significant negative association with MWF was observed in white matter regions and a positive association with MWF was observed in gray matter. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that insulin and IR influence white matter myelination in a cognitively unimpaired population. Additional studies are needed to determine the extent to which this may contribute to cognitive decline or vulnerability to neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrick O'Grady
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kao Lee Yang
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cristybelle-Marie Canda
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Siobhan M Hoscheidt
- Stitch Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erika J Starks
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew Merluzzi
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samuel Hurley
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nancy J Davenport
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew L Alexander
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Buckley RC, Arcos DF, Clinciu DL, Scarf D, Trinder M, Santee EJ, Kirk K, Watkins T, Merluzzi A, Shishmahal HA, Morrow R, Maier ED, Beardsley FR, da Silva Lopes K, James JI, Qasim H, Rosenberg J, Kitsinelis S, VanWees S. Why science? Scientists share their stories. Science 2017; 356:590-592. [PMID: 28495720 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Bertotto A, Vagliasindi C, Gerli R, Spinozzi F, Castellucci G, Fabietti G, Crupi S, Radicioni M, Cozzali R, Ferraro L, Niccoli A, De Rosa O, Lupi C, Brunelli R, Merluzzi A, Guadalupi D, Parente C, Pertici L, Serra M, Vaccaro R. Soluble CD30 antigen in human colostrum. Biol Neonate 1997; 71:69-74. [PMID: 9057989 DOI: 10.1159/000244399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It is now well established that the CD30 glycoprotein is a surface antigen expressed by activated T cells producing T-helper (Th)-2-type lymphokines. Mounting laboratory evidence, however, suggests that CD30 expression is not confined to a functionally restricted subset of T cells, but also identifies activated cells with a Th-1 and Th-0 pattern of cytokine secretion. CD30-bearing T lymphocytes release a soluble form of the molecule (sCD30), which can be detected both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, very high levels of sCD30 were found in colostrum from 20 puerperal women, but not in autologous and heterologous (nonpregnant women) blood samples. These data strongly support an involvement of CD30+ T cells in the immune processes which take place at the level of the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. Passively transferred immune components such as immunoglobulins, cytokines, macrophages, natural killer cells, granulocytes and memory/activated T cells, all of which may help the baby to fight off infections, have been revealed in human breast milk. However, how Th-2-type cytokine-secreting T cells or other T-cell types help to endow the congenitally immunocompromised newborn infant with extrinsic immunological support remains an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bertotto
- Department of Paediatrics, Perugia University School Medicine, Italy
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