Hnatyszyn A, Hryhorowicz S, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Lis E, Słomski R, Scott RJ, Pławski A. Colorectal carcinoma in the course of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2019;
17:18. [PMID:
31338130 PMCID:
PMC6626407 DOI:
10.1186/s13053-019-0118-4]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are the most prevalent diseases of the digestive system, and their association is unequivocal. A long-standing inflammatory process is one of the causes of sporadic as well as inherited cancers as it impacts on malignant transformation in a wide variety of neoplastic diseases, including colorectal cancer.
Methods
An extensive publication search was performed in Medline and PubMed database. The keywords: colorectal carcinoma, inflammation, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel disease were used.
Results
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) and toll like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways are clearly involved in the inflammatory process and are therefore implicated in the transformation of normal colonic mucosa to premalignant and malignant disease. Focal sites of inflammation could significantly increase the risk of initiation and development of cancer. Altered inflammatory activity is likely to be a result of either a disturbance of intestinal bacterial flora or an inadequate cellular response to it. Additionally, increasing the level of inflammation-related factors may also interfere with the control of cellular proliferation.
Conclusions
This review shows an overview of the genetic and environmental factors that appear to influence both the occurrence of IBD and CRC with particular reference to NOD2 and TLRs as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines associated with tumor initiation and progression (encompassing both tumor invasion and metastases), as they constitute potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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